适用于新高考新教材2024版高考英语二轮复习备考前沿高考必会的“快”“准”读文3策略课件

备考前沿高考必会的“快”“准”读文3策略策略一策略二目录索引0102策略三03策略一读文技巧灵活用,快速阅读不再难技法1

逐词阅读要摒弃,成组视读划意群意群就是指句子中按意思和结构划分出的各个成分,每一个成分即称为一个意群。同一意群中的词与词关系紧密,不能随意拆分,否则就会引起误解。阅读时要分清意群,以意群为单位,成组视读,这样读者接收到的是成组的信息,而不是一个个独立的单词。按意群阅读可避免考生逐词阅读,并能让考生更好、更快地理解文章主要内容,大大提高考生的阅读效率。[典例](2022全国乙卷,C)Can/asmallgroupofdrones(无人机)/guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailways/and,atthesametime,/helprailwayoperators/savebillionsofeuros/eachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky”technologytomakingsure/thatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基础设施)worldwide/aresafe/fortrains/ona24/7basis.点拨

划分意群时,可以根据意思和句子成分划分,如主语、动宾结构、固定搭配等。口诀

主谓宾状分清楚,固定搭配划一起。不同成分分开来,主从连词要断开。译文

一小群无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时,帮助铁路公司每年节省数十亿欧元吗?应用今天的“空中之眼”技术确保全球数百万千米的铁路轨道和基础设施对火车来说全天候安全,那么未来很可能是这样的。技法2语篇行文要理清,“选择”阅读省时力高考试卷中的语篇文体多样,行文结构不同。考生掌握了不同文体的行文特点,针对高考对不同文体的考查情况,就可以“选择”高效的阅读策略,大大提高阅读速度和理解准确度。那么,如何通过把握文体来提升读文速度呢?具体方法将在后面“专题一NO.2文体深探究·明晰文体读文快”中详细阐述。策略二遇到词汇“拦路虎”,巧用2法来扫除技法1人名地名某某名,判定类别速略过在阅读过程中,如果发现很多以大写字母开头的生词或者一连串的斜体单词,我们可以快速略过,只需判定生词是哪类事物即可,比如人名、地名、作品名(常用斜体)、报刊名(常用斜体)、物种名、机构组织名等,无需弄明白其具体所指。这些单词一般不会影响我们对文章大意的理解。[典例](2022全国乙卷,B)In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.—Dorothy

WoodruffandRosamond

Underwood—traveledtoasettlementintheRocky

Mountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.ThegirlshadgonetoSmith

College.Theyworeexpensiveclothes.SoforthemtomovetoElkhead,Colo.toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstringwasasurprise.TheirstayinElkheadisthesubjectofNothing

Daunted:The

Unexpected

Education

of

Two

Society

Girls

in

the

WestbyDorothy

Wickenden,whoisamagazineeditorandDorothy

Woodruff’sgranddaughter.点拨

根据上下文直接将句中首字母大写的生词或一连串的斜体单词转换为“某人”“某地”“某个组织”“某部作品”等,提取关键信息,加快阅读速度。译文

1916年,来自某地(Auburn,N.Y.)的两个互为最佳好友的富家女孩——某人(Dorothy

Woodruff)和某人(Rosamond

Underwood)——来到某地(Rocky

Mountains)的一个村落,在一个只有一间教室的校舍里教书。女孩儿们上的是某个学校(Smith

College)。她们穿着昂贵的衣服。因此,对她们来说,搬到某地(Elkhead,Colo.)教那些用绳子把鞋子系在一起的孩子们是出乎意料的。她们在某地(Elkhead)的停留是某书(Nothing

Daunted:The

Unexpected

Education

of

Two

Society

Girls

in

the

West)的主题,作者某人(Dorothy

Wickenden)是一名杂志编辑,也是某人(Dorothy

Woodruff)的孙女。技法2若遇生词障碍词,猜词技巧来帮忙微技巧1

依据熟词猜生义,语境之中定含义有些单词的基本义比较常用,而它的衍生义则比较生僻。虽然这些词在课本中出现过,但没有给出全部汉语意思,所以在高考英语语篇中,考生往往会遇到一些单词貌似熟悉,但在阅读文章时却搞不清意思的情况,这就是熟词生义现象。这需要在日常学习词汇时,培养结合具体的语境由词汇的基本义推测其衍生义的能力;这是高考的重点。[典例](2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷,B)WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(细菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine....Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.分析

单词熟义生义clearadj.明白的,清楚的adj.透明的trapvt.把……困在v.吸收,留存developvt.发展vt.开发,研制treatv.对待vt.(利用化学物质或反应)处理微技巧2

长难单词巧拆解,利用构词猜词义学会拆解单词利用构词法猜测词义是考生必备的一项技能。英语中常见的构词有三类:派生、转化与合成。由词缀(前缀和后缀)和词根相结合构成单词的方法叫作派生法;把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法;由两个或两个以上单词组成一个新单词的方法叫作合成法。[典例](2023全国乙卷,C)WhatcomesintoyourmindwhenyouthinkofBritishfood?Probablyfishandchips,oraSundaydinnerofmeatandtwovegetables.ButisBritishfoodreallysouninteresting?EventhoughBritainhasareputationforless-than-impressivecuisine,itisproducingmoretop

classchefswhoappearfrequentlyonourtelevisionscreensandwhoserecipebooksfrequentlytopthebestsellerlists.It’sthankstotheseTVchefsratherthananyadvertisingcampaignthatBritonsareturningawayfrommeat-and-two-vegandready-mademealsandbecomingmoreadventurousintheircookinghabits.ItisrecentlyreportedthatthenumberofthosestickingtoatraditionaldietisslowlydecliningandaroundhalfofBritain’sconsumerswouldliketochangeorimprovetheircookinginsomeway.TherehasbeenariseinthenumberofstudentsapplyingforfoodcoursesatUKuniversitiesandcolleges.ItseemsthatTVprogrammeshavehelpedchangewhatpeoplethinkaboutcooking....分析

构词法例词派生adventurous-ous(形容词后缀)有冒险精神的,大胆开拓的consumer-er(在动词后表示执行该动作的人)消费者,用户转化topn.顶部,顶端vt.据……之首合成topclasstop(顶端的)+class(等级)adj.顶级的,第一流的ready-madeready(准备的)+made(制作)adj.预先准备好的,现成的微技巧3

全然生词莫慌张

巧用逻辑判意义高考阅读理解越来越注重能力的考查。阅读理解语篇中会含有一些生词,而且有一部分生词考生从来没有见过,也不能通过构词法来猜测。这些词就是考生做题的拦路虎,需要考生利用上下文提供的线索猜测词义。[典例](2021全国乙卷,A)PeoplehavebeenpouringintostadiumssincethedaysofancientGreece.Inaround80A.D.,theRomansbuilttheColosseum,whichremainstheworld’sbestknownstadiumandcontinuestoinformcontemporarydesign.Rome’sColosseumwas157feettallandhad80entrances,seating50,000people.However,thatwassmall

frycomparedwiththecity’sCircus

Maximus,whichaccommodatedaround250,000people....分析

选段中出现了较多的完全陌生的词语。其中,Colosseum、Circus

Maximus是专有名词,根据“which

remains

the

world’s

best

known

stadium”和“that

was

small

fry

compared

with

the

city’s

Circus

Maximus”可知,它们是体育场,不知道其具体中文名称对理解文意影响不大;根据“seating

50,000

people”“compared

with”以及“accommodated

around

250,000

people”可推测,small

fry表示“(相比较之下)不重要的人(或事物)”。考生在考场上遇见完全陌生的词语时不要慌张。这类词中一部分是专有名词,不理解其含义往往对文意的理解影响不大;另一部分通常可以根据语法关系(如定语从句、同位语等)和逻辑关系(如递进、转折、因果等)推断出其含义,所以考生要学会先从整体上把握语篇含义,再在语境中体会词语的含义。词汇是阅读理解的基础,只有扫除词汇障碍,考生才能准确理解文章内容。课堂应用根据语境猜测画线词汇的词性及含义:1.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷,A)MacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerentalcompanyinAmsterdam.

2.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷,A)Cyclingisthemost①economical,②sustainableandfunwaytoexplorethecity,withitsbeautifulcanals,parks,squaresandcountlesslights.①

②

3.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷,B)Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.

4.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷,B)Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.

adv.存在着,出现adj.经济的,实惠的adj.可持续的,不破坏环境的n.生态系统n.自行修复5.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷,C)Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.

6.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷,C)Indoingso,I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.

7.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷,D)Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.

vt.重视,珍视vt.组织vt.推理8.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷,D)Somepeoplewilltendto①overestimate,andsometo②underestimate.①

②

9.(2023全国乙卷,B)Tomakesomeofmylandscapeshots,Ihavetraveleduptofourhoursawaytoshootwithina10-minutetimeframe.

10.(2023全国乙卷,D)Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.

vt.高估vt.低估n.照片n.误解策略三读文碰见长难句,运用“4招”来破解阅读理解得分低,主要是因为文章看不懂,句子太长或者句子结构复杂。句子除了主干之外还包含一些附加部分,如插入语、同位语、分隔现象、各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语等。下面介绍如何通过“4招技法”处理英语阅读理解中的长难句。技法1据谓语,找主干一般情况下,一个谓语形式的动词对应其动作的发出者(主语),我们可以根据谓语动词来确定其主语。而且,如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词,则该句可能是并列句或复合句(并列谓语动词的情况除外)。典例(2022全国甲卷,C)Thesegentle,lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedwhatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.分析寻谓语本句的谓语为:welcomed和kick-started。找主干主语为:Thesegentle,lovelygatekeepers;本句的主干为:Thesegatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedatrip。析成分本句为主从复合句。主句使用并列谓语welcomed和kick-started;what引导宾语从句;从句中又包含一个省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句Ginniwouldneverforget,修饰先行词atrip。句意这些温柔可爱的接待员们欢迎了她的到来,而这也开启了Ginni难以忘怀的一次旅行。技法2提主干,去枝叶一般情况下,一个结构复杂的句子中主句所表达的信息为主要信息,从句、状语和定语等所表达的信息为次要信息。若句子的主干提炼不出来,就不能完全把握句子的核心意义,从而导致思维混乱,主次不分典例(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷,C)Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.分析提主干句子主干为:Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism。去枝叶介词短语Inpartone和beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy均作状语,startingwithanexaminationoftheforces为现在分词短语作状语,thataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词forces。句意在第一部分中,我论述了数字极简主义的哲学基础,首先探讨了到底是什么样的力量使得许多人的数字生活越来越难以忍受,然后对数字极简主义生活准则进行详细讨论。技法3寻关联,辨逻辑一些长句其实是由若干分句组成的并列句或复合句,它们之间需要一些关联词来连接。如果找准这些关联词,我们就能够弄清楚句与句之间的逻辑关系,分别弄清楚主句和从句的意义,那么长句也就容易理解了。典例(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷,C)You’llheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.分析提主干句子主干为:You’llheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearn...寻关联,辨逻辑此句为复合句,第二个并列连词and连接两个由what引导的宾语从句whatstrategiesworkedwellforthem和whattrapstheyencountered,that引导的定语从句thatyoushouldavoid修饰先行词traps。句意你将了解到这些参与者的故事,知悉哪些策略对他们有效,以及他们遇到了哪些你应当避免的陷阱。技法4看搭配,防分隔有时一个长句是由一个或多个搭配构成,而且这些搭配常常出现分隔现象。学生若受分隔现象的干扰而看不清句子的本来面目,则会对句意的理解发生偏差。典例(2021新高考全国Ⅰ卷,C)TheveryfirstFederalDuckStampwasdesignedbyJ.N.“Ding”Darling,apoliticalcartoonistfromDesMoines,Iowa,whoatthattimewasappointedbyPresidentFranklinRooseveltasDirectoroftheBureauofBiologicalSurvey.分析提主干本句主干为:TheveryfirstFederalDuckStampwasdesignedbyJ.N.“Ding”Darling。分析寻关联,辨逻辑whoatthattimewasappointedbyPresidentFranklinRooseveltasDirectoroftheBureauofBiologicalSurvey为定语从句。看搭配,防分隔apoliticalcartoonistfromDesMoines是J.N.“Ding”Darling的同位语。句意第一枚联邦鸭票是由J.N.“丁”达林设计的,他是一位来自艾奥瓦州得梅因的政治漫画家,当时被富兰克林·罗斯福总统任命为生物调查局局长。课堂应用1.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷,C)Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.[分析]提主干:本句是一个主从复合句,you

will

then

add

back

a

small

number

of

carefully

chosen

online

activities为句子的主干。去枝叶:At

the

end

of

the

thirty

days作

语;that

you

believe

will

provide

massive

benefits

to

the

things为that引导的

从句修饰先行词

,you

believe为

语;you

value为省略关系代词that/which的

从句,修饰先行词

。

翻译:时间状定语onlineactivities插入定语thethings

在这三十天结束时,你可以恢复少量精心挑选的、你认为将对你所珍视的东西大有裨益的线上活动。2.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷,B)A

dirty

stream,for

example,often

became

clear

after

flowing

through

plants

and

along

rocks

where

tiny

creatures

lived.[分析]提主干:分析句子成分可知,A

dirty

stream

often

became

clear为句子的主干。去枝叶:本句中for

example为插入语,after

flowing

through

plants

and

along

rocks为

语,其中包含一个由where引导的

,修饰先行词

。

翻译:时间状定语从句rocks

例如,一条污浊的小溪,在流经植物和微小生物栖息的岩石后,通常会变得清澈。3.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷,D)The

key

finding

of

the

study

was

that

when

crowds

were

further

divided

into

smaller

groups

that

were

allowed

to

have

a

discussion,the

averages

from

these

groups

were

more

accurate

than

those

from

an

equal

number

of

independent

individuals.[分析]提主干:本句是一个主从复合句,主干The

key

finding

of

the

study

was

that...是一个主系表结构的句子。去枝叶:that

when

crowds

were

further

divided

into

smaller

groups

that

were

allowed

to

have

a

discussion,the

averages

from

these

groups

were

more

accurate

than

those

from

an

equal

number

of

independent

individuals为that引导的

从句;该从句中when

crowds

were

further

divided

into

smaller

groups

that

were

allowed

to

have

a

discussion为when引导的

从句,该从句中又含有

从句that

were

allowed

to

have

a

discussion,修饰先行词

。

翻译:表语时间状语定语smallergroups

这项研究的重要发现是,当大的群体被进一步分成更小的群体并允许讨论时,这些群体(估算)的平均值比同样数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。4.(2022全国乙卷,D)Today’s

figures,according

to

o