译林版（2019）必修第二册Unit 2 Be Sporty Be Healthy 知识点导学案

必修二U2Besporty,behealthy【Welcometotheunit】1.Asoundmindstarsfromasoundbody.Howcanaweakbodydevelopasoundmind？--CaiYuanpei有健全之身体，始有健全之精神；若身体柔弱，则思想精神何由发达？—蔡元培【知识点一】sound(1)adj.健康的2.Whatanimalisbestathittingbaseballs?Abat!什么动物最擅长打棒球？蝙蝠！【知识点一】bat/bæt/(1)n.蝙蝠;球棒,球板(2)vt.&vi.用球棒（板）击球【Reading】1.Whatmightpreventpeoplefromstartingexercise?什么可能会阻止人们开始锻炼?【知识点一】prevent…from(1)阻止…,阻碍…(2)阻止...做...:prevent+宾语+（from）doingstop+宾语+（from）doingkeep+宾语+fromdoingban+宾语+fromdoing禁止…做注意：在以上结构中，被动语态里from均不可以省去，在主动语态中prevent与stop后面的from可省略，但在keep…fromdoing结构中的from不能省略。另外，keepsb.doing的意思是“让某人一直做”。[练习]（1）Weshouldmakeeveryefforttopreventschoolviolencefrom____________（happen）.（2）Wemustdowhatwecan_________（prevent）theriversfrombeingpollutedbyfactories.（3）Byslowlycuttingdeeperanddeepercurves（[kɜːv]曲线）,youpreventtheglass_________breakingasitchangesshape.2.Congratulations!Youhavejusttakenyourfirststeptowardsanewandimprovedyou!恭喜!你已经向一个全新的、更好的自我迈出了第一步!【知识点一】congratulation/kənˌɡrætʃuˈleɪʃn/(1)n.祝贺,恭喜;贺词;恭贺常见搭配：congratulationstosb.onsth.祝贺某人某事Congratulations!祝贺你!（口语）offer/sendcongratulationstosb.（onsth.）向某人祝贺（某事）(2)congratulatev.祝贺,向…道贺;感到自豪常见搭配：congratulatesb.on/uponsth./doingsth.就（做）某事向某人祝贺注意：congratulation用作祝贺语时，通常用复数形式；表示“祝贺”这一抽象意义时，通常用单数形式。[练习]（1）--IgotthatjobIwantedatthepubliclibrary.--__________________（congratulate）!That'sgoodnews.（2）Icongratulate_________（I）onhavingchosenagoodwomantobemywife.（3）你应该为你出色的工作感到自豪。Youcan____________________________________havingdoneanexcellentjob.3.Understandingthebenefitsofexercise了解锻炼的好处【知识点一】benefit(1)n.优势;益处;成效常见搭配：forone’sbenefit＝forthebenefitofsb.为了帮助某人;为了某人的利益(2)v.得益于;得利于;使受益常见搭配：benefitsb./sth.对某人/物有益benefitfrom/by从…中受益(3)beneficialadj.有利的,有益的常见搭配：beofbenefitto＝bebeneficialto对…有益[练习]（1）Whenitcomesto_________benefitofvolunteering,alotofpeoplethinkit'sallaboutthewarmfeelingafterhelpingsomeone.（2）Itis_________greatbenefittoshareyourfeelingswithsomeoneyoutrust.（3）Pleasegotothecountry.Ithinkthefreshairthereis_________（benefit）toyou.4.Mostpeopleassumethatregularexercisedoeswondersforthebodyandmind-butwhatexactlyareitshealthbenefits?大多数人认为定期锻炼对身心有奇效,但它对健康究竟有什么好处呢?【知识点一】assume/əˈsjuːm/(1)vt.假定,假设,认为;承担(责任),担任,就(职)；呈现,显露常见搭配：assumesb./sth.tobe…认为某人/事…assuming（that）…假设…（引导条件状语从句）Itisassumedthat…据认为…(2)assumptionn.假定,假设;常见搭配：ontheassumptionthat…假定…maketheassumption/assumptionsthat…作关于…的推测/假设[练习]（1）Somecyclistsmaketheassumption_________trafficlawsdonotapplytothem,butthisisnottrue.（2）_________wasassumedthatallhumankindcoulddowastoadapttotherapidlychangingconditions.（3）Weareworking_________theassumptionthattheconference（[ˈkɒnfərəns]会议）willtakeplaceasplanned.（4）____________________________________（人们认为）thosepeoplewouldbemostlikelytocontinuevolunteerwork.5.Ithasalsobeenproventhatactivepeopletendtohavebetterimmunesystemsandareatlowerriskofdiseases.事实也证明,定期运动的人往往会有更好的免疫系统,患病的风险较低。【知识点一】Ithasalsobeenproventhat...事实证明......常用于该结构的过去分词还有reported,said,known,believed,thought,announced,expected,stated等注意：上述结构可改为Sb./Sth.besaid/thought/believed/hoped…todo/tobedoing/tohavedone。[练习]（1）Itis_________（report）thattheenemyweretenmilesaway.（2）同义句转换1）Itissupposedthatheisworkinginthatbigcompany.→He____________________________________workinginthatbigcompany.2）ItissaidthatTomhaswrittenanewbookaboutworkers.→Tom_____________________________________________newbookaboutworkers.3）Itisthoughtthatshehelpsthepeopleinneed.→She__________________thepeopleinneed.【知识点二】tend(1)v.往往会;趋向;趋于;照顾;护理常见搭配：tendtodosth.常常会做某事;倾向于做某事tendto/towards…趋向…;倾向…tend（to）sb./sth.（＝lookaftersb./sth.）照顾某人/事;护理某人/事(2)vt.&vi.照看;护理常见搭配：tend（to）sb照顾某人(3)tendencyn.倾向;偏好常见搭配：haveatendencytodosth.倾向于做某事[练习]（1）ThesortofmusicIlistentovaries（[ˈveəri]不同）,butItend_________ourfolkmusic.（2）Peoplehavea_________（tend）toplacetoomuchemphasis（[ˈemfəsɪs]强调）onwhatexpertssay.（3）Ambulance（[ˈæmbjələns]救护车）crews（[kruː]全体工作人员）were_________（tend）totheinjured（[ˈɪndʒəd]伤员）.（4）这些植物大多生长在偏远的乡村地区。Theseplants___________________________togrowinrural（[ˈrʊərəl]农村的）areas.【知识点三】immune/ɪˈmjuːn/(1)adj.有免疫力;不受影响的;免除的5.Whenyouplananexerciseroutine,thefirstthingtoconsideriswhatyouexpecttoimprove.当你制定锻炼计划时，首先要考虑的是你期望在哪些方面有所改善。【知识点一】routine/ruːˈtiːn/(1)n.常规,惯例常见搭配：followtheroutine遵守常规(2)adj.常规的,例行的;乏味的6.Flexibilitytraining,includinggymnasticsandtaichi,helpsstretchyourmusclesandimproveyourbody'srangeofmovement.体操和太极拳等柔韧性训练有助于伸展肌肉,加大身体活动范围。【知识点一】gymnastics/dʒɪmˈnæstɪks/n.体操,体操训练gymnasium/dʒɪmˈneɪziəm/n.体育馆，健身房（缩写：gym）【知识点二】stretch/stretʃ/(1)vt.&vi.伸展,舒展;拉长;伸出;（使）延伸【知识点三】muscle/ˈmʌsl/(1)n.肌肉,肌【知识点四】range/reɪndʒ/(1)n.一系列;范围,界限;射程;视觉（或听觉）范围常见搭配：arangeof一系列,各种in/withinrange（ofsth.）在（某物的）范围内outof/beyondrange（ofsth.）超出（某物的）范围(2)vi.变化,变动;包括（各种不同的人或物）vt.（按一定位置或顺序）排列,排序常见搭配：rangefrom…to…从…到…;在…到…范围之间变化rangebetween…and…在…到…之间rangeinage/size/pricefrom…to…年龄/尺寸/价格在…到…间变动注意：range作名词时还可以表示"山脉",amountainrange意为"一条山脉"。[练习]（1）Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,_________（range）frombutterfliestoelephants.（2）Brookssurveysawiderange_________disciplines（[ˈdɪsəplɪnz]学科）tofindthereasonwhysomestudentsarehappyandsuccessfulwhileothersaren’t.（3）Thepricerangesbetween＄25_________＄400.（4）Itis_________rangeofmyability,soI'msorryIcan’thelpyou.（5）在这本小册子里,你可以看到各种名牌运动鞋的最新款式,价格从60美元到200美元不等。Inthesmallbrochure（[ˈbrəʊʃə(r)]）,youcanseethelatestmodelsofsneakers（[ˈsniːkə(r)]）ofdifferentfamousbrands,____________________________________＄60to＄200.【知识点五】movement/ˈmuːvmənt/(1)n.活动,转动;移动;运动7.Aboveall,chooseactivitiesyouenjoybecause,inthisway,you’remorelikelytostickwiththem.最重要的是,选择你喜欢的活动,因为这样你更有可能坚持下去。【知识点一】stickwith(1)坚持,持续（及物动词短语,后面要带宾语）(2)与stick相关短语：stickat坚持不懈地做stickout伸出;突出,显眼stickto坚持（真理等）,坚持干（某事）,忠于（to为介词）stickup竖起;向上突起stickupfor为…辩护,支持,拥护get/bestuckin（＝get/becaughtin）被陷在…,被卡在…stickbysb（当某人做错事或遇到困难时）继续支持;忠于某人[练习]（1）Stick_________meuntilwegetoutofthecrowd.（2）Ifyoustick_________thetruth,youwillhavenothingtofear.（3）Perhapsheshouldhavestuck_________writing.（4）陷在雪里的汽车发动不起来。Thecar____________________________________snowcouldn’tstart.8.Foodslikenoodles,rice,fruitandvegetablesgiveyourbodyplentyofcarbohydratestokeepupyourenergyduringalongworkout.像面条、大米、水果和蔬菜这样的食物给你的身体提供大量的碳水化合物,它们可以在长时间的锻炼中维持你的能量供给。【知识点一】carbohydrate/ˌkɑːbəʊˈhaɪdreɪt/(1)n.碳水化合物,糖类【知识点二】energy/ˈenədʒi/(1)n.[U]能,能量;能源;活力[pl.]精力常见搭配：fullofenergy精力充沛;充满活力nuclear（[ˈnjuːkliə(r)]）/solar（[ˈsəʊlə(r)]）/renewableenergy核能/太阳能/可再生能源(2)energeticadj.精力充沛的;充满活力的(3)辨析：易混词含义例句energy指人的"精力",也指"能量;活力",多用作不可数名词It’sawasteoftimeandenergy.strength着重指人的"体力",也指"实力;优势"Hepushedagainsttherockwithallhisstrength.force指外力或武力,也指物理意义上的"力"Theriotersweretakenawaybyforce.power泛指一切力量、能力、权力等,侧重本领或职权Thepartycametopoweratthelastelection.[练习]（1）Youare____________（energy）.Canyoutellmethesecret?（2）许多国家正在增加对天然气、风能和其他形式能源的使用。Manycountriesareincreasingtheiruseofnaturalgas,_______________________________________________________________.（3）用energy,strength,force或power的适当形式填空1）Intheolddays,manykingscameto_________by_________.2）Everyonehashisown_________andweaknesses.3）Withtimeand_________saved,childrencanpursue（[pəˈsjuː]追求）theirowninterests.9.Whentoeatisalsoofgreatimportance.什么时候吃也很重要。【知识点一】isofgreatimportance很重要be+of+n.结构在句中可以做表语或后置定语。该结构根据是否有对应的形容词可以分为两类:①可以转化为同根形容词的:此时,"of+名词"结构用来说明句子的主语所具有的作用、重要性或意义等。这类名词有value,importance,use,help,benefit,significance（[sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns]重要性）等,名词前可用great,little,some,no,much等来修饰,用来说明程度。E.g.Themeetingisofgreatimportance.＝Themeetingisveryimportant.②不可以转化为形容词的:此时,"of+名词"结构用来说明句子的主语在重量、大小、颜色、类别等方面的特征。这类名词有colour,age,size,height,length（[leŋkθ]）,weight,shape,type,quality等,名词前可用different,thesame,a(n)等来修饰。E.g.Coinsmaybeofdifferentsizes,weights,shapesandmetals.③"beof+抽象名词"结构的否定形式一般采用否定名词的做法,即"beofno+名词"。E.g.AsfarasthestudyofEnglishwasconcerned,whathesaidwasofnouse.[练习]（1）Mothers’labour（[ˈleɪbə(r)]劳动）is_________highervaluethanitisrealized.（2）Whathesaidatthemeetingwas___________________________（很有价值）.（3）Thediscoveryofthenewdrugis___________________________（非常重要）topeoplewhosufferfromhearttrouble.（4）Pleasegivethesethingstocharities.Theyare___________________________（没有用）tome.（5）MysisterandIare___________________________（一样高）.9.Ingeneral,youshouldhaveyourmealanaverageof1.5to2.5hoursbeforeexercising.一般来说,你应该在进食后平均等上1.5到2.5个小时再运动。【知识点一】averagen.平均数;一般水准;平均水平常见搭配：anaverageof…平均有…theaverageof……的平均数uptotheaverage达到平均水平on（an/the）average平均来看above/below（the）average在平均水平以上/以下adj.平均的;正常的,普通的;典型的(3)linkingv.平均为注意：“anaverageof+复数名词”做主语，谓语动词用复数；“theaverageof+复数名词”做主语，谓语动词用单数。[练习]（1）_________average,wereceivefiveletterseachday.（2）Thepricesarealittle_________average,butthey’reofthehighestquality.（3）写出average在句子中的词性和词义1）Scientistsbelievetheworld’saveragetemperaturehasrisenbyabout0.8℃since1990._______________2）Theboatsremainatseaforanaverageoftendaysatatime._______________3）Therewasnothingspecialaboutthemeal;itwasaverage._______________10.Remembertodrinkthroughoutexercisetomakeupforwaterlosttosweat.记住运动时全程都要喝水,以弥补流汗所造成的水分流失。【知识点一】throughout/θruːˈaʊt/(1)prep.&adv.自始至终;各处,遍及(2)常见搭配：throughoutthenight一整夜throughoutone’slife某人毕生;某人的一生中throughoutthecountry遍及全国(3)辨析：through与throughoutthrough意为"穿过;贯穿";throughout意为"在…各处;遍及",比through更强调"完全"。throughout与allthrough或者allover同义。throughouttheworld/allovertheworld/allthroughtheworld全世界【知识点二】makeupfor(1)补偿,弥补(2)与make相关的短语：makeup构成,组成;编造;创作;布置;化妆;和好,和解bemadeupof由…构成,组成makeout理解;辨清bemadeof/from由…制成(3)辨析：makeup与makeupformakeup和makeupfor都有"弥补"的意思。区别在于:makeup表示弥补耽误了的事或补上、凑齐某事物。侧重于用谎言或不实的东西掩盖。makeupfor表示用其他方式来进行弥补,使其平衡（弥补因过去某些原因而耽误的时间或对某人的亏欠）不仅仅是说"用某物去弥补某物"。[练习]（1）Ithinkit'sveryunkindofyoutomake_________storiesabouthim.（2）Herbeautycan’tmakeup_________herstupidity（[stjuːˈpɪdəti]愚蠢）.（3）Iheardthevoices,butcouldn’tmake_________whattheyweresaying.（4）医疗队由十二名医生组成。Themedicalteam____________________________________twelvedoctors.（5）好天气弥补了组织上的不足。Thegoodweather___________________________thebadorganization.【知识点三】sweat/swet/n.汗水vi.&vi.出汗,流汗sweatyadj.被汗水湿透的10.Avoidinginjury避免受伤【知识点一】injury/ˈɪndʒəri/(1)n.伤害,损伤常见搭配：dosb.aninjury伤害某人beaninjurytosb.伤害…;危害…;对…有害(2)injurev.损害;伤害(3)injuredadj.受伤的常见搭配：theinjured伤员getinjured受伤(4)辨析：易混词含义例句injury多指对身体、机能等的伤害,尤指意外事故中的"伤害"Heescapedfromthetrainwreckwithoutinjury.wound多指战斗、攻击中所造成的"伤;伤口"Thesoldierreceivedawoundintheleg.hurt普通用语,多指精神上的"创伤"Therewashurtandangerinhervoice.harm多指给人的身体或精神带来的"伤害"Hewouldneverfrightenanyoneorcausethemanyharm.[练习]（1）--Whatdidthedoctorsayaboutyour_________（injure）?--ShesaidIshouldavoiddoingtoomuchexercise.（2）车祸中小汽车司机的胳膊和腿受到严重的伤害。Thedriverofthecarreceived__________________tothearmsandlegsinthetrafficaccident.11.Topreventsofttissueinjury,makesurethatyouwearproperclothesandequipmentwhenexercising.为了防止软组织受伤,在运动时一定要穿合适的衣服并配备适当的装备。【知识点一】prevent/prɪˈvent/(1)vt.阻止,阻碍常见搭配：preventsbfromdoing…阻止某人做某事(2)preventionn.阻止【知识点二】tissue/ˈtɪʃuː/(1)n.（人、动植物细胞的）组织;（尤指用作手帕的）纸巾,手巾纸【知识点三】equipment/ɪˈkwɪpmənt/(1)n.设备[U];配备,装备常见搭配：apieceofequipment一件设备firefightingequipment消防设备officeequipment办公设备(2)equipv.装备;配备;使有知识和技能;使能够胜任常见搭配：equip…with…用…装备…;为…配备…beequippedwith…装备…;具备…equiponeselfwithsth.使自己准备好某物equipsb.for（doing）sth.使某人为（做）某事而准备equipsth.for…为…而装备某物beequippedtodo配有装备以做…well/poorlyequipped装备精良的/较差的[练习]（1）Isitapieceof_________（equip）forthekitchen?（2）Itisrequiredthatallthevehicle（[ˈviːəkl]车辆）companiesshouldequiptheircars_________safetybelts.（3）你的培训将使你能够为将来的工作做好准备。Yourtrainingwill_________you_________yourfuturejob.为了考试,请给自己准备一支锋利的铅笔和一块橡皮。Please___________________________asharppencilandarubberfortheexam.【知识点三】whenexercisingthat宾语从句中省略形式的时间状语从句,补充完整为whenyouareexercising状语从句的省略句式：一般来说,省略现象常出现在下列五种状语从句中:由when,while,as,till,until,once等引导的时间状语从句;由if,unless等引导的条件状语从句;由though,although,evenif,whatever等引导的让步状语从句;由as,than等引导的比较状语从句;由as,asif,asthough等引导的方式状语从句。上述状语从句在省略时,要遵循以下原则:①当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致且从句中含有be动词的某种形式时,可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词,这时从句中可以出现如下结构:连词+名词/形容词/介词短语连词+现在分词连词+过去分词连词+不定式E.g.Workhardwhen（youare）young,oryou’llregret.②当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致,但从句的主语是it,从句中又含有be动词的某种形式时,可以把it和be动词一起省略。E.g.If（itis）necessary,Iwillcometoseeyouofftomorrow.③掌握下列短语:ifany如果有的话;ifso如果是这样的话;ifever如果曾经有的话;ifnot如果不这样的话。E.g.Whataction,ifany,doyoutake?注意：对状语从句的省略的考查主要是让考生判断连词后面用哪种非谓语形式，解这类题的关键是要弄清楚从句中的动词与其逻辑主语(即主句的主语)之间的关系，如果是主谓关系通常要用现在分词，如果是动宾关系通常要用过去分词。[练习]（1）Theexperimentshowsthatproperamountsofexercise,if_________（carry）outregularly,canimproveourhealth.（2）--Whoshouldberesponsiblefortheaccident?--Theboss,nottheworkers.Theyjustcarriedouttheorderas_________（tell）.（3）Itsoundslikesomethingiswrongwiththecar’sengine.If_________,we’dbettertakeittothegarageimmediately.（4）Unless_________（invite）,hewillnotcomebacktothecompany.（5）Once_________（publish）,hisworkbecamefamousfortheabsenceofrhymeattheendofeachline.（6）Youshouldbecarefulwhile_________（cross）theroad.Shegavemeacomfortingsmile,nodded___________________________（当耐心地听的时候）,andthenprintedouttheticketimmediately.__________________（如果有必要）,youshouldturntoyourparentsforhelp.12.Othersworkoutforhoursattheweekendtomakeupfortheirlackofexerciseduringtheweekdays.另一些人在工作日缺乏锻炼，作为弥补，他们在周末锻炼几个小时。【知识点一】lack/læk/(1)n.缺乏；短缺；匮乏常见搭配：（a）lackof...缺乏......forlackof因缺乏…(2)vt.&vi.没有,缺乏,不足,短缺常见搭配：lack（for）nothing没有欠缺lackingadj.缺少的；不足的；不在场；得不到常见搭配：belackingin缺少（后加表示抽象概念的名词,如patience,confidence）注意：lack可作及物动词，后直接跟宾语，但通常不用于被动语态[练习]（1）Thetripwascancelledthroughlack_________interest.（2）_________（lack）inexperience,helostthejob.（3）因为没钱,这个人小时候没有上学。1）Themandidn’tgotoschoolwhenhewasyoungbecausehe___________________________（lackv.）2）Themandidn’tgotoschoolwhenhewasyoung____________________________________（lackn.）【Grammarandusage】1.WearehappytoannouncethattheCommunitySportsCentrewillsoonbeopentothepubliconceagain!我们很高兴地宣布,社区体育中心不久将再次向公众开放!【知识点一】announce/əˈnaʊns/(1)vt.宣布;宣告（决定,计划等）;通知;声称常见搭配：announcesth.（tosb.）（向某人）宣布/宣告某事Itisannouncedthat...据宣布......(2)announcementn.（一项）公告；布告；通告；宣布常见搭配：makeanannouncement发布公告(3)announcern.播音员注意：announce后不能跟双宾语，即没有announcesb.sth.结构，应用announcesth.tosb.。(4)辨析：易混词区别例句announce多指提前宣布或公开宣告大家关心的事或某事预示着……的到来Wearepleasedtoannouncethatallfivecandidatesweresuccessful.declare[dɪˈkleə(r)]一般指在正式场合宣布官方的立场或态度，后面可跟复合宾语。还有“断言，宣称”之意Theresultoftheelectionwillbedeclaredsoon.[练习]（1）An__________________（announce）willbemadesoononthebulletin（[ˈbʊlətɪn]布告）board.（2）Beforethehostess___________________________（宣布获胜者）,sheaskedtheaudiencetocalmdown.（3）____________________________________（据宣布）onlywhenthefirewasundercontrolwouldtheresidents（[ˈrezɪdənt]居民）bepermitted（[pəˈmɪt]允许）toreturntotheirhomes.（4）用announce或declare的适当形式填空1）Footsteps（脚步声）_________hisreturn.Shallwegoandmeethim?2）Thebrightflowersandwarmwinds_________thatspringishere.3）Jane_________thatshewouldratherresignthanchangeherdecision.4）Thenewswas_________byCCTV.5）Thegovernmenthas_________warondrugdealers（[ˈdrʌɡdiːlə(r)]毒品走私犯）.2.Thefinishingtouchesarenowbeingputtoanewswimmingpoolandourworkoutroomshavebeenupdatedwithmodernequipment.新的游泳池进行最后的装修,我们的健身房也已经更新了现代化的设备。【知识点一】putfinishingtouchesto(1)对…进行最后的润色或修饰【知识点二】update/ˈʌpdeɪt/(1)vt.更新；是现代化；为......提供最新的情况/信息常见搭配：updatesth.更新某物updatesb.on...为某人提供最新......(2)n.最新消息,快讯(3)与date相关的短语：outofdate过时的uptodate最新的,时髦的make/haveadatewithsb.与某人约会set/fixadate确定日期datebackto＝datefrom追溯于;始于[练习]（1）Theminister’s（[ˈmɪnɪstə(r)]大臣）advisersupdatedher_________thesituation.（2）Iknowyouwillhaveadate_________Marytonight.（3）Theseworksmustdate_________themiddleofthe7thcentury.（4）我们一有消息我就会告诉他们。Iwouldjust___________________________anynewswemighthave.（5）那本书中的许多信息现在已经过时了。Muchoftheinformationinthatbookisnow___________________________.3.Inresponsetopublicinterest,ouraerobicsclasshasbeenreplacedwithseveralfunoptions,includingmoderndance.为了满足公众的喜好,我们的有氧运动课程已经停开,取而代之的是一些有趣的课程,包括现代舞。【知识点一】response(1)n.回答;反应常见搭配：inresponseto对…作出反应;满足…的需要(2)respondvi.回答,回应;响应,作出反应常见搭配：respondto对…作出回应[练习]（1）Itwassometimebeforethedooropened_________responsetohisringingthedoorbell.（2）Likeanyotherpublicservants,thepolicemustrespond_________publicdemands.（3）这样的小组规模适中,可以使老师们照顾到每一个学生的需求。Thismodestgroupsizeallowstheteachersto__________________theneedsofeachstudent.【知识点二】aerobic/eəˈrəʊbɪk/(1)adj.有氧的;需氧的【知识点三】replace(1)vt.代替,取代;用…替换;接替;更换,更新常见搭配：replaceAwith/byB用B替换A(2)placementn.替换;更换(3)replaceableadj.可代替的;可替换的(4)与place相关的短语：taketheplaceofsb/takeone’splace代替某人;取代某人（=replace）inplaceofsb/inone’splace代替某人;取代某人[练习]（1）Johnisillandhasbeenreplacedinourteam_________Tom.（2）Butthisisn’tanexcusetouseimages_________placeoftext.（3）Who’sgoingtotake_________（he）placeafterheleaves?4.Betterstill,wewillupdateourfitnesscourseseveryfewmonthssothatmorepopularcoursescanbeincluded.更棒的是,我们将每隔几个月更新我们的健身课程，以便能涵盖更多受欢迎的课程。【知识点一】sothatsothat引导目的状语从句，"以便,为了",从句中常含有情态动词。E.g.Westartedoffearlysothatwecouldcatchthefirstbus.sothat引导结果状语从句,"因此,结果",从句中往往没有情态动词,而且主从句之间常用逗号隔开。E.g.Hewasveryhumorous,sothatwelikedhimverymuch.(3)inorderthat也可以引导目的状语从句,常与sothat互换,sothat一般不用于句首,而inorderthat可用于句首。(4)当sothat/inorderthat引导的从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致时,可将从句简化为soasto/inorderto结构。注意:soasto不能放在句首,而inorderto可以放在句首。[练习]（1）Heleftearlysothathecouldavoidthetrafficjam.同义句转换1）Heleftearly___________________________hecouldavoidthetrafficjam.2）Heleftearly___________________________avoidthetrafficjam.3）___________________________avoidthetrafficjam,heleftearly.4.Welookforwardtoseeingyouhere!我们期待在这里见到你！【知识点一】lookforwardto期望，期待词短语中的to为介词，后接名词、代词、动词-ing类似的动词短语:get/beusedto习惯于objectto反对stickto坚持devote…to献身于，致力于getdownto开始认真考虑；着手处理payattentionto注意contributeto促成，导致leadto导致；通向[练习]（1）Hewaslookingforwardto_________（work）withtheman.（2）我现在期望尽早回到工作岗位。Inowlookforwardto__________________toworkassoonaspossible.（3）时间所剩不多了,让我们开始修理这台机器吧。There’snotmuchtimeleft.Let'sgetdownto___________________________.（4）我从来没有习惯于这么晚上床睡觉。Inevergotusedto___________________________solate.【语法】现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态1、被动语态的使用场合：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要，动作承受者须强调。2、现在进行时及其被动语态：①现在进行时表示说话时正在进行或现阶段正在进行的动作。②现在进行时中主动语态的谓语为am/is/aredoing被动语态的谓语为am/is/arebeingdone。③beunder/in…+n."可用来表示现在进行时的被动含义,如isunderconstruction表示isbeingconstructed;isinpreparation表示isbeingprepared。3、现在完成时及其被动语态：①现在完成时表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与一些表示不确定的时间的状语连用,如:just,already,yet,ever,recently,lately,sofar,upto/tillnow,inthelast/pastfewdays/years等。②现在完成时表示过去已经开始,一直持续到现在（也许还会继续进行下去）的动作或状态,常与"since+时间点"或"for+时间段"等表示一段时间的状语连用。注意：谓语动词需用延续性动词③表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在已经成为一种经历,常与twice,ever,never,threetimes,before等时间状语连用。④现在完成时的常用句型Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句（从句用一般过去时）It/This/Thatisthefirst/second/…timethatsbhave/hasdone…This/That/Itis+形容词最高级+名词+定语从句（从句常用现在完成时）⑤现在完成时中主动语态的谓语为have/has+过去分词被动语态的谓语为have/hasbeen+过去分词4、不能用被动语态的几种情况①所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。②表示状态的动词,如last,hold,contain,fit,cost等。③表示归属的动词,如have,own等。④表示"希望、意图、喜好"的动词,如wish,want,hope,like,love,hate等。⑤宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态,不能用被动语态。⑥宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词等,谓语动词不用被动语态。5、主动形式表被动意义①当feel,look,smell,taste,sound等后面接形容词时;②当cut,read,sell,wear,write,wash等作为不及物动词表示主语内在"品质"或"性能"时;当动词表示"开始、结束、关、停、转、启动"等意义时。③当happen,occur,breakout,takeplace,shutoff,turnoff,workout等动词（短语）表示"发生、关闭、制定"等意思时。④want,require,need后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。⑤beworthdoing用主动形式表示被动含义。[练习]1.Mywashingmachine__________________（repair）now,soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.2.Anewcinema__________________（build）here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.3.Uptonow,thenovel__________________（translate）intomanylanguagesandisknownallovertheworld.4.Itisreportedthatmanynewhouses__________________（build）inthisarea.5.ThisisthefirsttimethatI__________________（invite）toLondon.6.Suchathinghasnever__________________（hear）ofbefore.7.Theprofessorisdelighted（[dɪˈlaɪt]高兴）tofindthattwothirdsoftheproject__________________（finish）bythestudentsindependently.8.Whenyougetthepaperback,payspecialattentiontowhat__________________（mark）.9.Theyarelivingwiththeirparentsforthemomentbecausetheirownhouse__________________（rebuild）.10.Inrecentyears,stress__________________（regard）asacauseofawholerangeofmedicalproblems,fromhighbloodpressuretomentalillness.【Integratedskills，Extendedreading，Project，Assessment，Furtherstudy】1.Cannotconcentrateatschool在校时注意力无法集中【知识点一】concentrate(1)v.集中;聚精会神;集合常见搭配：concentrateon/upon（doing）sth.专心于（做）某事concentrateone’smind/attention/energy/effortson集中某人的注意力于;集中某人的精力于(2)concentrationn.集中;专心;关注(3)其他表“专心于，集中于”的短语：focus/fixone'sattentiononputone'smindtoputone'sheartintobeabsorbedinbelostinapplyoneself/one'smindto[练习]（1）Hewasexpectedtoconcentrate_________hisstudiesandmakesomethingofhimself.（2）Ifyouapplyyourself_________thejobinhand,you’llsoonfinishit.（3）Nothingisdifficultifyouputyourheart_________it.（4）Sheisabsorbed_________music.（5）Westudentsmustconcentrateoureffortson_________（improve）ourgrades.（6）你必须专注于提高你的英语水平。Youmustconcentrateyourattentionon___________________________.2.I'vebeenfeelingabitundertheweatherrecently.我最近感觉有点不舒服。【知识点一】undertheweather(1)略有不适,不舒服2.PlusItakepartinalotofafter-schoolactivities.而且我参加了很多课外活动。【知识点一】plus/plʌs/(1)conj.而且，此外(2)prep.加；和【知识点二】takepartin(1)参加；参与(2)常见搭配：takepartin(doing)sth.参加/参与（做）某事takeanactivepartin积极地参加......takealeadingpartin在......中起带头作用(3)辨析：易混词(组)区别participatein“参加，参与”,正式用语。强调参加某一共同的活动，暗示以一种积极的态度参加attend正式用语，一般指参加/出席会议、典礼或招待会等，也可指上学、上课、听演讲或讲座等join及物动词。通常指参加某组织或团体并成为其中的一员，也可指加入到别人正在进行的动作或活动中去takepartin指参加群众性的活动，侧重于主语参加该活动并在其中发挥一定作用。part前若有修饰语，则要加不定冠词，如takeanactivepartinjoinin指参加某一活动，其宾语一般是小规模的竞赛、娱乐、谈话、讨论、聚会、游戏等名词[练习]（1）Atthattime,theproblemofwhetherweshouldtakepart_________theOlympicGamesornotarose（[əˈrəʊz]出现）.（2）Everyoneintheclassisexpectedtoparticipate_________thesediscussions.（3）Hiswifeandchildrencametojoin_________theparty.（4）Sheactivelyparticipatedinlocalpolitics.（用part改写句子）She____________________________________inlocalpolitics.（5）他们都参加了这次比赛。Theyall___________________________thecompetition.（6）因为生病他昨天没上学。Hedidn’t_________schoolyesterdaybecauseofhisillness.3.I’malsoconcernedaboutmoney.我还担心钱。【知识点一】concern(1)v.（使）担忧;涉及;关系到(2)n.担心;关心(3)concernedadj.担心的;忧虑的;感兴趣的;关注的,关切的常见搭配：asfaras…beconcerned就…而言beconcernedabout/for（＝concernoneselfabout/for）对…担心/关心beconcernedwithsb./sth.（＝concernoneselfwithsb./sth.）与某人/某事有关(4)concerningprep.关于;涉及[练习]（1）Presentatthemeetingwereheadmastersoftheschools_________（concern）.（2）Thebookismainlyconcerned_________thesituationinthatcountry.（3）ThePresidentexpressedgreatconcern_________thetrafficaccident.（4）父母关心他们孩子们的安全。Parents___________________________theirchildren’ssafety.5.Imaginejoggingalongthesamepatheverymorning,repeatingthesamemovementdayafterdayandhavingnoonetotalkto!想象一下,每天早上沿着同一条小路慢跑,日复一日地重复同样的动作,却没有人可以交谈!【知识点一】jogging/ˈdʒɒɡɪŋ/(1)n.慢跑锻炼【知识点二】havingnoonetotalkto(1)"have+宾语+todo"结构，todo是不定式做定语,have意为"有",不定式动作由主语发出,用主动形式表示被动意义。(2)havesth.done中过去分词做宾语补足语,表示被动的含义,有时也可用getsth.done来替换,该结构的意思是"使某事被做",有时翻译成"请人做某事"或"主语遭遇到某事"。(3)havesb.dosth.让某人/某物做某事,表示经常性的动作或某次具体的动作,不定式必须省略to。宾语是动作的执行者。(4)havesb./sth.doingsth.让某人一直做某事/让某物一直处于某种状态注意：havesth./sb.todo中，如果不定式所接动词是不及物动词，则其后一定要带上介词。[练习]（1）Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatrain_________（catch）.（2）DuringtheQinDynasty,tokeeptheenemyoutofhisempire,EmperorQinShihuanghadallthewalls_________（join）up.（3）Thetwomenhadthelights_________（burn）allnightlong.（4）I’llhavethegardener_________（plant）sometrees.（5）让机器一直不停地运转不是一个好主意。Itisnotagoodideato____________________________________allthetime.（6）她提醒我那天晚上我有一个会议要参加。SheremindsmethatI_____________________________________________thatevening.6.Whatwouldyoudoinmyposition?你要是碰到我这种情况会怎么做?【知识点一】position/pəˈzɪʃn/(1)n.处境;位置;姿势;观点;地位;适当的位置(2)常见搭配：in/outofposition在/不在适当的位置ina（n）...position在…...的位置/处境5.WhenmyfriendfirstsuggestedthatwejointhenewTaiChiClubatschool,Ihesitated.当我的朋友第一次建议我们加入学校新成立的太极拳俱乐部时,我犹豫了。【知识点一】suggestthat(1)suggest作"建议"讲时,后面的从句要用虚拟语气,即（should+）do;作"暗示,表明"讲时,其后的从句用陈述语气。(2)常见搭配：suggest（doing）sth.建议（做）某事suggeststh.tosb.向某人建议某事Itissuggestedthatsb.（should）dosth.人们建议某人做某事。(3)suggestionn.建议注意：advise/advice,propose/proposal,order,command,demand,require,request,insist,recommend后接的that从句谓语通常用“(should+)动词原形”。[练习]（1）It’ssuggestedthathe_________（ask）histeacherforhelp.（2）Hesuggested_________（go）outforawalk.（3）Herexpressionsuggestedthatshe_________（be）angry.（4）Isuggesthe_________（go）totherailwaystationearlierincasehemissesthetrain.（5）他的建议是我们首先说服她待在这儿。Hissuggestionisthatwe__________________hertostayherefirst.（6）命令士兵立即出发。Itisorderedthatsoldiers___________________________atonce.【知识点二】taichi(1)n.太极拳,太极【知识点三】hesitate/ˈhezɪteɪt/(1)v.犹豫,迟疑不决;顾虑,疑虑常见搭配：hesitatetodosth.迟疑做某事;不愿做某事hesitateabout/in/at/ov