课时提升作业四必修1Unit4Earthquakes含解析20210628237

四必修1Unit4Earthquakes(限时35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解AEastAfricaisexperiencingtheworstdesertlocustoutbreakindecades.Climateeventshaveacceleratedbreedingofthepestacrosstheregion,andwithasuddenriseinthelocustpopulationexpectedincomingweeks,urgentactionsandfundsareneededtopreventahumancrisis.TwentymillionpeopleinsixoftheeightEastAfricancountriesaremostaffectedbyanongoingdesertlocustoutbreakatriskofseriousfoodinsecurity.Consideredamongthemostdestructiveofmovingpests,anadultlocustcanconsume2gofplantsperday,affectingcropsandgrasslands.Agrouptypicallyholds20to150millionlocustspersquarekilometerandcanmovehundredsofkilometersperday,invadingareascoveringmillionsofsquarekilometers.Anactivegroup,therefore,candestroycropsandgrasslandswithinaveryshortperiodoftime.Thatglobalwarmingcouldincreasetheriskofdesertlocustcrisiswasproposedovertenyearsago,andinFebruary,theUNSecretary-GeneralAntónioGuterresstatedthatthecurrentoutbreakislinkedtotheeffectsofclimatechange:“warmerseasmeanmoreperfectbreedinggroundforlocusts〞.Theoutbreakhasitsoriginsin2021,whenaseriesofwindstormsintheArabianPeninsula(阿拉伯半岛)enabledthewarmandwetconditionsthedesertlocustrequirestobreedandbandundetectedinremoteregions.Thoughourfocushereismigrationwest,dreadfuloutbreaksofthedesertlocusthavebeenexperiencedtotheeast.Thesituationisgoingoutofcontrol.Arescueoperationandfinancialsupportadmitnodelay.TheFoodandAgriculturalOrganization(FAO)cantakeoutonlyUS$138millionforrapidresponseandimmediateaction—controllingthespreadofthedesertlocustandsafeguardinglivelihoods.Theysaythemathsisclear:abouthalfthefunding(资助)isneededforsupervision,groundandskycontrol,andunitingefforts;theotherhalfisneededforlivelihoodsandfoodsecurityoffarmers.Asforthehugegap,theyhavecalledontheinternationalcommunitytoactnowthroughfunding.However,bytheendofFebruary,justUS$69millionhadbeenpromised.ThismostalarmingcrisishasdevelopedandisworseninginEastAfrica.Thefundsneededtocontrolthesituationbecomeverydifficulttoachieveandthegapisabigconcern.【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了东非发生了严重的沙漠蝗虫灾害,预计在未来几周内蝗虫数量会急剧增加。粮食及农业组织呼吁国际社会立即筹集资金采取行动控制沙漠蝗虫灾害。1.WhydoesthecrisishappeninEastAfrica?A.Thereisabigpopulationthere.B.Therearelargedesertsandgrasslands.C.AfricalieswestofArabianPeninsula.D.Goodclimateforbreedingplaysarole.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段可知,东非正在经历几十年来最严重的沙漠蝗虫灾害,气候活动加速了该地区害虫的繁殖。即蝗虫危机在东非发生的原因是气候条件有利于蝗虫的繁殖。应选D。2.WhydoesthewriterlistthosefiguresinPara.2?A.Towarnoftheterribledamagebylocusts.B.Tohelpusunderstandhowlocustslive.C.Toshowhowmanylocuststherearenow.D.TodrawapictureofthepresentAfrica.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二段可知,八个东非国家中有六个国家的2000万人受持续不断的沙漠蝗虫的影响最大,面临严重的粮食不平安风险。蝗虫被认为是最具破坏力的害虫之一,一只成年蝗虫每天可以吃掉2克植物,从而影响农作物和草原。通常每平方千米的一个蝗虫群会有2000万至1.5亿只蝗虫,它们每天可以移动数百千米,入侵面积达数百万平方千米的地区。因此,移动中的蝗虫群可以在很短的时间内破坏农作物和草原。因此判断出作者在第2段中列出这些数字是为了警告人们蝗虫会造成严重的损失及破坏。3.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Thecrisisisnotnoticeduntilrecently.B.Morefundisneededtopreventthecrisis.C.Thecrisishasbeenthefocusoftheworld.D.LocustsareallfromtheArabianPeninsula.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知,对于资金的严重缺乏,粮食及农业组织呼吁国际社会立即筹款。然而,到2月底,仅筹措到6900万美元。因此我们可以推断出需要更多资金来预防危机。4.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A.KillingLocustsbeforetooLateB.GlobalWarming,aWorldProblemC.FundingGapforLocustCrisisD.Africa,aCrisis-strickenPlace【解析】选C。主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章讲述了东非发生了严重的沙漠蝗虫灾害,预计在未来几周内蝗虫数量会急剧增加。粮食及农业组织呼吁国际社会立即筹集资金采取行动控制沙漠蝗虫灾害。目前控制局势所需的资金变得非常难以实现,缺口是一个大问题。因此文章的最正确标题是C项(蝗灾危机的资金缺口)。【知识拓展】佳词积累

1.locustn.蝗虫

2.outbreak n.爆发

3.breeding n.繁殖

4.ongoing adj.仍在进行的,持续存在的

5.crisis n.危机

6.livelihood n.生计,营生

7.worsen v.恶化,变得更坏B(2021·济南模拟)WiththeundeniableincreaseingreenhouseemissionsonEarth,therecanbenodoubtthattheearthisbecomingwarmer,andscientificstudieshaveproventhatifwecarryonlivingthewaywedo,thenglobaltemperatureswillriseevenmore.Sowhatexactlydoesthismeanforthefutureofourplanet?Globalwarmingwillinfactcauseextremeweatherconditions,meaningthatourwinterswouldbeevencolderthantheyarenow.Morethanthat,warmertemperatureswillleadtothemeltingoficeinthenorthandsouthpoles,whichinturnwillleadtorisingsealevelsacrosstheglobe.Thisisparticularlytroublingforlowcoastalregionsandsomeislandcountries.In1,000yearsorso,alltheseplaceswillbefloodedunderwater.Sowherewillwebeabletolive?Unlesswecanfindawaytoevolveintomermaidsandmermen,whichdoesn’tlookpromising,theonlysolutionistomoveelsewhere.Therewillbelittlechoiceleftoncealargeproportionofthelandislosttothesea,andotherremainingplaceswillbesohotthatitwillbeabsolutelyimpossibleforustosurvive.Countriesthatweconsidertobehotthesedayswillbeevenmoresoiftemperaturesincreaseby5,10,even15degrees.Itispossible,then,thattheoncefrozenpolesoftheArcticandAntarcticawillbesuitableenoughtolivein,havingmelteditsiceandwarmedup.It’sscarytothinkofourdescendents(后代)strugglingtosurviveinavirtuallyuninhabitableworld.Perhapsifpeoplestarttorealizehowtheiractionsnowcanhavesuchanimpactonfuturegenerations,theywillchangetheirattitudeandstarttothinkmoreaboutcaringfortheenvironment.Ifnot,we’llbelivinginaworldunderwaterandwillneedtothinkofawaytoturnourselvesintomermaids!【文章大意】如果不改变我们现在的生活方式,地球温度将继续上升,导致海水上涨,低海拔地区将被淹没,其他地区也将热得无法生存,人们不得不进化成“美人鱼〞!5.Whataboutourplanetin1,000yearsaccordingtothetext?A.Therewillbemorewater.B.Winterwillbecomemild.C.Low-lyingislandswilldisappear.D.Sealevelswillriseinthepolarregions.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知,如果气温继续上升,大约1000年后,低海拔的沿海地区将被水淹没。应选C。6.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?A.Hotplacestodaywillbecomecolder.B.Humansmightevolveintomermaids.C.Fewerplaceswillbesuitabletolive.D.Theearthwillbetotallycoveredbywater.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,气候持续变暖会导致海平面上升,淹没大局部地区,适合人们居住的空间越来越小。C选项符合题意。7.Whatdoestheauthorappealtopeopletodo?A.Carefortheenvironment.B.Learntolivelikeamermaid.C.Takegoodcareofourchildren.D.Struggleforoursurvival.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段中“theywillchangetheirattitudeandstarttothinkmoreaboutcaringfortheenvironment.〞可知,作者写这篇文章主要想让人们改变态度,多考虑关心环境。A选项符合题意。8.Whichwordcandescribetheauthor’sattitudetowardsglobalwarming?A.Optimistic.B.Worried.C.Terrified. D.Unconcerned.【解析】选B。观点态度题。根据文章内容以及最后一段中“It’sscarytothinkofourdescendentsstrugglingtosurviveinavirtuallyuninhabitableworld.〞可知,作者对目前的气候变化给人类带来的灾难感到忧虑。应选B。scary作形容词,意为“使人惊慌的〞。【知识拓展】佳词积累

1.temperaturen.温度;气温

2.extreme adj.极端的

3.melt v.融化

4.particularly adv.尤其;特别地

5.absolutely adv.绝对地;完全地

6.generation n.一代;一代人

7.impact n.&v.影响Ⅱ.完形填空Manypeoplesetanacademicgoal:graduatingfromcollege.1,onewomanwaitedalongtimeto2thatgoal.Lastweek,84-year-oldJanetFeinreceivedherbachelor’s3ofsociology(社会学)fromtheUniversityofTexasatDallas.

Fein4inNewYorkCity.Inhighschool,shejustwantedto5andgetajob.After6early,attheageof16,shewenttowork.Aftergettingmarried,shespent18yearsstayinghomewithherchildren.Sheheldseveraljobsthroughoutherlife,720yearsasasecretaryataDallashospital.Butshestillwantedto8abachelorFein9aprogramthatletspeopleaged65andoldertakefreeclassesatuniversities.“WitheachclassIalready10alot,butthenIalsolearnedalot.〞Healthexpertssaycontinuingwitheducationlaterinlifeisonewaytokeep11.TheybelievekeepingactiveandgivingyourselfsomethingtolookforwardtoisaInFein’scase,shekeptgoingtoclassevenasherhealthconditions13.Sheneededtouseawalker(助步器)togetaroundandrequiredoxygen.Shealso14kneeproblems.So,Feintook15classestofinishthelastpartofherdegreerequirements.Butshenevershowed16ofgivingup.

TracyGlass,Fein’sclassmate,saidFein’spersonal17ofworldevents—likethewomen’smovement—improvedalotofclassdiscussions.TheirsociologyteacherCarolLanham18thatFeinmadetheclassroomexperiencemoremeaningfulforotherstudents.

Feinhasalso19hercaregiverReneeBrown.At53,sheplanstobeginnursingschoolto20hercareer.Feintoldher,“Renee,youcandoit.IfIcandoit,youcandoit,andyouwillfeelsogoodaboutit.〞

【文章大意】本文是记叙文,讲述了珍妮特·费恩在84岁高龄获得社会学学士学位的励志故事。1.A.However B.ThereforeC.Instead D.Moreover【解析】选A。句意:许多人都会给自己定一个学术目标:从大学毕业。然而,一位女士等待了很久才达成这一目标。前后两句是转折关系,故用However。2.A.miss B.accept C.set D.reach【解析】选D。句意:一位女士等待了很久才达成这一目标。miss错过;想念;accept接受;set放;置;reach到达。3.A.position B.applicationC.offer D.degree【解析】选D。句意:上周,84岁的珍妮特·费恩拿到了得克萨斯大学达拉斯分校的社会学学士学位。position位置,方位;application申请;offer提议;degree程度;学位。4.A.gotby B.grewupC.passedby D.tookoff【解析】选B。句意:费恩在纽约市长大。gotby通过;经过;grewup长大;passedby经过;走过;tookoff起飞。5.A.teach B.study C.finish D.retire【解析】选C。句意:她只想结束高中学业去找工作。teach教;study学习;finish完成;结束;retire退休。6.A.working B.settlingdownC.graduating D.givingup【解析】选C。句意:16岁早早毕业后,她就去工作了。working工作;settlingdown定居;安定下来;graduating毕业;givingup放弃。7.A.supposing B.regardingC.concerning D.including【解析】选D。句意:她一生中做过好几份工作,包括在达拉斯一家医院当了20年秘书。supposing假设;认为;regarding认为;把……看作;concerning涉及;关系到;including包括。8.A.earn B.makeC.check D.abandon【解析】选A。句意:但她仍然想获得一个学士学位。earn获得;make做;制造;check核对;abandon放弃。9.A.tookpartin B.wasinchargeofC.handledwith D.wasawareof【解析】选A。句意:费恩参加了一个工程,该工程允许65岁及以上的老人在公立大学免费就读。tookpartin参加;wasinchargeof掌控;handledwith处理;wasawareof意识到。10.A.paid B.knewC.considered D.forgot【解析】选B。句意:“即便已经充分了解每节课的内容,但还是能学到不少知识。〞(丰富的工作经历已经让她了解了课程的很多内容)paid支付;knew知道;了解;considered考虑;forgot忘记。11.A.awake B.calm C.fit D.quiet【解析】选C。句意:健康专家表示,晚年继续接受教育是保持健康的一种方法。awake醒着的;calm冷静的;fit健康的;quiet安静的。12.A.positive B.discouragingC.special D.difficult【解析】选A。句意:保持积极的心态并且有所期待是非常积极的一种举措。positive积极的;discouraging令人灰心的;special特别的;difficult困难的。13.A.improved B.worsenedC.strengthened D.required【解析】选B。句意:以费恩来说,即使健康状况恶化,她仍坚持上课。improved提升;worsened恶化;变得更坏;strengthened加强;required要求。根据后文可知费恩需要借助助步器行走,还需要吸氧。她的膝盖状况也不好。这说明她的健康状况恶化了。14.A.caused B.solvedC.developed D.destroyed【解析】选C。句意:她的膝盖状况不好,根据“kneeproblems〞可知费恩的膝盖也有问题。caused导致;引起;solved解决;developed患(病);出现(问题);destroyed摧毁;消灭。15.A.academic B.regularC.additional D.online【解析】选D。句意:所以费恩参加了在线课程,以完成学位要求的最后一局部课程。academic学术的;regular定期的;additional附加的、另外的;online在线的、网上的。根据前文可知费恩的身体健康状况很不好,所以为了获得学位,她应该是参加了网上课程,这样不用奔波。16.A.symbols B.significanceC.signs D.signals【解析】选C。句意:但她从未有过放弃的迹象。symbols象征;significance意义;重要性;signs迹象;signals信号。17.A.memories B.performanceC.preferences D.interest【解析】选A。memories记忆;performance表演;preferences偏爱、优先;interest兴趣。根据“84-year-oldJanetFein〞可知费恩已经84岁了,她一定经历过妇女运动等世界大事,所以这里要表达的是费恩对妇女运动等世界大事的个人记忆提高了课堂讨论的气氛。18.A.criticized B.agreedC.argued D.recommended【解析】选B。句意:她们的社会学老师卡罗尔·拉纳姆也认同费恩让课堂体验对其他学生来说更具意义。criticized批评;agreed同意;argued争论;recommended推荐。19.A.praised B.amazedC.comforted D.inspired【解析】选D。句意:费恩也鼓励了自己的护理员蕾妮·布朗。praised赞扬;amazed使惊讶;comforted抚慰;inspired鼓励;启发。20.A.start B.furtherC.change D.discover【解析】选B。句意:今年53岁的她方案进入护理学校来进一步提升自己的事业。start开始;further促进、推进;change改变;discover发现。【知识拓展】熟词生义小结

At53,sheplanstobeginnursingschooltofurtherhercareer.此处further用作动词,意为“提升〞。熟词生义在高考阅读理解和完形填空中经常出现,一个单词在不同的语境中有不同含义。平常学习多留意熟词生义,能极大减小学生的阅读困难或理解偏差。

例1(2021·全国卷Ⅰ):Ourexhibitswillfeedyourmind.(v.满足)

例2(2021·全国卷Ⅰ):Ourcaféoffersacompletemenuoflunchandsnackoptions,inadditiontoseasonalspecials.(n.特色菜)

例3(2021·全国卷Ⅱ):Wewererespectfulofcraftandfocusedondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingtoplay.(v.研究)Ⅲ.语法填空(诵读经典改编)Animalactivists1.gathered(gather)onHollywoodBoulevardwhen“RiseofthePlanetoftheApes〞2.wasshown(show)tothepubliclastmonth3.tosay(say)“Thanksfornotusingrealapes(猿)!〞tothefilmmakers,4.whousedmotion-capture(动作捕捉)technologytocreatedigitalized5.animals(animal).

Yet“Apes〞ismoreexception6.thantherule.Infact,anumberoffilmshavedrawntheangerofactivistsbecauseanimalsarenottreated7.properly(proper)inthefilms.Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthe8.treatment(treat)ofanimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtabs9.onmorethan2,000productions.Buttherearequestionsaboutthefilms10.made(make)outsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheStates.阅读填句(2021·四川模拟)AmongtheoutbreakofCOVID-19theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)hasofferedbasicprotectivemeasurestothepublicagainstthevirus.Washhandsfrequentlywithsoapandwateroruseanalcohol-basedhandrubifyourhandsarenotvisiblydirty.1

2Ifyousneezeorcoughintoyourhands,youmaycontaminate(污染;传染)objectsorpeoplethatyoutouch.Throwtissuesimmediatelyintoaclosedbinandcleanhandswithalcohol-basedhandruborsoapandwater.

Keepatleastone-meterdistancebetweenyourselfandotherpeople,particularlythosewhoarecoughing,sneezingandhaveafever,becausecoughsorsneezesofpeoplewhoareinfectedwitharespiratory(呼吸系统)diseaseproject(喷射)smalldropscontainingthevirus.3

Avoidtouchingeyes,noseandmouthbecausehandstouchmanysurfaces,whichcanbecontaminatedwiththevirus.Ifyoutouchyoureyes,noseormouthwithyourcontaminatedhands,youcantransferthevirusfromthesurfacetoyourself.Tellyourhealthcareproviderifyouhavetraveledinanareawheretheepidemic(流行病)hasbeenreported,orifyouhavebeeninclosecontactwithsomeonewhohasrespiratorysympto