William Blake威廉布莱克及作品英国文学家课件

18-centurypoetry:1.inthefirsthalfofthe18thcentury:neoclassicalpoetry

2.bythemiddleofthe18thcentury:

sentimentalism3.

inthelatterhalfofthe18thcentury:romanticism

WilliamBlake威廉布莱克及作品英国文学家Pre-Romanticism

Inthelatterhalfofthe18thcentury,anewliterarymovementaroseinEurope,calledtheRomanticRevival.astrongprotestagainstthebondageofClassicism,arecognitionoftheclaimsofpassionandemotion,byarenewedinterestinmedievalliterature.InEngland,thismovementshoweditselfinthetrendofPre-Romanticisminpoetry.WilliamBlakeandRobertBurnsaretherepresentatives.WilliamBlake威廉布莱克及作品英国文学家AuguriesofInnocence(brief)ToseeaWorldinaGrainofSand，AndaHeaveninaWildFlower，HoldInfinityinthepalmofyourhand，AndEternityinanhour.一沙一世界，一花一天堂。

无限掌中置，刹那成永恒。

——徐志摩（译）WilliamBlake威廉布莱克及作品英国文学家

佛曰：一花一世界，一草一天堂，一叶一如来，一砂一极乐，一方一净土，一笑一尘缘，一念一清静。这一切都是一种心境。心若无物就可以一花一世界，一草一天堂。参透这些，一花一草便是整个世界，而整个世界也便空如花草。WilliamBlake威廉布莱克及作品英国文学家“TheLamb”WilliamBlake威廉布莱克及作品英国文学家WilliamBlake’s

“TheLamb”(Ⅰ)LittleLamb,whomadethee?Dostthouknowwhomadethee?Gavetheelife,andbidtheefeed,Bythestreamando'erthemead;Gavetheeclothingofdelight,Softestclothing,woolly,bright;

小羊羔，谁创造了你？

你知道是谁创造了你？

给你生命，把你喂养

在溪流旁的草场；

给你柔软，发亮

毛绒绒的衣裳；

WilliamBlake威廉布莱克及作品英国文学家Gavetheesuchatendervoice,Makingallthevalesrejoice?LittleLamb,whomadethee?Dostthouknowwhomadethee?给你这样柔美的声音，

使所有的山谷都欢畅？

小羊羔，谁创造了你？

你知道是谁创造了你？WilliamBlake威廉布莱克及作品英国文学家WilliamBlake威廉布莱克及作品英国文学家Thelamb(Ⅱ)LittleLamb,I'lltellthee,

LittleLamb,I'lltellthee.

Heiscalledbythyname,

ForHecallsHimselfaLamb.

Heismeek,andHeismild;

Hebecamealittlechild.

小羊羔，我告诉你，

小羊羔，我告诉你。

他就叫你的名字，

因为他就把自己称羔羊。

他温柔而谦恭，

变成了一个孩童。

WilliamBlake威廉布莱克及作品英国文学家Iachild,andthoualamb,

WearecalledbyHisname.

LittleLamb,Godblessthee!

LittleLamb,Godblessthee!我是个孩子，你是只羔羊，

我们都叫他的名字。

小羊羔，上帝保佑你！

小羊羔，上帝保佑你！

WilliamBlake威廉布莱克及作品英国文学家Questions

1.Doesthispoemdescribealamborthemindofthechildwhoisspeakingtothelamb?WhatistherelationofthelambandthechildtoGod?2.WhatdoesLambstandfor?WilliamBlake威廉布莱克及作品英国文学家“TheTiger”WilliamBlake威廉布莱克及作品英国文学家TheTyger/老虎(I)

（郭沫若译）Tyger!Tyger!BurningbrightIntheforestsofthenight,WhatimmortalhandoreyeCouldframethyfearfulsymmetry?InwhatdistantdeepsorskiesBurntthefireofthineeyes?Onwhatwingsdareheaspires?Whatthehanddareseizethefire?Andwhatshoulder,&whatart,Couldtwistthesinewsofthyheart?Andwhenthyheartbegantobeat,Whatdreadhand?andwhatdreadfeet?老虎！老虎！黑夜的森林中燃烧着的煌煌的火光，是怎样的神手或天眼造出了你这样的威武堂堂？你炯炯的两眼中的火燃烧在多远的天空或深渊？他乘着怎样的翅膀搏击？用怎样的手夺来火焰？又是怎样的膂力，怎样的技巧，把你的心脏的筋肉捏成？当你的心脏开始搏动时，使用怎样猛的手腕和脚胫？WilliamBlake威廉布莱克及作品英国文学家TheTyger/老虎(II)

Whatthehammer?Whatthechain?Inwhatfurnacewasthybrain?Whatheanvil?WhatdreadgraspDareitsdeadlyterrorsclasp?Whenthestarsthrewdowntheirspears,Andwater’dheavenwiththeirtears,Didhesmilehisworktosee?DidhewhomadetheLambmakethee?Tiger!Tiger!BurningbrightIntheforestsofthenight,Whatimmortalhandoreye,Dareframethyfearfulsymmetry?是怎样的槌？怎样的链子？在怎样的熔炉中炼成你的脑筋？是怎样的铁砧？怎样的铁臂敢于捉着这可怖的凶神？群星投下了他们的投枪。用它们的眼泪润湿了穹苍，他是否微笑着欣赏他的作品？他创造了你，也创造了羔羊？老虎！老虎！黑夜的森林中燃烧着的煌煌的火光，是怎样的神手或天眼造出了你这样的威武堂堂？WilliamBlake威廉布莱克及作品英国文学家meterThepoemisintrochaictetrameterwithcatalexisattheendofeachline.TrochaicFoot:Apairofsyllables--astressedsyllablefollowedbyanunstressedsyllable.

TetrameterLine:apoetrylineusuallywitheightsyllables.

WilliamBlake威廉布莱克及作品英国文学家Catalexis:Theabsenceofasyllableinthefinalfootinaline.InBlake'spoem,anunstressedsyllableisabsentinthelastfootofeachline.Thus,everylinehassevensyllables,nottheconventionaleight.

.....1...........2...............3..................4

TIger,..|..TIger,..|..BURNing..|..BRIGHT

.....1..............2...............3...............4

INthe..|..FORests..|..OFthe..|..NIGHTWilliamBlake威廉布莱克及作品英国文学家summaryThepoembeginswiththespeakeraskingafearsometigerwhatkindofdivinebeingcouldhavecreatedit:“Whatimmortalhandoreye/Couldframetheyfearfulsymmetry?”

Eachsubsequentstanzacontainsfurtherquestions,allofwhichrefinethisfirstone.WilliamBlake威廉布莱克及作品英国文学家Fromwhatpartofthecosmoscouldthetiger’sfieryeyeshavecome,andwhowouldhavedaredtohandlethatfire?Whatsortofphysicalpresence,andwhatkindofcraftsmanship,wouldhavebeenrequiredto“twistthesinews”ofthetiger’sheart?Thespeakerwondershow,oncethathorribleheart“begantobeat,”itscreatorwouldhavehadthecouragetocontinuethejob.WilliamBlake威廉布莱克及作品英国文学家Comparingthecreatortoablacksmith,hepondersabouttheanvilandthefurnacethattheprojectwouldhaverequiredandthesmithwhocouldhavewieldedthem.whenthejobwasdone,thespeakerwonders,howwouldthecreatorhavefelt?“Didhesmilehisworktosee?”Couldthispossiblybethesamebeingwhomadethelamb?WilliamBlake威廉布莱克及作品英国文学家QuestionsfordiscussionWhatpartsofthetigerhavebeendescribedinthepoem?Isitarealisticdescriptionofthetiger?Whatisthesymbolicmeaningofthetiger?WhydoesthepoetmentiontheLamb?DoyouthinkboththelambandtheTigercanilluminateeachother?WilliamBlake威廉布莱克及作品英国文学家Comparison

TheLambandTheTygerWilliamBlake威廉布莱克及作品英国文学家COMPARISON/JUXTAPOSITION*Botharecreationpoems*StructureWilliamBlake威廉布莱克及作品英国文学家It’sinterestingthattheendrhymeschemeforbothpoemshavemuchsimilarity.Bothpoemsemployendrhymeswith“ee”soundsor“ight”sounds.Manyconsidert