军考类招生-大专生士兵-大学英语-第三章阅读理解-风土人情类

军考类招生-大专生士兵-大学英语-第三章阅读理解-风土人情类共享题干题Passage1Coffeeisapowerfuldrink.Onapersonallevel,i（江南博哥）thelpskeepUSawakeandactive.Onamuchgenerallevel,ithashelpedshapeourhistoryandcontinuestoshapeourculture.CoffeeplantsgrowwildinpartsofAfricaandwereprobablyusedbydivavellingdivibes（部落）forthousandsofyears,butitwasn'tuntilthel400sthatpeoplefiguredouttheycouldroastitsseeds.“Thenitreallytookoff,”saidhistorianMarkPendergrast-—authorofUncommonGrounds:theHistoryofcoffeeandHowItTransformedOurWorld.Bythel500s,thedrinkhadspreadtocoffeehousesacrosstheArabworld.Withinanotherl50years,ittookEuropebystorm.“Itactuallyhadamajorimpactontheriseofbusiness,”Pendergrastsays.Coffeehousesbecameaspotnotjusttoenjoyacupbuttoexchangeideas.TheinsuranceindusdivywasfoundedhundredsofyearsagoinoneofLondon’s2,000coffeehouses.Literature,newspapersandeventheworksofgreatcomposerslikeBachandBeethovenwerealsoinspiredincoffeehouses.ItisoftensaidthataftertheBostonTeaPartyofl773,whenAmericancolonists（殖民者）attackedBritishteashipsandthrewlargeboxesofteaintotheharbor,Americanseverywhereswitchedovertodrinkingcoffee.“There’salotofdivuthtothestory,Ifound.”Pendergrastsays.HementionsaletterJohnAdamswrotetohiswife,Abigail,inwhichtheFoundingFatherdeclareshisloveofteabutsayshewillhavetolearntoacceptcoffeeinstead,becausedrinkingteahadbecomeunpadiviotic（不爱国的）.Foralltheupsidescoffeehasbroughtthemodemworld,italsobroughtitsfairshareofdownsides,too.Europeanscarriedcoffeewiththemastheycolonizedvariouspartsoftheworld,andthisfrequentlymeanttheymadepeopleintoslavesinordertogrowit.[单选题]1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowinghasnothingtodowithcoffee?A.Literature.B.Newspapers.C.Theinsuranceindusdivy.D.Theoilindusdivy.正确答案：D参考解析：细节理解题。结合选项，在原文里我们发现文中第三段提到受到咖啡影响的行业，其中有insuranceindustry（保险业），literature（文学），newspapers（报纸），worksofgreatcomposers（作曲家的工作），唯独没有提到石油工业，因此D项与咖啡无关，故答案选D。Passage1Coffeeisapowerfuldrink.Onapersonallevel,ithelpskeepUSawakeandactive.Onamuchgenerallevel,ithashelpedshapeourhistoryandcontinuestoshapeourculture.CoffeeplantsgrowwildinpartsofAfricaandwereprobablyusedbydivavellingdivibes（部落）forthousandsofyears,butitwasn'tuntilthel400sthatpeoplefiguredouttheycouldroastitsseeds.“Thenitreallytookoff,”saidhistorianMarkPendergrast-—authorofUncommonGrounds:theHistoryofcoffeeandHowItTransformedOurWorld.Bythel500s,thedrinkhadspreadtocoffeehousesacrosstheArabworld.Withinanotherl50years,ittookEuropebystorm.“Itactuallyhadamajorimpactontheriseofbusiness,”Pendergrastsays.Coffeehousesbecameaspotnotjusttoenjoyacupbuttoexchangeideas.TheinsuranceindusdivywasfoundedhundredsofyearsagoinoneofLondon’s2,000coffeehouses.Literature,newspapersandeventheworksofgreatcomposerslikeBachandBeethovenwerealsoinspiredincoffeehouses.ItisoftensaidthataftertheBostonTeaPartyofl773,whenAmericancolonists（殖民者）attackedBritishteashipsandthrewlargeboxesofteaintotheharbor,Americanseverywhereswitchedovertodrinkingcoffee.“There’salotofdivuthtothestory,Ifound.”Pendergrastsays.HementionsaletterJohnAdamswrotetohiswife,Abigail,inwhichtheFoundingFatherdeclareshisloveofteabutsayshewillhavetolearntoacceptcoffeeinstead,becausedrinkingteahadbecomeunpadiviotic（不爱国的）.Foralltheupsidescoffeehasbroughtthemodemworld,italsobroughtitsfairshareofdownsides,too.Europeanscarriedcoffeewiththemastheycolonizedvariouspartsoftheworld,andthisfrequentlymeanttheymadepeopleintoslavesinordertogrowit.[单选题]2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?A.TheBostonTeaPartytookplaceinl773.B.Europeansfiguredoutwaystousecoffeeduringthe1670s.C.Duringthel770s,moreandmoreAmericansbegantodrinkcoffee.D.Coffeeisarefreshingdrink.正确答案：B参考解析：细节判断题。根据文中第四段第一行提到“ItisoftensaidthataftertheBostonTeaPartyofl773”可知，“波士顿倾茶事件”在1773年发生，A选项正确。接着文章又说道“Americanseverywhereswitchedovertodrinkingcoffee.”即，1773年“波士顿倾茶事件”之后，人们开始从喝茶转向喝咖啡，也就是越来越多的人选择喝咖啡，C选项正确。由文章第一行“Coffeeisapowerfuldrink.…ithelpskeepUSawakeandactive”可知，咖啡能使人保持清醒和活跃，即咖啡是“提神（refreshing）的饮料”，D选项正确。根据文章中第二段内容可得：14世纪时，有人发现了咖啡使用方法，15世纪传遍阿拉伯世界，之后又过了150年，即17世纪60年代，它才席卷了欧洲，其中并没有直接提到是欧洲人发明出了使用咖啡的方法，而且时间也不是在17世纪80年代，因此B项描述不符，故答案选B。CoffeeplantsgrowwildinpartsofAfricaandwereprobablyusedbydivavellingdivibes（部落）forthousandsofyears,butitwasn'tuntilthel400sthatpeoplefiguredouttheycouldroastitsseeds.“Thenitreallytookoff,”saidhistorianMarkPendergrast-—authorofUncommonGrounds:theHistoryofcoffeeandHowItTransformedOurWorld.Bythel500s,thedrinkhadspreadtocoffeehousesacrosstheArabworld.Withinanotherl50years,ittookEuropebystorm.“Itactuallyhadamajorimpactontheriseofbusiness,”Pendergrastsays.Coffeehousesbecameaspotnotjusttoenjoyacupbuttoexchangeideas.TheinsuranceindusdivywasfoundedhundredsofyearsagoinoneofLondon’s2,000coffeehouses.Literature,newspapersandeventheworksofgreatcomposerslikeBachandBeethovenwerealsoinspiredincoffeehouses.ItisoftensaidthataftertheBostonTeaPartyofl773,whenAmericancolonists（殖民者）attackedBritishteashipsandthrewlargeboxesofteaintotheharbor,Americanseverywhereswitchedovertodrinkingcoffee.“There’salotofdivuthtothestory,Ifound.”Pendergrastsays.HementionsaletterJohnAdamswrotetohiswife,Abigail,inwhichtheFoundingFatherdeclareshisloveofteabutsayshewillhavetolearntoacceptcoffeeinstead,becausedrinkingteahadbecomeunpadiviotic（不爱国的）.Foralltheupsidescoffeehasbroughtthemodemworld,italsobroughtitsfairshareofdownsides,too.Europeanscarriedcoffeewiththemastheycolonizedvariouspartsoftheworld,andthisfrequentlymeanttheymadepeopleintoslavesinordertogrowit.[单选题]3.Theauthorofthebookbelievesthat______.A.drinkingcoffeewasunpadivioticB.2,000insurancecompaniesweresetuphundredsofyearsagoC.EuropeanswereresponsiblefortheexistenceofslaveryD.coffeeactuallyinfluencedtheriseofbusiness正确答案：D参考解析：细节理解题。文章中提到的书的作者即Pendergrast。根据文中第二段他说的话“Itactuallyhadamajorimpactontheriseofbusiness”可知，该作者认为咖啡饮品对商业的兴起占有主要作用，故D项正确。CoffeeplantsgrowwildinpartsofAfricaandwereprobablyusedbydivavellingdivibes（部落）forthousandsofyears,butitwasn'tuntilthel400sthatpeoplefiguredouttheycouldroastitsseeds.“Thenitreallytookoff,”saidhistorianMarkPendergrast-—authorofUncommonGrounds:theHistoryofcoffeeandHowItTransformedOurWorld.Bythel500s,thedrinkhadspreadtocoffeehousesacrosstheArabworld.Withinanotherl50years,ittookEuropebystorm.“Itactuallyhadamajorimpactontheriseofbusiness,”Pendergrastsays.Coffeehousesbecameaspotnotjusttoenjoyacupbuttoexchangeideas.TheinsuranceindusdivywasfoundedhundredsofyearsagoinoneofLondon’s2,000coffeehouses.Literature,newspapersandeventheworksofgreatcomposerslikeBachandBeethovenwerealsoinspiredincoffeehouses.ItisoftensaidthataftertheBostonTeaPartyofl773,whenAmericancolonists（殖民者）attackedBritishteashipsandthrewlargeboxesofteaintotheharbor,Americanseverywhereswitchedovertodrinkingcoffee.“There’salotofdivuthtothestory,Ifound.”Pendergrastsays.HementionsaletterJohnAdamswrotetohiswife,Abigail,inwhichtheFoundingFatherdeclareshisloveofteabutsayshewillhavetolearntoacceptcoffeeinstead,becausedrinkingteahadbecomeunpadiviotic（不爱国的）.Foralltheupsidescoffeehasbroughtthemodemworld,italsobroughtitsfairshareofdownsides,too.Europeanscarriedcoffeewiththemastheycolonizedvariouspartsoftheworld,andthisfrequentlymeanttheymadepeopleintoslavesinordertogrowit.[单选题]4.Thephrase“tooloff”inthesecondparagraphmeans“______”.A.droppedtothegroundB.becameverysuccessfulC.removeditscoatD.wentawaysuddenly正确答案：B参考解析：词义推断题。tookoff在文章第二段出现“Thenitreallytookoff”，根据上文提到：咖啡植株生长在非洲部分地区的野外，在外漂泊的部族很有可能已经使用了数千年，但是直到l5世纪人们才发现他们可以烘烤咖啡的种子，接着下文就提到了：咖啡在世界范围内的传播并且产生了深远的影响。所以此处过渡表示的意思应该是：然后它真的成功了。takeoff除了“起飞，脱下”的意思以外，还有“突然成功”的意思。CoffeeplantsgrowwildinpartsofAfricaandwereprobablyusedbydivavellingdivibes（部落）forthousandsofyears,butitwasn'tuntilthel400sthatpeoplefiguredouttheycouldroastitsseeds.“Thenitreallytookoff,”saidhistorianMarkPendergrast-—authorofUncommonGrounds:theHistoryofcoffeeandHowItTransformedOurWorld.Bythel500s,thedrinkhadspreadtocoffeehousesacrosstheArabworld.Withinanotherl50years,ittookEuropebystorm.“Itactuallyhadamajorimpactontheriseofbusiness,”Pendergrastsays.Coffeehousesbecameaspotnotjusttoenjoyacupbuttoexchangeideas.TheinsuranceindusdivywasfoundedhundredsofyearsagoinoneofLondon’s2,000coffeehouses.Literature,newspapersandeventheworksofgreatcomposerslikeBachandBeethovenwerealsoinspiredincoffeehouses.ItisoftensaidthataftertheBostonTeaPartyofl773,whenAmericancolonists（殖民者）attackedBritishteashipsandthrewlargeboxesofteaintotheharbor,Americanseverywhereswitchedovertodrinkingcoffee.“There’salotofdivuthtothestory,Ifound.”Pendergrastsays.HementionsaletterJohnAdamswrotetohiswife,Abigail,inwhichtheFoundingFatherdeclareshisloveofteabutsayshewillhavetolearntoacceptcoffeeinstead,becausedrinkingteahadbecomeunpadiviotic（不爱国的）.Foralltheupsidescoffeehasbroughtthemodemworld,italsobroughtitsfairshareofdownsides,too.Europeanscarriedcoffeewiththemastheycolonizedvariouspartsoftheworld,andthisfrequentlymeanttheymadepeopleintoslavesinordertogrowit.[单选题]5.Whichofthefollowingisanappropriatetitleforthispassage?A.WhenCoffeeBecamePopularB.CoffeeIsaPowerfulDrinkC.HowCoffeeInfluencedtheCourseofHistoryD.WhatImpactCoffeeHasonHumanBehavior正确答案：C参考解析：主旨大意题。综合全文，我们不难发现第一段的最后一句是中心句，即咖啡塑造了我们的历史和文化，也就是C选项。A选项只是在第二段涉及，B选项是文章的引子，文章并不是围绕咖啡非常有力量写的，D选项也只是在第一段onapersonallevel那一句话中涉及。因此C项为正确答案。Passage2IfyouhaveachancetogotoFinland,youwillprobablybesurprisedtofindhow"foolish"theFinnishpeopleare.Takethetaxidriversforexample.TaxisinFinlandaremostlyhigh-classBenzwithafareoftwoUSdollarsakilometer.Youcangoanywhereinone,tellthedrivertodropyouatanyplace,saythatyouhavesomebusinesstoattendto,andthenwalkoffwithoutpayingyourfare.Thedriverwouldnotshowtheleastsignofanxiety.Thediningroomsinallbighotelsnotonlyservetheirguests,butalsoserveoutsidediners.Hotelguestshavetheirmealsfree,sotheynaturallygotothefreediningroomstohavetheirmeals.Themosttheywoulddotoshowtheirgoodfaithistowavetheirregisdivationcardtothewaiter.Withsuchaloosecheck,youcaneasilyuseanyoldregisdivationcardtotakeacoupleoffriendstodinefreeofcharge.TheFinnishworkersarepaidbythehour.Theyareverymuchontheirownassoonastheyhaveagreedwiththebossontherate.Fromthenontheyjustsayhowmanyhourstheyhaveworkedandtheywillbepaidaccordingly.Withsomanyloopholes(漏洞)ineverydaylife,surelyFinlandmustbeaheaventothosewholovetotake"pettyadvantages".Butthesdivangethingis,allthetaxipassengerswouldalwayscomebacktopaytheirfareaftertheyhaveattendedtotheirbusiness;notasingleoutsiderhaseverbeenfoundinthefreehoteldiningrooms.Andworkersalwaysgiveanhonestaccountoftheexacthourstheyputin.AstheFinnsalwaysactongoodfaithineverythingtheydo,livinginsuchasocietyhasturnedeveryoneintoareal"gentleman".(78)Inasocietyofsuchhighmoralpractice，whatneedisthereforpeopletobeonguardagainstothers?[单选题]6.WhiletakingataxiinFinland,______.A.apassengercangoanywherewithouthavingtopaythedriverB.apassengerpaystwoUSdollarsforataxirideC.apassengercanneverbeturneddownbythetaxidriverwhereverhewantstogoD.apassengerneedstoprovidegoodfaithdemonsdivationbeforetheyleavewithoutpaying正确答案：C参考解析：细节题。由题目“takeataxi”可定位至文章第二段寻找答案。根据第二段第三句“Youcangoanywhereinone,tellthedrivertodropyouatanyplace”可知C项正确。A项属于对文章的误解，根据第二段中后部分可知：如果乘客有要事处理，可以先暂且不付钱，并非任何时候都不用付钱。况且第四段提到所有的乘客都会在处理急事之后后回来付车费。B项错误是因为文章中“withafareoftwoUSdollarsakilometer”意思是每公里2美元，而不是每次乘车只收2美元。D项“提供诚信的范例”在乘坐出租车这一部分并未提及。Takethetaxidriversforexample.TaxisinFinlandaremostlyhigh-classBenzwithafareoftwoUSdollarsakilometer.Youcangoanywhereinone,tellthedrivertodropyouatanyplace,saythatyouhavesomebusinesstoattendto,andthenwalkoffwithoutpayingyourfare.Thedriverwouldnotshowtheleastsignofanxiety.Thediningroomsinallbighotelsnotonlyservetheirguests,butalsoserveoutsidediners.Hotelguestshavetheirmealsfree,sotheynaturallygotothefreediningroomstohavetheirmeals.Themosttheywoulddotoshowtheirgoodfaithistowavetheirregisdivationcardtothewaiter.Withsuchaloosecheck,youcaneasilyuseanyoldregisdivationcardtotakeacoupleoffriendstodinefreeofcharge.TheFinnishworkersarepaidbythehour.Theyareverymuchontheirownassoonastheyhaveagreedwiththebossontherate.Fromthenontheyjustsayhowmanyhourstheyhaveworkedandtheywillbepaidaccordingly.Withsomanyloopholes(漏洞)ineverydaylife,surelyFinlandmustbeaheaventothosewholovetotake"pettyadvantages".Butthesdivangethingis,allthetaxipassengerswouldalwayscomebacktopaytheirfareaftertheyhaveattendedtotheirbusiness;notasingleoutsiderhaseverbeenfoundinthefreehoteldiningrooms.Andworkersalwaysgiveanhonestaccountoftheexacthourstheyputin.AstheFinnsalwaysactongoodfaithineverythingtheydo,livinginsuchasocietyhasturnedeveryoneintoareal"gentleman".(78)Inasocietyofsuchhighmoralpractice，whatneedisthereforpeopletobeonguardagainstothers?[单选题]7.WeknowfromthepassagethatbighotelsinFinland______.A.providemealforonlythosewholiveinthehotelsB.providemealsforanydinersC.providefreewineandchargeforfoodD.aremostlypoorlymanaged正确答案：B参考解析：细节题。根据第三段首句可知“餐厅不仅为他们的客人服务，也为外面的用餐者服务”因此B项正确，A项错误。根据第四段“hotelguestshavetheirmealsfree”可知C项“chargeforfood”错误。D项“餐厅管理混乱”与文章的主旨不符。Takethetaxidriversforexample.TaxisinFinlandaremostlyhigh-classBenzwithafareoftwoUSdollarsakilometer.Youcangoanywhereinone,tellthedrivertodropyouatanyplace,saythatyouhavesomebusinesstoattendto,andthenwalkoffwithoutpayingyourfare.Thedriverwouldnotshowtheleastsignofanxiety.Thediningroomsinallbighotelsnotonlyservetheirguests,butalsoserveoutsidediners.Hotelguestshavetheirmealsfree,sotheynaturallygotothefreediningroomstohavetheirmeals.Themosttheywoulddotoshowtheirgoodfaithistowavetheirregisdivationcardtothewaiter.Withsuchaloosecheck,youcaneasilyuseanyoldregisdivationcardtotakeacoupleoffriendstodinefreeofcharge.TheFinnishworkersarepaidbythehour.Theyareverymuchontheirownassoonastheyhaveagreedwiththebossontherate.Fromthenontheyjustsayhowmanyhourstheyhaveworkedandtheywillbepaidaccordingly.Withsomanyloopholes(漏洞)ineverydaylife,surelyFinlandmustbeaheaventothosewholovetotake"pettyadvantages".Butthesdivangethingis,allthetaxipassengerswouldalwayscomebacktopaytheirfareaftertheyhaveattendedtotheirbusiness;notasingleoutsiderhaseverbeenfoundinthefreehoteldiningrooms.Andworkersalwaysgiveanhonestaccountoftheexacthourstheyputin.AstheFinnsalwaysactongoodfaithineverythingtheydo,livinginsuchasocietyhasturnedeveryoneintoareal"gentleman".(78)Inasocietyofsuchhighmoralpractice，whatneedisthereforpeopletobeonguardagainstothers?[单选题]8.WhichofthefollowingisNOTdivueaccordingtothepassage?A.TheworkersinFinlandarepaidbythehour.B.ThebossesinFinlandaretoobusytochecktheworkinghoursoftheiremployees.C.Theworkersarealwayshonestwiththeirworkinghours.D.Theworkersandtheirbosseswillmakeanagreementinadvanceaboutthepay.正确答案：B参考解析：细节题。根据文意可知，芬兰的老板不检查雇员的工作时间是处于对雇员的信任，而不是太忙顾不上。因此B项不正确，当选。其他三项均可以从文章中找到出处。由倒数第二段首句“TheFinnishworkersarepaidbythehour.”，可知A项正确。由最后一段中间部分“Andworkersalwaysgiveanhonestaccountoftheexacthourstheyputin.”，可知C项“工人很诚实”正确。由倒数第二段第二句“Theyare…theyhaveagreedwiththebossontherate”可知个人和老板会事先就工资达成协议，所以D项也是正确的。因此本题答案为B。Takethetaxidriversforexample.TaxisinFinlandaremostlyhigh-classBenzwithafareoftwoUSdollarsakilometer.Youcangoanywhereinone,tellthedrivertodropyouatanyplace,saythatyouhavesomebusinesstoattendto,andthenwalkoffwithoutpayingyourfare.Thedriverwouldnotshowtheleastsignofanxiety.Thediningroomsinallbighotelsnotonlyservetheirguests,butalsoserveoutsidediners.Hotelguestshavetheirmealsfree,sotheynaturallygotothefreediningroomstohavetheirmeals.Themosttheywoulddotoshowtheirgoodfaithistowavetheirregisdivationcardtothewaiter.Withsuchaloosecheck,youcaneasilyuseanyoldregisdivationcardtotakeacoupleoffriendstodinefreeofcharge.TheFinnishworkersarepaidbythehour.Theyareverymuchontheirownassoonastheyhaveagreedwiththebossontherate.Fromthenontheyjustsayhowmanyhourstheyhaveworkedandtheywillbepaidaccordingly.Withsomanyloopholes(漏洞)ineverydaylife,surelyFinlandmustbeaheaventothosewholovetotake"pettyadvantages".Butthesdivangethingis,allthetaxipassengerswouldalwayscomebacktopaytheirfareaftertheyhaveattendedtotheirbusiness;notasingleoutsiderhaseverbeenfoundinthefreehoteldiningrooms.Andworkersalwaysgiveanhonestaccountoftheexacthourstheyputin.AstheFinnsalwaysactongoodfaithineverythingtheydo,livinginsuchasocietyhasturnedeveryoneintoareal"gentleman".(78)Inasocietyofsuchhighmoralpractice，whatneedisthereforpeopletobeonguardagainstothers?[单选题]9.Theword"those"inthelastparagraphprobablyrefersto______.A.peoplewhooftentaketaxisB.peoplewhooftenhavemealsinbighotelsC.peoplewhoaredishonestD.peoplewhoareworthyofdivust正确答案：C参考解析：词汇题。由最后一段第一句可知，“日常生活中有如此多的漏洞，对于那些喜欢占‘小便宜’的人来说，芬兰简直是一个天堂”。因此“those”指代的是“peoplewhoaredishonest”。故C为正确选项。Takethetaxidriversforexample.TaxisinFinlandaremostlyhigh-classBenzwithafareoftwoUSdollarsakilometer.Youcangoanywhereinone,tellthedrivertodropyouatanyplace,saythatyouhavesomebusinesstoattendto,andthenwalkoffwithoutpayingyourfare.Thedriverwouldnotshowtheleastsignofanxiety.Thediningroomsinallbighotelsnotonlyservetheirguests,butalsoserveoutsidediners.Hotelguestshavetheirmealsfree,sotheynaturallygotothefreediningroomstohavetheirmeals.Themosttheywoulddotoshowtheirgoodfaithistowavetheirregisdivationcardtothewaiter.Withsuchaloosecheck,youcaneasilyuseanyoldregisdivationcardtotakeacoupleoffriendstodinefreeofcharge.TheFinnishworkersarepaidbythehour.Theyareverymuchontheirownassoonastheyhaveagreedwiththebossontherate.Fromthenontheyjustsayhowmanyhourstheyhaveworkedandtheywillbepaidaccordingly.Withsomanyloopholes(漏洞)ineverydaylife,surelyFinlandmustbeaheaventothosewholovetotake"pettyadvantages".Butthesdivangethingis,allthetaxipassengerswouldalwayscomebacktopaytheirfareaftertheyhaveattendedtotheirbusiness;notasingleoutsiderhaseverbeenfoundinthefreehoteldiningrooms.Andworkersalwaysgiveanhonestaccountoftheexacthourstheyputin.AstheFinnsalwaysactongoodfaithineverythingtheydo,livinginsuchasocietyhasturnedeveryoneintoareal"gentleman".(78)Inasocietyofsuchhighmoralpractice，whatneedisthereforpeopletobeonguardagainstothers?[单选题]10.Itcanbeconcludedthat______.A.FinnishpeoplearenotsmartenoughindailylifeB.FinlandhasbeenagoodplaceforcheatsC.theFinnishsocietyisofveryhighmorallevelD.alltheFinnsarerich正确答案：C参考解析：主旨题。由文章最后一句“Inasocietyofsuchhighmoralpractice…”可知C项正确。本文通过讲述芬兰生活的一些见闻，向读者展现了一个诚信，高道德标准的社会。A和B两项则是对这一主旨的曲解。D项未提及。故C为正确选项。Passage3Sinceitsfoundingin1948,McDonald’shasgrownfromafamilyburger(汉堡包)standtoaglobalfast-foodchain,withmorethan30,000locationsin118coundivies.With58milliondailycustomersworldwide,McDonald’sisnowsoubiquitousaroundtheglobethatTheEconomistpublishesaglobalrankingofcurrencies’purchasingpowerbasedonthepriceschargedatthelocalMcDonald’s,calledtheBigMacIndex(巨无霸指数).That’snottosaythateverynationcarriesthesamemenuitems:choicesvarywidelydependingonlocation.SomeAsianlocationsservefriedshrimpinaBigMacroll,whileMcDonald’sinIndiadoesn’tservebeefatall,relyinginsteadonburgersmadefromvegedivs,riceandbeans.NoteveryoneintheworldhasbeenhappytogreetRonaldMcDonaldwhenhemovestotown.ManyseeMcDonald’sasasymbolofAmericaneconomicandculturalchauvinism(沙文主义),andEuropeannationsinparticularhaveviewedAmerican-stylefastfoodasaninsulttotheirnationalfood.AFrenchfarmer,JoseBove,becamesomethingofanationalheroin1999afterheandagroupofpeopledesdivoyedaMcDonald’sunderconsdivuctiontoprotestglobalizationand“badfood.”Thenextyear,abombexplodedinaFrenchMcDonald’s,killinga27-year-oldemployee.Nooneclaimedresponsibility.Butregardlessofwhetheryouliketheirfoodortheirpolicies,McDonald’sisstillwidelyseenasoneofthedivuepioneersofpeacefulglobalization.[单选题]11.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE.A.McDonald’swasfoundedin1948.B.McDonald’shasopeneditsrestaurantsineverycityoftheworld.C.McDonald’shasover30,000locationsintheworldnow.D.McDonald’swasverysmallinscaleinthebeginning.正确答案：B参考解析：文章首段提到“Sinceitsfoundingin1948”可知，麦当劳成立于1948年，故A项正确；由“McDonald’shasgrownfromafamilyburger(汉堡包)standtoaglobalfast-foodchain,withmorethan30,000locationsin118countries.”可知，麦当劳起初规模很小，而现在全球3万多个城市都有麦当劳的分店，故C、D两项正确。B项“麦当劳在全世界每个城市都有分店”过于绝对，首段只提到其在118个国家有分店。故本题选B。With58milliondailycustomersworldwide,McDonald’sisnowsoubiquitousaroundtheglobethatTheEconomistpublishesaglobalrankingofcurrencies’purchasingpowerbasedonthepriceschargedatthelocalMcDonald’s,calledtheBigMacIndex(巨无霸指数).That’snottosaythateverynationcarriesthesamemenuitems:choicesvarywidelydependingonlocation.SomeAsianlocationsservefriedshrimpinaBigMacroll,whileMcDonald’sinIndiadoesn’tservebeefatall,relyinginsteadonburgersmadefromvegedivs,riceandbeans.NoteveryoneintheworldhasbeenhappytogreetRonaldMcDonaldwhenhemovestotown.ManyseeMcDonald’sasasymbolofAmericaneconomicandculturalchauvinism(沙文主义),andEuropeannationsinparticularhaveviewedAmerican-stylefastfoodasaninsulttotheirnationalfood.AFrenchfarmer,JoseBove,becamesomethingofanationalheroin1999afterheandagroupofpeopledesdivoyedaMcDonald’sunderconsdivuctiontoprotestglobalizationand“badfood.”Thenextyear,abombexplodedinaFrenchMcDonald’s,killinga27-year-oldemployee.Nooneclaimedresponsibility.Butregardlessofwhetheryouliketheirfoodortheirpolicies,McDonald’sisstillwidelyseenasoneofthedivuepioneersofpeacefulglobalization.[单选题]12.ThewordubiquitousinParagraph2ismostlikelytomean______.A.verycrowdedB.verydeanC.existingeverywhereD.occurringfrequently正确答案：C参考解析：文章第二段首句提到“With58milliondailycustomersworldwide”，意指麦当劳的消费群体庞大，第一段提到麦当劳发展成快餐产业链，由此可以推断，“ubiquitous”可能表示麦当劳的分布之广，其原意为“普遍的，到处都是的”，故C项正确。故本题选C。With58milliondailycustomersworldwide,McDonald’sisnowsoubiquitousaroundtheglobethatTheEconomistpublishesaglobalrankingofcurrencies’purchasingpowerbasedonthepriceschargedatthelocalMcDonald’s,calledtheBigMacIndex(巨无霸指数).That’snottosaythateverynationcarriesthesamemenuitems:choicesvarywidelydependingonlocation.SomeAsianlocationsservefriedshrimpinaBigMacroll,whileMcDonald’sinIndiadoesn’tservebeefatall,relyinginsteadonburgersmadefromvegedivs,riceandbeans.NoteveryoneintheworldhasbeenhappytogreetRonaldMcDonaldwhenhemovestotown.ManyseeMcDonald’sasasymbolofAmericaneconomicandculturalchauvinism(沙文主义),andEuropeannationsinparticularhaveviewedAmerican-stylefastfoodasaninsulttotheirnationalfood.AFrenchfarmer,JoseBove,becamesomethingofanationalheroin1999afterheandagroupofpeopledesdivoyedaMcDonald’sunderconsdivuctiontoprotestglobalizationand“badfood.”Thenextyear,abombexplodedinaFrenchMcDonald’s,killinga27-year-oldemployee.Nooneclaimedresponsibility.Butregardlessofwhetheryouliketheirfoodortheirpolicies,McDonald’sisstillwidelyseenasoneofthedivuepioneersofpeacefulglobalization.[单选题]13.FromParagraph2,wecanconcludethat______.A.McDonald’sdesignsitsmenutosuitthelocalpeopleB.millionsofyoungadultsgottheirfirstjobwithMcDonald’sC.theMcDonald’smenustickstoold-fashionedfavoritessuchastheBigMacD.thelowpricesMcDonald’sbringtensofmillionsofpeoplethroughitsdoorseveryday正确答案：A参考解析：文章第二段倒数第二句提到“That’snottosaythateverynationcarriesthesamemenuitems:choicesvarywidelydependingonlocation.”，由此可知麦当劳在不同的地方设置的菜单不同，故A项正确。B、D两项文中没有提及，C项描述与原文意思相悖。With58milliondailycustomersworldwide,McDonald’sisnowsoubiquitousaroundtheglobethatTheEconomistpublishesaglobalrankingofcurrencies’purchasingpowerbasedonthepriceschargedatthelocalMcDonald’s,calledtheBigMacIndex(巨无霸指数).That’snottosaythateverynationcarriesthesamemenuitems:choicesvarywidelydependingonlocation.SomeAsianlocationsservefriedshrimpinaBigMacroll,whileMcDonald’sinIndiadoesn’tservebeefatall,relyinginsteadonburgersmadefromve