医学综合英语课后题答案

Keys:Unit1InfluenzaPartTwoI.Pre-classTasksTask11.A 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.BTask21.exhausted 2.available 3.overlooked 4.Spittingup 5.makeitTask31.tired 2.filled 3.spit 4.breathe 5.improved 6.RegainedII.In-classTasksTask1Lead-inActivity1.Comparedwithcold,flusymptomsdevelopmuchfasterandaremoresevere.Theycanlastfrom3daysto2weeks.2.Youcanreducethechancesofgettingflubystayingawayfrompeoplewhoaresick,washingyourhandsfrequentlyespeciallybeforetouchingyoureyes,noseormouthandgettingafluvaccineeachyear.Task2Text-basedExerciseTask2.11.T 2.F 3.NG 4.T 5.TTask2.21.H 2.F 3.A 4.J 5.E 6.D 7.GTask2.31.breaks 2.appetite 3.immune 4.transmission 5.availableTask2.41.通常在当你接触过携带流感病毒的人一到四天之后，流感症状才会显现。2.家庭治疗包括休息，大量补充液体，吃药以减低体温。3.医生可能会抽血或者从你的鼻子喉部提取液体样本来检测你感染的流感病毒种类。4.你可以注射疫苗，也可以由鼻腔吸入疫苗喷雾。5.建议医务工作者以及任何与流感问题高危人群同住或工作的人接种流感疫苗。Task3Terminology-basedExerciseTask3.11.diarrhea 2.virus 3.vaccine 4.pneumonia 5.bronchitis Task3.21.spray 2.mildest 3.immunity 4.failure 5.strain6.moderate 7.Strain 8.shot 9.droplets 10.strain11.Moderate12.shot 13.impaired 14.sprayed 15.mildTask3.31.leadtokidneyfailure2.make

thesymptomsmilder3.Cigarettesmokingisresponsibleforabout90%4.classifythevirusas5.at

high

risk

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further

outbreaksTask3.41.Thevaccineisespeciallyimportantforpeoplewithimpairedimmunesystemthatmakeithardtofightinfection.2.Highlevelsofstressmayloweryourimmunitytocommoncold.3.Stillthecauseofthenewoutbreakoffluremainsunknown.4.Thevirusisspreadfrompersontopersonviadropletsproducedwheninfectedpeoplecoughorsneeze.5.Mostinfectedpeoplerecoverwithinonetotwoweekswithoutmedicaltreatment.Unit2AsthmaPartTwoPre-classTasksTask1D2.B3.C4.A5.CTask2relief2.fillup3.usedup4.intake5.craveforTask31.shortness2.immune3.depleted4.collapsing5.light6.complicationsIn-classTasksTask1.Lead-inActivityAsthmaisachroniclong-termconditionthatcanbemanagedbutnotcured.Asthmatictriggerssuchashousedustmites,pollen,cigarettesmoke,animalfurandchestinfections.However,forsomepeople,theonsetofasthmaisunpredictableandmaybecausedbyanxiety,stressorevenlaughter.Anacuteasthmaattackrequiresmedicalintervention.Task2Text-basedExerciseTask2.1NG2.T3.F4.T5.TTask2.2B2.C3.A4.B5.C6.BTask2.31.chronic2.wheezing3.attacks4.reversible5.avoidTask2.4得哮喘时，人们的气管会产生炎症，导致输送氧气至肺部的气道暂时狭窄。一般认为，这种炎症在很大程度上造成了哮喘对肺部产生的长期伤害。从长远看，治疗这类炎症是控制哮喘的关键。有哮喘家族史的人罹患此病的风险也会增加。你的哮喘症状也可能每次发作都不同，此次轻微，彼次严重。Task3Terminology-basedExerciseTask3.1swollen2.acute3.irritability4.allergen5.infectionTask3.2obstruction 2.Irritant/irritating 3.attack 4.trouble 5.airway6.attack 7.triggers 8.obstruction 9.irritate 10.Chronic11.irritant 12.obstruct 13.inflammation14.contribute15.allergyTask3.3reacttoallergenssuchaspollensChesttightnessandshortnessofbreathexercise-inducedasthmaisachronicdiseasetheladywithafamilyhistoryofasthma印刷错误：最后一个词应为emergencypotentialcausesofairwayirritabilityTask3.4Thosewiththatskinconditionmaybediagnosedwithanotherillnessortoldtheirdiscomfortswilldisappearinweeks.Contactwiththesetriggersmaycausesymptomssuchascoughingandwheezing.Fortunately,thisairwayobstructionistemporaryandreversible.Peoplewithasthmashouldtakeanti-inflammatorydrugseverydaytolessentheriskofacuteasthmaattacks.Sinceitisunknownwhatcausesthisdisease,doctorshavetobasethediagnosisonphysicalexam,medicalandfamilyhistoryanddiagnostictestresults.Unit3ToothCavityPartTwoI.Pre-classTasksTask11.C 2.A3.D4.B5.DTask21.anoverabundance2.stunned3.relatedto4.throbbing5.introubleTask31.cavities2.sign3.fillings4.sensitive 5.throbbing6.horrifyingII.In-classTasksTask1Lead-inActivity1.Becausethebacteriaareofthesamecolorwithteethandtheyhideinthosehard-reachareas.2.Cutoutbetween-mealsnacksandregularlyremovebacteriawithbrushorfloss.Task2Text-basedExerciseTask2.11.F 2.T 3.NG 4.F 5.FTask2.21.E2.E3.C4.B5.F6.D7.B8.D9.B10.A11.C12.F13.D14.FTask2.31.combination2.transfer3.irritated4.reversed5.extractionsTask2.41.蛀牙是导致牙空腔（龋齿）形成的过程，当你口中细菌产生的酸侵蚀掉牙齿的时候，它就发生了。2.如不治疗，蛀牙会导致疼痛、感染、牙齿脱落。3.细菌与食物的共同作用导致蛀牙。4.蛀牙往往直到出现空腔或牙齿感染时才会出现症状。Task3Terminology-basedExerciseTask3.11.pulp2.enamel3.crown 4.abscess5.salivaTask3.21.crowned2.Canal3.extract4.Brushing5.bridge6.breath7.crown8.implanted9.canal10.bridge11.breath12.implant13.transfer14.reverse15.irritationTask3.31.resultsinvarioushealthproblems2.feedonotherorganisms3.flossyourteethatleastonceaday4.howparentscanmakesurethattheirchildhasabalanceddiet5.havemanyquestionsaboutapatient'smedicalhistoryTask3.41.Parentsneedtomakesurethatthefamilypracticesgooddentalhealthhabitssoastopreventtoothdecayinkids.2.Treatmentfortoothdecayvariessignificantlyaccordingtotheseverityofthedecay.3.Fillingcanrestoreatoothtotheoriginalshape.4.Iftherootofthetoothisseverelydamaged,youmayneedanextraction,andreplacethetoothwithabridgeoranimplant.5.Ifyourdentistneglectsyourrequirements,don'tbeafraidtoswitchdentists.Unit4AcnePartTwoI.Pre-classTasksTask11.A 2.B3.D4.C5.BTask21.gothrough2.severe3.scars4.impact5.invainTask31.confidence2.mild3.magic4.wary5.impacted6.torturedII.In-classTasksTask1Lead-inActivity1.Sebaceousglandandhairfollicle.2.Poorhygiene.Geneticpredisposition.Acceleratedglandularactivity.3.Face,neck,chestshoulderandupperback.Task2Text-basedExerciseTask2.11.T 2.F 3.F 4.NG 5.FTask2.2Para1-2C;Para3-5G;Para6B; Para7-9A;Para10-12FTask2.31.bumps 2.sebaceous 3.stimulation 4.multiply 5.prescribeTask2.41.痤疮是一种皮肤疾病，其表现为形态各异的肿块，可以是黑头粉刺、粟粒疹、丘疹或囊肿。2.然而，随着青年人身体开始发育成熟，激素刺激皮脂腺分泌更多皮脂，这些腺体活动可能会变得过于活跃。3.细菌可能就会被困在那些毛孔之内开始繁殖，导致肿胀、发红，这即是痤疮的开始。4.医生可能会使用处方药来治疗痤疮。根据痤疮程度不同，治疗方法有：使用处方药膏来防止丘疹、服用抗生素来杀灭导致丘疹的细菌；如果痤疮严重，则服用药效更强的药物，如同类松脂酸，甚至是做个外科小手术。Task3Terminology-basedExerciseTask3.11.hormone2.sebum3.puberty4.follicle5.dermatologistTask3.21.periods 2.Common3.prescription4.stimulus5.myth6.common 7.periods8.clogged 9.lubricate10.bumped11.lotion 12.squeezing 13.bump 14.permanent15.stimulateTask3.31.chancesaregoodthatyoumaydeveloplungcancer2.cutbackontheintakeofjunkfood3.Thewideapplicationofbirthcontrolpills4.pickatacne5.playaroundwithvitaminsTask3.41.Alongwithmanyadults,mostteensexperienceacommonconditioncalledacneattheirpuberty.2.Knowingacneisnotabigissuedoesn'talwaysmakeiteasierforthosewhohavesomeacne.3.Acneusuallyshowsupontheface,necketc.4.Ifsebum,bacteriaanddeadskincellsmaketheirwayundertheskin,youareprobablyleftwithpimples.5.Itisverytemptingforyoutosqueezeapimpleifyouseeitonyourface.Unit5DyspepsiaPartTwoI.Pre-classTasksTask11.D 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.ATask21.alternate 2.rectal 3.lifestylechanges 4.pressure 5.promotesTask31.complained2.antacids 3.relief 4.rescheduled5.medications6.quitII.In-classTasksTask1Lead-inActivity1.Itismadeupbyorgansthatworktogethertobreakdownfoodsandturnthemintoenergythathelpyourbodytoworkandgrow.2.Thedigestivesystemincludesmouth,esophagus,liver,stomach,gallbladder,pancreas,largeintestine,smallintestine,rectumandanus.Task2Text-basedExerciseTask2.11.F 2.T 3.T 4.T 5.NGTask2.21.paragraph5 2.paragraph1 3.paragraph3 4.paragraph4 5.paragraph9Task2.31.Dyspepsia 2.experience 3.medications 4.trigger 5.exercisesTask2.41.胃弱，也称消化不良，是绝大多数成人一生中至少都会经历过一次的问题。2.消化不良往往与以下有关：过度进食，特别是量大或油腻食物；吃夜宵；吸烟；喝酒；生活压力等。3.烧心是指胸部中央有疼痛或烧灼感，进食时或进食后，可放射至颈部或背部。4.进食时，吸入过多空气，可能会加重嗳气及鼓胀症状，这往往与消化不良有关。5.因为与消化不良类似的症状可能提示存在严重健康问题，因此，如果你经常消化不良的话，应当就医。Task3Terminology-basedExerciseTask3.11.heartburn 2.pancreatitis 3.gallbladder4.breastbone 5.esophagusTask3.21.sensation indicators 2.indicates 3.radiated 4.eased 5.arerelatedto6.prescribed 7.heavy 8.Indication已在句子中 9.persistent 10.radiation 11.excessive 12.heavy 13.prescription 14.sensation 15.burningTask3.31.generalcheckuponaregularbasis2.followthedentist’srecommendation3.largelyduetothedoctorsandnurses’jointefforts4.maintainingahealthyweightishelpfulfor5.isassociatedwithincreasedrisksofTask3.41.Althoughtoothachemaynotbeabigissue,it'softendirectlyassociatedwithhealthandqualityoflife.2.Duringthemiddleandlaterpartsofpregnancy,manywomenmayexperienceindigestionintimesofstress.3.Apartfromdiseaseandmedication,improperlifestyleisalsoamajorcauseofindigestion,suchas:eatingtoomuchandtoofast,smokinganddrinkingtoomuchalcoholetc.4.Forsomechronicdiseases,afamilydoctormayhelpbetterthanaspecialist.5.Abariumswallowiscommonlyappliedtoexamineproblemsinthestomach,duodenum,smallintestine,colonandappendix.Unit6AnemiaPartTwoI.Pre-classTasksTask11.B 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.BTask21.enoughoxygen 2.vitamins 3.suicide 4.testresults 5.sideeffectsTask31.anemic2.spiraled 3.anorexia 4.worse5.injections 6.NormalII.In-classTasksTask1Lead-inActivity1.Hemoglobinisabrightredproteinwhichgivesblooditscolor.2.Itoccurswhentherearetoofewredbloodcellsornotenoughhemoglobin.Task2Text-basedExerciseTask2.11.F 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.NGTask2.21.paragraph9 2.paragraph7 3.paragraph3 4.paragraph2 5.paragraph8Task2.31.maintain 2.delivery 3.chronic4.blood 5.evaluationTask2.41.贫血是指血液中红细胞数量偏低的一种疾病。2.实际上贫血本身不是疾病而是疾病进程的表征。3.预防贫血需要肾脏、骨髓和体内营养的共同协作。4.如果肾脏或脊髓不发挥作用，或者身体营养不良，红细胞数量和功能就难以维系。5.贫血的治疗方案视其诱因和严重性而定，有很大差异。Task3Terminology-basedExerciseTask3.11.ulcer 2.plasma 3.marrow 4.vitamin 5.Colon Task3.21.deficiency 2.critical 3.tissues 4.delivered5.periods 6.compensate 7.detected 8.deliveries 9.acquire 10.period 11.critical 12.compensate13.detected 14.deficiencies 15.AcquiredTask3.31.Hersymptomshaveworsened2.provideacluetothetestingresults3.aroutinegeneralcheck-up4.equallyimportantfordoctorstodeterminethecause5.hasbeenfullyevaluatedbythegroupmembersTask3.41.Althoughredbloodcellsaremadewithinthebonemarrow,manyanyotherorgansinthebodyareinvolvedintheproduction2.Ifthereasonforanemiaisknown,thenmeasurestokeepitundercontrolareveryimportant.3.Iftheredbloodcellslowertoacertainlevel,thedoctormayorderaredbloodcelltransfusiontohelpwiththesymptomsofanemia.4.Verylittlecanbedonetoself-treatanemiaandmedicaltreatmentisgenerallyneeded.5.Hersymptomsandbloodtestresultsarehighlysuggestiveofanemia.Unit7HypertensionPartTwoPre-classTasksTask1F2.NG3.T4.F5.TTask2checkup2.tricky3.control4.adjusted5.campaignTask31.diagnosis2.reading3.cardiologist4.stroke5.control6.alertIn-classTasksTask1.Lead-inActivityItcanleadtoheartattack,stroke,kidneydamageandevendeath.Whenthebloodvesselsarecloseddownorconstrictedandit’smoredifficultforbloodtoflow.Thethickeningofthemuscleintheheart.Task2Text-basedExerciseTask2.1F2.T3.T4.NG5.FTask2.2B2.E3.A4.B5.D6.EF7.D8.CTask2.3arteries2.exact/underlying3.initial4.cured5.lowerTask2.4高血压没有初期症状却会引发长期的疾病和并发症，因此被称为“无声杀手”。血压指血液流经全身时对动脉壁施加的压力。虽然原发性高血压多少有些神秘，但它已经与一些危险因素联系在一起了，比如家族史、年龄、饮食和生活方式等。测量血压以毫米汞柱为单位(mmHg)，书写时收缩压在上、舒张压在下。服用抗高血压药的目的在于控制血压，将其降低至正常水平。Task3Terminology-basedExerciseTask3.1artery2.stethoscope3.cardiovascular4.sphygmomanometer5.obeseTask3.2systolic 2.essential 3.essence 4.secondary 5.essential6.diastolic 7.secondary 8.urine 9.monitor 10.obese11.monitoring 12.prehypertension 13.secondary 14.sodium 15.disorderTask3.3bloodiscoursingthroughthebodytheinitialsymptomstendtobeneglectedtheunderlyingcauseofheartfailurelinkedtosomeriskfactorstakebloodpressurereadingsTask3.4Mostpatientswhoinsistedonaerobicdancinghadstableeffect,withdrawingthehypertensiondrugsandhavingnoobviouscardiovascularsymptomsduringtheobservation.Theexactcausesofhypertensionarenotknown,butadrenaldisordermayplayaroleinitsdevelopment.Ifyourbloodpressureisextremelyhighinregularcheckups,youneedtolookoutforcertainsymptomssuchassevereheadacheandbloodinurine.Hypertensioncanbetreatedwithdrugs,butthecriticalstepisahealthylifestyletohaveyourbloodpressureundercontrol.Loweringbloodpressureinarteriessignificantlyreducestheriskofdeathduetoheartdiseaseandstroke.Unit8CoronaryThrombosisPartTwoI.Pre-classTasksTask11.D 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.BTask21.calledfor 2.imperative 3.located 4.medication 5.followedupTask31.experienced/suffered 2.suffered/experienced 3.mild 4.located 5.blockage6.check-upII.In-classTasksTask1Lead-inActivity1.Theheartisresponsibleforpumpingoxygen-richbloodtotherestofthebody,providingtheenergythebodyneedstofunction.2.Itpreventsbloodfromreachingpartoftheheartmuscle.Task2Text-basedExerciseTask2.11.T 2.NG 3.T 4.F 5.FTask2.21.paragraph2 2.paragraph7 3.paragraph9 4.paragraph4 5.paragraph8 Task2.31.thrombosis 2.radiate 3.plaque 4.accompanied 5.dilateTask2.41.心脏由两个主要的输送血和氧的冠状动脉包围着。2.如果血栓在其中一个冠状动脉里形成，那部分心肌的供血就会停止。3.如果堵塞不能用药很快消除，那部分缺氧的心肌就会停止正常运转。4.动脉粥样硬化是指动脉壁里胆固醇和脂肪的堆积。Task3Terminology-basedExerciseTask3.11.thrombosis 2.atherosclerosis 3.cholesterol 4.plaque 5.angina Task3.21.rupture 2.hardened 3.saturated 4.rupture 5.blockage6.dilates 7.radiate 8.hardened 9.dissolve 10.constricted11.hardened 12.develop 13.blockage 14.develop 15.accompanyTask3.31.helpbloodflowpastablockage2.bringonheartdiseaseandotherhealthproblems3.watchoutforsymptomsofmeasles4.spreaddowntheneckregion5.maynotbeaccompaniedbyanyoftheacutesignsTask3.41.Acoronarythrombosisoccurswhenanarteryintheheartisblockedbyabloodclot.2.Theconditioncanleadtoamyocardialinfarction,mostcommonlyknownasaheartattack.3.Ashumansage,theironcesmoothandopenarteriesbegintohardenandthickeninaprocesscalledatherosclerosis.4.Thesefattydepositscanevenruptureandeventuallyleadtoheartattack.5.Atherosclerosisdevelopsoveraperiodoftimeandtheseverityofthisconditionvariesfrompersontoperson.Unit9BreastCancerPartTwoI.Pre-classTasksTask11.A 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.BTask21.routinecheckup 2.earlydetection 3.cancer-free 4.misdiagnosis 5.spreadtoTask31.educate 2.surviving 3.environmental 4.diagnosis 5.won 6.cancerousII.In-classTasksTask1Lead-inActivity1.Youneedtoknowwhatyourbreastsfeellikenormallysothatyoucanrecognizeanychanges.2.Thebreastsmightfeellumpyduetobenignfibrocysticbreastdiseases,cysts,scartissue,infectionsandothercausesthathavenothingtodowithbreastcancer.3.Youshouldtellyourdoctoraboutyourfamilyhistoryandthedoctormaysuggestyouthatyoustarthavingmammogramearlierthan40.Task2Text-basedExerciseTask2.11.F 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.NGTask2.21.D 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.E 6.A7.B 8.E 9.A 10.E 11.CTask2.31.malignant 2.genetic 3.nipples 4.self-exam 5.remove/keepTask2.41.它们可能侵袭附近的组织，形成一个叫做恶性肿瘤的包块。2.罹患乳腺癌的另一个重要原因是服用口服的避孕药，这会导致激素失调。3.医生会根据你的年龄和危险因素建议你去做

乳房X光检查，这项检查就是用X射线检查乳房。4.其它可能有帮助的预防措施包括母乳喂养、定期检查乳房和接受乳房X光检查以及避免激素替换疗法。Task3Terminology-basedExerciseTask3.11.biopsy 2.mammogram 3.chemotherapy 4.lumpectomy 5.mastectomy Task3.21.consumes 2.abnormal 3.invade 4.discharge 5.removal6.malignant 7.aging 8.Preventative9.consumption 10.removed11.invasion12.discharged 13.sample 14.invasion 15.stageTask3.31.invadeotherorgans2.causeseveresideeffects3.tookasampleofthetissuefromthewallofhisstomach4.keepalow-fatdiet5.withafamilyhistoryofhypertensionTask3.41.Scientistshaveproventhatbeingphysicallyactivemighthelpdepressantshaveaquickerrecovery.2.Thecancercellsinhisleftlungbegangrowingoutofcontrolandwithinayeargrowintoatumorevenlargerthanawalnut.3.Besidesageandfamilyhistory,unhealthydietandlivinghabitsarealsooneoftheriskfactorsforhypertension.4.Thepurposeofgastroscopyistomakeanobservationinsidethestomachandtakeasampleoffthestomachwallforbiopsy.5.Shecouldn’thelpfeelingalarmedwiththesuddennippleretractionandtheaccompanyingburningsensationintheneighboringtissues.Unit10ObesityPartTwoI.Pre-classTasksTask11.A 2.D 3.D 4.B 5.ATask21.putonweight 2.fastfood 3.roadtorecovery 4.excessiveskin 5.withpositivityTask31.obese 2.existed 3.virtual 4.recovery 5.fitness 6.perseveranceII.In-classTasksTask1Lead-inActivity1.Thefoodiscookedintraditionalandnaturalwaysandnopreservativesareused,whichisgoodforstudents’health.2.Theirmostfavoritefoodsarethosehighinfat,sugarandpreservatives.Theirleastfavoritefoodsarefishandvegetables.3.BecauseuntilnowChinastillhasnolawregulatingnutritioninschoolsandthereisahugelackofprofessionalnutritionists.Task2Text-basedExerciseTask2.11.F 2.T 3.NG 4.F 5.TTask2.21.Prevention 2.weight 3.sedentary 4.Treatment 5.constant 6.medicationTask2.31.bodyfat 2.behavioral 3.associated 4.diagnostic 5.surgeryTask2.41.由于电视、电脑和其它科技的影响，人们更少进行体育活动，肥胖问题也变得愈加严重。2.BMI是用来测量肥胖程度的方法。它是由一个人体重（公斤）除以他身高（米）的平方而得出的。3.与那些脂肪集中在臀部的人（有时被称作梨形身材的）相比，那些“苹果”形身材的人，也就是主要胖在腰上的人罹患肥胖引发的健康问题的风险更大。4.要想成功地实现永久瘦身，最好的方法是制定现实的体重控制目标，改变饮食习惯并增加体育锻炼。5.专家们发现那些慢慢地，不断地降低体重的（比如一星期减一或两磅）肥胖者们相比之下在达到他们的目标体重后更能成功地保持体重不反弹。Task3Terminology-basedExerciseTask3.11.insulin 2.trauma 3.fracture 4.apnea 5.antidepressant Task3.21.hit 2.positive 3.retreat 4.highlights 5.recommend6.positive 7.convenient 8.balance 9.impacted 10.retreat11.hit 12.highlights 13.convenience 14.balanced 15.hitTask3.31.shedding/reducing/losing30kginweight2.themaincontributorstohypertension3.expend/burnthemwithactivitiessuchasphysicalexercises4.atriskofdevelopingmanyseriousdiseases/atriskformanyseriousdiseases5.beprescribedmedicationTask3.41.Happinessiscalculatedbydividingwhatyouhavebywhatyoudesire,meaningthemoreyoudesire,thelesshappyyouare.2.Toomuchscreentimeplaysaroleintheincreasingcasesofnear-sightednessamongprimaryschoolchildreninChina.3.Itisvitalforpatientswithhypertensiontokeeptrackoftheirbloodpressureandthetypeanddoseoftheirmedication.4.Afterbeingdiagnosedwithhighbloodpressure,hehadtocutbackonsaltintakeandmaintainamorephysicallyactivewayofliving.5.Thesedentarywayoflivingisassociatedwithmanymodernhealthconditions,suchascervicalvertebraandlumbarvertebradiseases,highbloodpressureandcardiovasculardiseasestonameafew。Unit11HIVandAIDSPartTwoI.Pre-classTasksTask11.B 2.C 3.D 4.D 5.BTask21.complications 2.contaminated 3.diagnosedwith 4.Addictedto 5.bloodtransfusionTask31.epidemic 2.announced 3.legislation 4.related 5.victim 6.advocatingII.In-classTasksTask1Lead-inActivity1.Unsafesex,contactwithbloodofaninfectedperson,frommothertochildduringpregnancy,childbirthandbreastfeeding.2.“Seropositive”meansapersonhasHIVbutisnotsymptomatic.3.Tohavesafesexandusecleanneedles.Task2Text-basedExerciseTask2.11.T 2.T 3.NG 4.F 5.FTask2.21.paragraph5 2.paragraph11 3.paragraph2 4.paragraph4 5.paragraph9Task2.3immune 2.passed/transmitted 3.asymptomatic 4.blood 5.vaccine 6.high-riskTask2.41.由于艾滋病可使免疫系统发生改变，因此患者更容易患其他感染和疾病。2.在最初感染人体免疫缺陷病毒之后是一个慢性或潜伏的阶段，在这段时间病毒继续生长并破坏免疫系统但是活跃性下降。3.如果不加以治疗，艾滋病毒会削弱免疫系统，使此人容易罹患严重的疾病。这一感染阶段被称为艾滋病阶段。4.医生会让那些反馈结果呈阳性的人做一些其它的检查，看看感染的发展情况，并且决定何时开始治疗。5.在受到血液和其它体液污染后立即不断地并彻底地清洗被污染的皮肤能降低被感染的机率。Task3Terminology-basedExerciseTask3.1intravenous 2.perinatal 3.rectal 4.epidemic 5.pediatric Task3.21.opportunistic 2.progress 3.latent 4.persistent 5.primary6.exposure 7.positive 8.delivery 9.opportunistic 10.screened11.susceptibility 12.screen 13.persistent 14.primary 15.contactTask3.31.heishepatitispositive2.istransmittedthroughcontaminatedbody/bodilyfluids3.areprone/vulnerable/susceptibletoopportunisticinfections4.howtheinfectionhasprogressed/developed5.greatly/considerably/significantly/substantiallyimprovetheirqualityoflifeTask3.41.Intheadvanced/latestageofHIVinfection,thepatientmaydevelopnumerousopportunisticinfectionswhichultimatelyleadtodeath.2.IfexposedtotheHIVvirus,onemustget/undergotheHIVtestassoonaspossible,abloodtestwhichscreensspecificallyfortheHIVvirus.3.Duetodamagedimmunesystem,AIDSpatientsarevulnerable/susceptibletovariousillnesses,whichwilleventua