新疆和田地区民丰县2022-2023学年高三上学期期中英语试题（原卷版）

2022~2023学年度第一学期和田地区民丰县期中教学情况调研高三英语注意事项：1.本试卷包含选择题和非选择题两部分.考生答题全部答在答题卡上，答在本试卷上无效.本次考试时间为90分钟，满分值为120分.2.答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号(考试号)用书写黑色字迹的毫米签字笔填写在答题卡上，并用2B铅笔将对应的数字标号涂黑.3.答选择题必须用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑.如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案.答非选择题必须用书写黑色字迹的毫米签字笔写在答题卡上的指定位置，在其它位置答题一律无效.第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。A1234PENSisyourNo.1sourceforpromotionalpens,advertisingpens,andlogopens.Wehavebeeninbusinesssince1976,soyoucanbeconfidentthatyou’redealingwithatrustednameintheindustry.Everyonelovesafreepen,andbyprovidingyourcustomerswithapenfeaturingyourpanyname,logo,ormessage,youcanbesurethatyourpanynamewillalwaysbeontheirmind!Ourcustomimprintingserviceesatnoextracharge,sothepriceyouseeisthepriceyoupayforthepersonalizedpens.★Doyouneedpensfast?InaRUSHfortradeshowsoracorporateevent?Tryour48hourpromotionalpensrushservicefreeofcharge.Wepresentyouwithmanystylesandtypesofprintedpen.Letusknowwhichpromotionalpenyoulikeandwithin48hoursyouwillhavethepens.★Wanttousethetraditionalmethodofpromotionalpenstoreachouttocustomers,butdon’twanttocausemoredamagetotheenvironment?1234PENSnowoffersecofriendlyadvertisingpenstosuitanypany’spromotionalneeds.1234PENScanconfidentlyofferproductswhicharemadefromecofriendlymaterials,includingpaper,cardboard,cornstarch,pine,bambooandevenrecycledplasticwaterbottles.1234PENSoffersaselectionofecofriendlyretractableandsticktypeballpointpens,mechanicalpencilsandhighlighters,allforlessthan$2.00each.Imprintingoflogosandcorporateinformationisavailableinsixteendifferentcolors.Eachpenhastheuniversalrecyclingsymbolprintedonit,showingclientsthepany’smitmenttotheenvironment.Feelfreetocallusat8447367oremailusinfo@1234PENSifyouhaveanyquestions.1.Whatdoweknowabout1234PENS?A.Ithasitsnameprintedoneachpen.B.Ithasahistoryofover40years.C.Ithasbuiltupalargepenmarket.D.Itchargesalowpriceforextraservice.2.WhatismainlydiscussedinParagraph3?A.Thedifferenttypesoftheproducts.B.Thehighqualityoftheproducts.C.Thetradeshowsof1234PENS.D.Thequickserviceof1234PENS.3.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto__________.A.introducethedifferentservicesof1234PENSB.explaintheprocessofmakinglogopensC.persuadepeopletoordertheproductsD.showpeoplehowtochoosedifferentpensBThegendergapinmathsrelatedsubjectsisobvious.Inalmostallcountries,farfewerwomenthanmenchooseSTEM（理工科）careers.It'snotthatgirlsandwomenarebadatmaths.IntheUKin2019forexample,39%of18yearoldgirlswhostudiedmathsatAlevelachievedanAorA*,paredto42%ofboys.ForAlevelphysics,29%ofgirlsachievedthetoptwogrades,paredto28%ofboys.Butinbothsubjects,boysheavilyoutnumberedgirlsbymorethan3:1inthecaseofphysics.Sowhyaresomanygirlsturningtheirbacksonthesesubjects?AstudypublishedrecentlyinthejournalPNASsuggeststhattheanswermayinfactlieinmalefemaledifferencesinacademicability,buttheabilityinquestionisreading,notmaths.ThomasBreda,atParisSchoolofEconomics,andClotildeNapp,atParisDauphineUniversity,wonderedwhetherthismalefemaledifferenceinreadingcouldhelpexplainthegendergapinSTEMcareers.Everythreeyears,hundredsofthousandsof15yearoldsinmorethan60countriestakepartinthePISAstudy.Studentspletetestsinmaths,readingandscience,andanswerquestionsabouttheirfuturecareerintentions.WhenBredaandNapplookedatthedatafromPISA2012,theyrealizedtheywereontosomething."Thereweresmallgendergapsinmathsperformanceat15yearsold,butthesegapsweretoosmalltoexplainthehugegendersegregation（隔离）inSTEM,"saysBreda.Butforreading,thetableswereturned;thegirlsweremuchbetterthantheboys.Asaresult,whenaboyandagirlhadsimilarscoresinmaths,thegirlusuallyhadanevenbetterscoreinreading.WhenBredaandNappparedeachstudent'sscoresinreadingandmaths,theyfoundthegreaterastudent'sadvantageinreading,thelesslikelytheyweretoplanacareerinmaths,evenwhentheirmathsscorewasalsohigh.Notably,thiswastrueforbothboysandgirls."Itmakesalotofsense"saysSarahCattan,oftheInstituteforFiscalStudies."Itshowsthatwhatmattersmostwhenboysandgirlschoosetheirfieldofstudyisnothowgoodtheyareinmathsorinreading,buthowgoodtheyareinmathsrelativetoreading."4.WhatdothedatainParagraph2show?A.Theaveragegenderdifferenceinmathsperformanceissmall.B.Thosewhoaregoodatmathsarealsogoodatphysics.C.Physicstendstobeeasierforgirlsthanmaths.D.Girlsarenotbetterthanboysatmaths.5.AccordingtoBredaandNapp,whoismostlikelytoplanacareerinmaths?A.Tomwhosemathsisworsethanreading.B.Lisawhosemathsisbetterthanreading.C.Lilywhosereadingisbetterthanmaths.D.Jackwhosereadingisasgoodasmaths.6.AccordingtoSarahCattan,whatdostudentsvaluemuchwhenmakingfurtherstudychoices?A.Theirparativestrengthinsteadofabsoluteability.B.Theirgenderadvantagesinaspecificacademicfield.C.Theirfuturejoblandingpossibilityinanindustry.D.Theirparticularinterestinacertainsubject.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.WhyarewedrawntoSTEMcareers?B.Areboysworseatreadingandwriting?C.Whyaregirlsbadatmathsrelatedsubjects?D.Aregoodreadersmorelikelytogiveupmaths?CThebiggestandthesmallestoftheworld’sanimalsaremostatriskofdyingout,accordingtoanewanalysis,withvertebrates(脊椎动物)inthesocalled“Goldilockszone”—nottoobigandnottoosmall—winningout.Actionisneededtoprotectanimalsatbothendsofthescale,theysay.Theresearchaddstoevidencethatanimalsaredyingoutonsuchascalethatasixthextinctionisconsideredunderway.Oneclueisbodysize.Researchonbirdsandmammalshasshownthatthosewithlargerbodiesaremorelikelytogoextinct.Yet,whentheresearchersmadeadatabaseofthousandsofbirds,mammals,fish,amphibians(两栖动物)andreptiles(爬行动物)atriskofextinction,theyfounddisproportionate(不成比例的)lossesatthelargeandsmallendsofthescale.“Surprisingly,wefoundthatnotonlythelargestofallvertebrateanimalspeciesaremostthreatened,buttheverytiniestonesarealsohighlythreatenedwithextinction,”Prof.RippletoldBBCNews.Largeanimals,suchaselephants,rhinos(犀牛)andlionshavelongbeenthetargetofprotectionefforts.However,fish,birds,reptilesandamphibiansthatarethegiantsoftheirkind,suchasthewhaleshark,Somaliostrich(鸵鸟)andtheChinesegiantsalamander(蝾螈),tendtobeoverlooked.Meanwhile,smallspeciesatrisksuchasfrogsandshrews(鼩鼱)receiveverylittleattention.“Ithink,forthesmallestspecies,firstofallweneedtobringhigherawarenesstothem,becausethelargeronesgetalotofattention,butthesmalleronesgetverylittle,”saidProf.Ripple.Inthestudy,vertebrateswiththesmallestandthelargestbodieswerefoundtobemostatriskofdisappearing,whethertheywereonlandorlivinginoceans,streamsorrivers.Heavyweightsarethreatenedmainlybyhunting,whilefeatherweightsarelosingouttopollutionandcuttingdownforests.“Ultimately,reducingglobalconsumptionofwildmeatisakeysteptoreducenegativeimpactsofhunting,fishing,andtrappingontheworld’svertebrates,”theywriteinProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.8.Whatmadetheresearchersfeelsurprised?A.Asixthofanimalsaredyingout.B.Smallanimalsareingreatdanger.C.Greatlossesofbirdsandmammals.D.Biganimalsareatriskofdisappearing.9.WhatshouldwedofirstforthesmallestspeciesaccordingtoProf.Ripple?A.Transformourhabits. B.Changeourconcepts.C.Findwaystosavesmallanimals. D.Takemeasurestostoppollution.10.Whatpresentsthegreatthreattovertebratesaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Lossofforests. B.Climatechange.C.Humanactivities. D.Environmentalpollution.11.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.SizeMattersWhenItestoExtinctionRiskB.LargeAnimalsAreBadlyinNeedofProtectionC.WhyaGreatNumberofAnimalsAreDyingoutD.WhatWeShouldDotoProtectEndangeredSpeciesDSomeyearsago,aMiamiwomanwalkingthroughanofficebuildingnoticedtwomenstandingtogether.Severalminutesafterherleaving,themenmurderedapersonworkinginthebuilding.Thepolicedeterminedthatthewomanwastheonlywitnessandcouldpossiblydescribethem.However,hermemoryofthemenproveddisappointinglyunclear.Severaldayslater,psychologistRonaldFisherwasbroughtintoobtainamorepleteaccountfromthewoman.Hisinterviewproducedabreakthrough—thewomanreportedaclearpictureofoneofthesuspects.Theimportantinformationenabledthepolicetoarrestthesuspectandclosethecase.ThepoliceaskedFisherforhelpbecauseofhisrichknowledgeincognitive(认知)interview,akindofmemoryrebuildingprocess.Memoryresearchershavefoundthatpeopletryingtorememberapasteventoftenonlyrecallpartoftherelevantinformation.Humanmemoryisselectiveanditisoftendistortedbystress.Butaperson’saccuraterecallofaneventorunderstandingofaquestioncanbeimprovedusingspecificinterviewingtechniques.The“cognitiveinterview”wasdevelopedinthelate1990s.Itencouragesthewitnesstotakeanactiveroleinrecallinginformationratherthangivinganswersonlytosomeoneelse’squestions.Thewitnessfirstdescribeswhathappenedinhisorherownwords,withnointerviewerinterruptions.Theinterviewerthengoesfurtherwithspecifictechniques,suchashavingthewitnesstellthedetailsofwhathappenedfromdifferentperspectives(角度).Thecognitiveinterviewfocusesonguidingwitnessesthroughfourgeneralrecallingtechniques:thinkingaboutphysicalsurroundingsandpersonalfeelingsthatexistedatthetimeofpastevents;reportingeverythingthatestomindaboutthoseevents,nomatterhowbrokenitisretellingeventsinavarietyoftimeorders,suchasfrombeginningtoend,endtobeginning,forwardorbackward;andadoptingdifferentperspectiveswhilerecallingevents.Experimentswithpolicedetectivestrainedinthisdemandinginterviewmethodfindthattheyobtainnearly50%moreinformationfromwitnessesthanbeforetraining,whileerrorratesremainaboutthesame.Itisprovedthatcognitiveinterviewsarequiteimportanttoolsinimprovingtheaccuracyandpletenessofwitnesstestimony(证词).12.Thepurposeofthepassageisto_____.A.giveanaccountofamurdercaseB.introduceanideaofcognitiveinterviewC.proveFisherwasanexpertincognitiveinterviewD.helpawitnesstorecallinformationinacognitiveinterview13.Whatisrequiredtorecallinacognitiveinterviewforawitness?A.Theexacttimeatwhichamurdertookplace．B.Theinformationabouttheeventinthetimeorder．C.Theimportantthingsthatetohisorhermind．D.Thesurroundingsandfeelingsatthetimeoftheevent．14.ThekeypointinacognitiveinterviewisthatA.thewitnessisencouragedtotakepartinrecallinginformationB.theinterviewershouldinterruptthewitnessfromtimetotimeC.theinterviewshouldtakeplaceoutsidethepolicestationD.thewitnessshouldrecalldetailsatthesceneoftheevent15.Theunderlinedword"distorted"inthepassageprobablymeans"____A.arranged B.balanced C.changed D.examined第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)Theprocessofbeingindependentisnotthesameforeveryone.Someattainitmuchyoungerinlifethanothers.Nevertheless,wearetoldthatbeingindependentisveryimportant,butwhyisit?Beingindependentimprovesyourconfidence.____16____Havingconfidencegivesyouapositiveoutlookonlife.Youaregoingtobewillingtodothingsonyourown,withoutneedingsupportorapproval(批准)fromothers.____17____Thisbeesselffulfilling,forthemoreexperiencesyouhave,themoreyourconfidencewillgrow,andthegreaterwillbeyourchancesofbigrewardsforyourefforts.____18____Beingmatureenablesyoutohandleyouremotionswithouthelpfromothers.Therewillbemanychallengingsituationsthroughoutourlives.Keepingouremotionsfromdominatingourlivesisessential.Knowingthatouremotionsareundercontrolbringsasenseofpleasureandcalm.Stressisreduced,andwebeehappier.Therearemanytechniquesthatcanbeusedtohelpuscontrolouremotions.____19____Independenceleadstobroaderhorizons.Onceyoubeeindependentfromlimitsplacedonyoubyothers,youcanbroadenyourhorizons.Youwillbeabletotaketripstodifferentdestinations,meetpeoplewithdifferentsocialandmoralbeliefs,andgainmoreknowledge.____20____Itmightaffectthewayyouapproachdecisionmaking.Inthisway,independencecanpreventyoufromadoptinganarrowmindset.Youwillweleadventureandseetherewardsoftakingrisks.A.Emotionalindependencemakesyouhappier.B.Itisallaboutbeingsecurewithwhoyouare.C.Youcantrynewthings,andthusgainmoreexperience.D.Jogging,yogaandbreathingexercisesareamongthem.E.Independentpeoplearealwayspositiveabouttheirlives.F.Inturn,thiswillleadyoutothinkdifferentlyaboutyourlife.G.Themoreindependentyouare,themoreconfidentyouwillbee.第二部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节(共20小题，每小题分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Therewasaboywhowaswalkinghomefromschoolwhenhesawalarge,tempting(attracting)appleononeofthebranchesofanappletreehangingoutoveratallfence.Theboywasn’tmuchofafruiteater,___21___abarofchocolateifgiventhechoice,___22___,astheysay,theforbiddenfruitcanbetempting.Seeingtheapple,theboywantedit.Themorehelookedatit,the___23___hefeltandthemorehewantedthatapple.Hestoodontiptoe___24___ashighashecould,butevenathistallest___25___hewasunabletotouchit.Hebeganto___26___upanddown,ashighashecould,atthe___27___ofeachjumpstretchinghisarmstogettheapple.Stillitremainedoutof___28___Notgivingup,hethought,ifonlyhehadsomethingto___29___on.Hisschoolbagwouldn’tgiveenoughheightandhedidn’twantto_____30_____thethingsinside,likehislunchbox,pencilbox,pencilcase,andGameboy.Looking_____31_____,hehopedhemightfindanoldbox,arock,or,_____32_____luck,evenaladder,butitwasatidyneighborhoodandtherewasnothinghecoulduse.Hehadtriedeverythinghecouldthinktodo._____33_____seeinganyotherchoices,hegaveupandstartedtowalk_____34_____Atfirst,hefeltangryanddisappointedthinkingabouthowhungryhehadbeefromhis_____35_____,andhowhereallywantedthatapple.Themorehe_____36_____likethis,themoreunhappyhebecame._____37_____,theboyofourstorywasaprettysmartguy,evenifhecouldn’tgetwhathewanted.Hestartedtosaytohimself,“Thisisn’t_____38_____Idon’thavetheappleandI’mfeelingsadaswell.Thereis_____39_____moreIcandotogettheapple—thatisunchangeable—butwearesupposedtobeableto_____40_____ourfeelings.Ifthatisthecase,whatcanIdotofeelbetter?21.A.offering B.preferring C.receiving D.allowing22A.so B.then C.or D.but23.A.sadder B.hungrier C.angrier D.tastier24.A.stretching B.swinging C.expanding D.pulling25.A.strength B.height C.length D.range26.A.jump B.look C.walk D.glance27.A.tip B.stage C.level D.top28.A.touch B.hand C.reach D.sight29.A.put B.stand C.get D.hold30.A.shake B.break C.take D.strike31.A.up B.forward C.around D.down32.A.with B.for C.on D.of33.A.After B.Without C.Through D.Upon34.A.away B.back C.up D.down35.A.wishes B.beliefs C.goals D.efforts36A.imagined B.tried C.claimed D.thought37.A.Therefore B.Moreover C.However D.Otherwise38.A.skilful B.helpful C.cheerful D.harmful39.A.something B.nothing C.anything D.everything40.A.express B.forget C.change D.describe第二节(共10小题;每小题分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。LiuQingshan,60,esfromafamilyofstonecarvers(雕刻师)inQuyangcounty,HebeiProvince.At12hestartedlearningthehandicraft(手艺)fromhisfatherandeightyearslaterhe___41___(join)insomebigprojectssuchasYunnanNationalitiesVillageandBeijingZhongguanVillage.Nowheworksatastonecarvingfactory___42___sixothercraftsmeninTiangangtown,JilinProvince.Theyusuallycreatestonelionsandstonefigures.___43___(carve)astonelion,therearefivesteps：firstly,theydrawtheshapeonastone;secondly,theycuttheunnecessarypartwithhammeranddrill;thirdly,theygiveshapetodetails,___44___(include)hair,eyes,nose;fourthly,theycarvethem___45___(careful);lastly,theypolishthesculpture,___46___requiresmuchpatienceandabout15days’work.“Inmyeyes,thestonecreatureshave___47___(they)ownlifeandsoul,”saidLiu.Liuhad___48___(dozen)ofstudentsbutnowonlyfourremain.“Inrecentyearsmanycraftsmenandstudentsdo