江苏省徐州市2023-2024学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题

2023~2024学年度第一学期高三年级期中抽测英语试题注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后,将答题卡交回。第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题分,满分分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatcoloristhesofa?A.White.B.Brown.C.Blue.2.Whatwillthewomando?A.Lockthedoors.B.Repairthespeakers.C.Informthecustomers.3.Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?A.Theman’sgarden.B.Thewoman’scooking.C.Theirgrandma’shealth.4.WhoisNicole?A.Theman’sdaughter.B.Theman’ssister.C.Theman’sniece.5.Whathappenedtotheman?A.HelostanEnglishreport.B.HebrokehisUSBmemory.C.Hesentafiletoawrongperson.第二节(共15小题;每小题分,满分分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。6.WhatjobwouldMillieprefer?A.Todoresearchonscience.B.Todobeautytreatments.C.Tocreatesoaps.7.WhatismoreimportanttoMillie?A.Thesalary.B.Thesocialstatus.C.Thejobsatisfaction.听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。8.Whattimeisitnow?A.7:00p.m.B.8:00p.m.C.9:00p.m.9.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodotomorrowmorning?A.Pickupafriend.B.Catchaflight.C.Takeatraintothecity.10.Howdoesthewomanprobablyfeel?A.Annoyed.B.Excited.C.Surprised.听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。11.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Orderingfood.B.Waitinginline.C.Takingabreak.12.Howoftendoesthewomanexerciseeveryweek?A.Twice.B.Threetimes.C.Fourtimes.13.Howdoesthemanusuallygettowork?A.Bycar.B.Onfoot.C.Bysubway.听第9段材料,回答第14至16题14.Whatwillthegirldotomorrowafternoon?A.Takeatest.B.MeetwithMary.C.Handinapaper.15.Whatdoweknowaboutthegirl’smother?A.Shelikesreadingpoems.B.Sheteachesliteratureincollege.C.Sheinfluencesthegirlalot.16.Wheredoestheconversationmostlikelytakeplace?A.Inaclassroom.B.Inthegirl’shouse.C.Intheteachers’office.听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。17.WhatdoesthespeakerthinkoftheweddinginItaly?A.Itistypical.B.Itisboring.C.Itisimpressive.18.Wheredidthebridegroomfirstmeetthebride?A.InItaly.B.InFrance.C.InEngland.19.WhatoftenhappensatAmericanweddings?A.Longspeechesaregiven.B.Abigdinnerisservedbeforethewedding.C.Everythingaboutweddingismadeathome.20.Whydidthefamilycutupthebridegroom’stie?A.Toraisemoney.B.Toplayajokeonhim.C.Tomakehimdifferent.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题分,满分分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWELETODENTAL2023IMPLANTCENTERGRANDOPENING!!VISITOURNEWLOCATIONthST.,LONGBEACHSavethiscoupon(优惠券)andyoucanenjoythemaximumdiscountinournewoffice:Singletoothimplantcostsonly$700!(A10%discountofnormal).Includingimplant,abutmentandcrown.*Duedate:03/31/24.Cannotbebinedwithinsurancefeesorothercoupons.Newpatientsonly.NOWSERVINGYOUINTHREELOCATIONS!IRVINE:39CreekRoadSuite210LAGUNANIGUEL:30012CrownValleyPkwy,STEBUnliketraditionalartificialteeth,whichareremovable,dentalimplantsaresurgicallyplacedintothejawboneandthentoppedwitharestorationsuchasadentalcrown.Theyfeelmuchmorenaturalthanconventionalalternatives.Additionally,dentalimplantscanhelptopreventbonedeterioration(退化)thatiscausedbymissingteeth.Thebonebeginstodeterioratewhenyouloseatoothbecauseitisnolongerbeingstimulateddaily.Thiscanleadtoseverebonelossovertime.Butbyplacingdentalimplantsintothejawbone,wecanpreservethisstructure.Ifyou’remissingone,two,orallofyourteeth,weencourageyoutovisitournewofficeinLongBeach,orcall(949)8576757toscheduleyourappointment.Wewouldbehappytohelpyoufindthebesttreatmentplantorestoreyoursmileandhelpyouenjoybetteroralhealthsoon!1.What’stherestrictionofthecoupon?A.ItisvalidonlyonMarch31st. B.Itdoesn’tsupportphonereservation.C.Onlynewpatientscanuseit. D.Itmustbeusedwithinsurancefees.2.Whichisanadvantageofdentalimplants?A.Theycostlittlemoney. B.Theypreservethejawbone.C.Theycanbeeasilyremoved. D.Theypreventteethmissing.3.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Toexplainhowtoimplantteeth. B.Tointroducethreeimplantcenters.C.Toadvertiseanewlyopeneddentalcenter. D.Topopularizetheknowledgeoforalhealth.【答案】1.C2.B3.C【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。为一则“牙科2023种植中心”的开业广告。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据“Duedate:03/31/24.Cannotbebinedwithinsurancefeesorothercoupons.Newpatientsonly.(截止日期:03/31/24。不能与保险费或其他优惠券合并使用。仅限新患者)”可知，优惠券只有新患者才能使用它。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Additionally,dentalimplantscanhelptopreventbonedeterioration(退化)thatiscausedbymissingteeth.Thebonebeginstodeterioratewhenyouloseatoothbecauseitisnolongerbeingstimulateddaily.Thiscanleadtoseverebonelossovertime.Butbyplacingdentalimplantsintothejawbone,wecanpreservethisstructure.(此外，种植牙可以帮助防止因缺牙而导致的骨质退化。当你失去一颗牙齿时，骨头就开始恶化，因为它不再每天受到刺激。随着时间的推移，这会导致严重的骨质流失。但是通过在颌骨中植入牙齿，我们可以保留这种结构)”可知，种植牙的优点是保存了颌骨。故选B项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据本文标题“WELETODENTAL2023IMPLANTCENTERGRANDOPENING!!VISITOURNEWLOCATION(欢迎来到牙科2023种植中心.隆重开幕!!参观我们的新地点)”以及最后一段“Ifyou’remissingone,two,orallofyourteeth,weencourageyoutovisitournewofficeinLongBeach,orcall(949)8576757toscheduleyourappointment.Wewouldbehappytohelpyoufindthebesttreatmentplantorestoreyoursmileandhelpyouenjoybetteroralhealthsoon!(如果你缺了一颗、两颗或所有的牙齿，我们建议你去我们在长滩的新办公室，或者打(949)8576757预约你的预约。我们很乐意帮助您找到最好的治疗方案，恢复您的笑容，让您早日享受更好的口腔健康!)”可推知，本文的目的是为一家新开的牙科中心做广告。故选C项。BNuclearenergyisoneofthecleanestpoweronearth.Itiscleanerthananyenergysourceexceptwind.Butthatdoesn’tnecessarilymeannuclearisthelongtermsolutionfortheworldbecausenuclearmaterialisperhapsthemostpoisonousmatteronearth.Inaddition,uranium,theelementmostmonlyusedinnuclearreactors,isnotinlimitlesssupply.Butthebiggestproblemisnuclearwaste.Howcanwedealwithnuclearwaste?Theanswerissimple—putthemsomewherewheretheycanstay,undisturbed,isolated,forever.Finlandisbuildingjustthat.Thisregionislargelylackinginnaturaldisasters.Itreallydoesn’tencounteranynaturalphenomenonthatcoulddamageanuclearwastestoragesite,especiallyifit’s1,500feetunderground.BeneathanislandontheFinnishBalticSeacoast,thecountryisdigging.They’rebuildingtheveryfirstpermanentnuclearwastestoragefacilityintheworldinthestablebedrock1,500feetbelow.Currentlythey’rejustfinishingtheirdigdown,thenverysoonthey’llstartfillingthefacilitywithnuclearwaste.They’lldiglongtunnelswithsmallholesinwhichthey’llplacenuclearwastethenbackfillthetunnelswithclaytobeleftforever.Withthissystem,there’snearzeroriskofnuclearmaterialleakingoutintothegroundwaterand,onceit’sfilledintheyear2120,itcanjustbeleft,forever.Becausethematerialwillbesofardownandsodifficulttogetto,nohumanmanagementwillbenecessaryoncepleted.Nosecurity,nomaintenance,nothingwhichmeansitshouldbetrulysecure,butbeforeleavingit,Finlandneedstofightagainstonething—humannature.Ascuriousbeings,it’shardtofightaperson’surgeofdiscovery.Ifsomeonefindsamysteriousstructurefromthousandsofyearsago,it’djustbenaturaltowanttoopenitup,andthat’saproblemfornuclearwastesites.WeessentiallydidjustthatwiththepyramidsinEgypt.Thesestructureswerebuiltasthefinal,permanentrestingplacesandweopenedthemupbecausewewerecurious.Openingthenuclearstoragefacilitieswouldreleaseradiationintoafuturecivilization,sowehavetotellthemtoleavethesitesalone,butthat’seasiersaidthandone.4.WhyisFinlandbuildinganuclearstoragesitedeepunderground?A.Thetunnelsthereareeasytodig. B.Thesupplyofuraniumislimited.C.Moderntechnologymakesitpossible. D.Nonaturaldisastercaninfluencethesite.5.Whathumannaturedoestheauthorworryabout?A.Beingcurious. B.Adesireforsecurity.C.Beingadventurous. D.Adesireforcontrol.6.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardFinland’saction?A.Supportive. B.Tolerant. C.Doubtful. D.Pessimistic.7.WhyarethepyramidsinEgyptmentioned?A.Toarousepeople’scuriosity. B.Topredictthesite’sdevelopment.C.Toillustratetheauthor’sconcern. D.Tostresstheimportanceoftheproject.【答案】4.D5.A6.A7.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了芬兰正在地下建造核废料储存设施，以防止泄漏，但人类好奇心可能成为问题。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thisregionislargelylackinginnaturaldisasters.Itreallydoesn’tencounteranynaturalphenomenonthatcoulddamageanuclearwastestoragesite,especiallyifit’s1,500feetunderground.(这个地区很少发生自然灾害。它真的不会遇到任何可能破坏核废料储存地点的自然现象，尤其是在地下1500英尺的地方。)”可知，芬兰要在地下深处建造核储存设施是因为这个地区不受自然灾害影响。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“Ascuriousbeings,it’shardtofightaperson’surgeofdiscovery.Ifsomeonefindsamysteriousstructurefromthousandsofyearsago,it’djustbenaturaltowanttoopenitup,andthat’saproblemfornuclearwastesites.(作为好奇的人，很难抑制一个人的探索冲动。如果有人发现了一个数千年前的神秘结构，很自然就会想要打开它，这对核废料场来说是个问题。)”可知，作者担心的人类天性是好奇心。故选A。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Nosecurity,nomaintenance,nothingwhichmeansitshouldbetrulysecure,butbeforeleavingit,Finlandneedstofightagainstonething—humannature.Ascuriousbeings,it’shardtofightaperson’surgeofdiscovery.Ifsomeonefindsamysteriousstructurefromthousandsofyearsago,it’djustbenaturaltowanttoopenitup,andthat’saproblemfornuclearwastesites.(没有安全，没有维护，没有什么意味着它应该是真正安全的，但在离开它之前，芬兰需要与一件事作斗争——人性。作为好奇的人，很难抑制一个人的探索冲动。如果有人发现了一个数千年前的神秘结构，很自然就会想要打开它，这对核废料场来说是个问题。)”可知，作者对人类好奇心的担忧，可以推断出作者对芬兰的行动持支持的态度，但是，却因为人类的好奇而担忧是否能成功。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“WeessentiallydidjustthatwiththepyramidsinEgypt.Thesestructureswerebuiltasthefinal,permanentrestingplacesandweopenedthemupbecausewewerecurious.Openingthenuclearstoragefacilitieswouldreleaseradiationintoafuturecivilization,sowehavetotellthemtoleavethesitesalone,butthat’seasiersaidthandone.(我们对埃及的金字塔就是这样做的。这些建筑是作为最终的，永久的休息场所，我们打开它们是因为我们很好奇。打开核储存设施会将辐射释放到未来的文明中，所以我们必须告诉他们不要打扰这些地方，但这说起来容易做起来难。)”可知，作者提到埃及的金字塔是为了说明人们会因好奇心而打开被视为永久安息之地的结构，从而推断提到金字塔是为了强调作者对核废料储存场所的担忧。故选C。CThebestadvertisementforpublictransportationisseeingabuswhooshpastlinesofcarsstuckintraffic.Whentransitisconvenient,fortable,affordableandfasterthandriving,theservicepracticallysellsitself.That’swhyarecentbuslaneboominLosAngelesissowele.Since2019,Metroandthecity’sDepartmentofTransportationhaverolledoutninenewsegments(路段)foratotalof40milesofbuslanesonsomeofthemostcrowdedstreetswithhighbusridership,suchasLaBreaAvenue,VeniceBoulevardandAlvaradoStreet.Thegoalistohave100milesinplacebeforethe2028Olympics.Theresulthasbeenfaster,morereliableserviceforpassengers—andfordriversstuckintraffic,maybeevenalittlebusenvy.Betterbusserviceisessentialtogetpeopletojobs,schoolsandopportunities,andtoenticedriversoutofcarstohelpreduceplanetwarmingemissions.Greattransformationhastakenplacesince.TransitadvocateshavepressedMetroandelectedofficialstostoptreatingbusridersasanafterthought.FormerCouncilmemberMikeBonin,whoalsosatonMetro’sgoverningboard,pushedforthecreationoftheBusSpeedandReliabilityWorkingGroup.Withacleargoal—tospeedupthebuses—andamandate(授权)frompoliticalleaders,staffatthetwoagencieswereabletocutthroughbureaucraticbarriersthatoftenstymie(阻碍)publicworksprojects.BusRapidTransit,orbusways,withdedicatedlanesandspecialstops,havefacedresistancefromsomeresidentsandbusinessowners,whoworryaboutlosingcarlanesorparking.Thepromiseisthatmostbusridersgetthebenefitofbuslanesonlyduringrushhours,from7to10a.m.and4to7p.m.Theserushhourlaneswilldemonstratethebenefitsofgivingpeoplefast,convenientbusservice,soL.A.‘spoliticalleaderswillwholeheartedlysupportmorededicatedbuswaysandeven24hourbuslanes.8.WhathaveMetroandthecity’sDepartmentofTransportationdone?A.Makingpreparationsforthe2028Olympics.B.Demandingthebusestorun40milesperhour.C.Arrangingspecialbuslanesduringrushhours.D.Callingoncitizenstotakepublictransportation.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“entice”inparagraph3mean?A.Attract. B.Order. C.Force. D.Beg.10.Whatledtothetransformation?A.Politics. B.Publicawareness. C.Economy. D.Marketingmanagement.11.Whatdoesthelastparagraphimply?A.Someresidentsresistbusways. B.Morecarlanesorparkingwillbelost.C.Businessownersconflictwithbusriders. D.Publictransportationmaygetmoresupport.【答案】8.C9.A10.A11.D【解析】【导语】本文是篇新闻报道。它介绍了洛杉矶公交车专用道的最新扩建情况，强调了改善公交服务对乘客和驾驶员都带来的好处。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Since2019,Metroandthecity’sDepartmentofTransportationhaverolledoutninenewsegments(路段)foratotalof40milesofbuslanesonsomeofthemostcrowdedstreetswithhighbusridership,suchasLaBreaAvenue,VeniceBoulevardandAlvaradoStreet.(自2019年以来，地铁和城市交通部在拉布雷亚大道(LaBreaAvenue)、威尼斯大道(VeniceBoulevard)和阿尔瓦拉多街(AlvaradoStreet)等一些最拥挤、公交客流量最高的街道上推出了9个新路段，共计40英里的公交车道)”可知，地铁和城市交通部在交通高峰时段安排公共汽车专用车道。故选C项。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据前文“Theresulthasbeenfaster,morereliableserviceforpassengers—andfordriversstuckintraffic,maybeevenalittlebusenvy.(其结果是为乘客提供了更快、更可靠的服务，同时也为那些被堵在路上的司机带来了些许嫉妒)”以及“helpreduceplanetwarmingemissions.”（有助于减少全球变暖排放。）可知，引起那些被堵在路上的司机的嫉妒，从而吸引他们放弃开车，推知entice意为“诱使”之意，和A项意思相近。故选A项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Greattransformationhastakenplacesince.TransitadvocateshavepressedMetroandelectedofficialstostoptreatingbusridersasanafterthought.FormerCouncilmemberMikeBonin,whoalsosatonMetro’sgoverningboard,pushedforthecreationoftheBusSpeedandReliabilityWorkingGroup.Withacleargoal—tospeedupthebuses—andamandate(授权)frompoliticalleaders,staffatthetwoagencieswereabletocutthroughbureaucraticbarriersthatoftenstymie(阻碍)publicworksprojects.(从那以后发生了巨大的变化。公交倡导者向地铁和民选官员施压，要求他们不要再把公交乘客当作事后才想到的人。前市议员迈克·博宁也是地铁管理委员会的成员，他推动成立了公交速度和可靠性工作组。有了一个明确的目标——加快公共汽车的速度——和来自政治领导人的授权，这两个机构的工作人员能够突破经常阻碍公共工程项目的官僚主义障碍)”可知，是政治导致了这个转变。故选A项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“BusRapidTransit,orbusways,withdedicatedlanesandspecialstops,havefacedresistancefromsomeresidentsandbusinessowners,whoworryaboutlosingcarlanesorparking.Thepromiseisthatmostbusridersgetthebenefitofbuslanesonlyduringrushhours,from7to10a.m.and4to7p.m.Theserushhourlaneswilldemonstratethebenefitsofgivingpeoplefast,convenientbusservice,soL.A.‘spoliticalleaderswillwholeheartedlysupportmorededicatedbuswaysandeven24hourbuslanes.(拥有专用车道和特殊停靠站的快速公交遭到了一些居民和企业主的抵制，他们担心会失去车道或停车位。折衷方案是，大多数公交乘客只有在早上7点到10点和下午4点到7点的高峰时段才能享受到公交专用道的好处。这些高峰时段的专用道将展示为人们提供快速、方便的公交服务的好处，因此洛杉矶的政治领导人将全心全意地支持更多专用公交专用道，甚至24小时公交专用道)”可知，本段讲述了洛杉矶的政治领导人将全心全意地支持更多专用公交专用道，甚至24小时公交专用道，所以是暗示了公共交通可能会得到更多支持。故选D项。DIsfutureyou…you?Itmightseemlikeastrangephilosophicalquestion.Buttheanswertohowyouthinkaboutyourfutureselfcouldmakethedifferencebetweendecisionsyouultimatelyfindsatisfyingandonesyoumighteventuallyregret.ThebrainpatternsthatemergeonanMRI(核磁共振)whenpeoplethinkabouttheirfutureselvesmostresemblethebrainpatternsthatarisewhentheythinkaboutstrangers.Thisfindingsuggeststhat,inthemind’seye,ourfutureselveslooklikeotherpeople.Ifyouseefutureyouasadifferentperson,whyshouldyousavemoney,eathealthierorexercisemoreregularlytobenefitthatstranger?However,ifyouseetheinterestsofyourdistantselfasmorelikethoseofyourpresentself,youareconsiderablymorelikelytodothingstodaythatbenefityoutomorrow.ApaperinthejournalPLOSOnerevealedthatcollegestudentswhoexperiencedagreatersenseofconnectionandsimilaritytotheirfutureselvesweremorelikelytoachieveacademicsuccess.Relationshipswithourfutureselvesalsomatterforgeneralpsychologicalwellbeing.InaprojectledbyJosephReiff,whichincludes5,000adultsage20to75,hefoundthatthosewhoperceivedagreatoverlap(重叠)intraitsbetweentheircurrentandfutureselvesendedupbeingmoresatisfiedwiththeirlives10yearsafterfillingouttheinitialsurvey.Sohowcanwebetterbefriendourfutureselvesandfeelmoreconnectedtotheirfates?Thepsychologicalmindsetwithwhatwecall“vividnessinterventions”works.Wehavefound,forinstance,thatshowingpeopleimagesoftheirolder,grayerselvesincreasesintentionstosaveforthelongterm.Besides,youmighttrywritingaletterto—andthenfrom—yourfutureself.AsdemonstratedbyYutaChishimaandAnneWilsonintheir2020studyinthejournalSelfandIdentity,whenhighschoolstudentsengagedinthistypeof“sendandreply”exercise,theyexperiencedelevatedlevelsoffeelingsofsimilaritywiththeirfutureselves.Letterwritingandvisualizationexercisesarejustacoupleofwayswecanconnectwithourfutureselvesandbeyond,butthelargerlessonhereisclear:Ifwecantreatourdistantselvesasiftheyarepeoplewelove,careaboutandwanttosupport,wecanstartmakingchoicesforthemthatimproveourlives—bothtodayandtomorrow.12.What’sthefunctionofparagraph2?A.Generatingfurtherdiscussion. B.Introducingaresearchresult.C.Showingtheeffectofthefinding. D.Concludingvariousviewpoints.13.Howdoestheauthorprovehisstatements?A.Byofferingrelevantstatistics. B.Byusingquotations.C.Byreferringtopreviousfindings. D.Bymakingparisons.14.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Benefitsofbefriendingourfutureselves. B.Waysofconnectingwithourfutureselves.C.Methodsofchangingpsychologicalmindsets. D.Possibilitiesofusbeingourfutureselves.15.Whatdoesthearticlewanttotellus?A.Makingfutureplansmakesadifference. B.Ourfutureselveslooklikeotherpeople.C.Gettingtoknowyourfutureselfbenefits. D.Yourchoicedeterminesfuturehappiness.【答案】12.A13.C14.B15.D【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了与未来自己建立联系的好处，如何与未来的自己建立联系，并为未来做出有益的选择。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“ThebrainpatternsthatemergeonanMRI(核磁共振)whenpeoplethinkabouttheirfutureselvesmostresemblethebrainpatternsthatarisewhentheythinkaboutstrangers.Thisfindingsuggeststhat,inthemind’seye,ourfutureselveslooklikeotherpeople.Ifyouseefutureyouasadifferentperson,whyshouldyousavemoney,eathealthierorexercisemoreregularlytobenefitthatstranger?(当人们想到未来的自己时，核磁共振成像显示的大脑模式与他们想到陌生人时的大脑模式最相似。这一发现表明，在大脑眼中，我们未来的自己看起来和其他人很像。如果你把未来的自己看作是一个不同的人，为什么你要为了那个陌生人而存钱、吃得更健康或更有规律地锻炼呢？)”可知，本段通过设问来引出下文，产生进一步的讨论，为什么要和未来的自己建立联系。故选A项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“ApaperinthejournalPLOSOnerevealedthatcollegestudentswhoexperiencedagreatersenseofconnectionandsimilaritytotheirfutureselvesweremorelikelytoachieveacademicsuccess.Relationshipswithourfutureselvesalsomatterforgeneralpsychologicalwellbeing.InaprojectledbyJosephReiff,whichincludes5,000adultsage20to75,hefoundthatthosewhoperceivedagreatoverlap(重叠)intraitsbetweentheircurrentandfutureselvesendedupbeingmoresatisfiedwiththeirlives10yearsafterfillingouttheinitialsurvey.(发表在《公共科学图书馆·综合》(PLOSOne)杂志上的一篇论文显示，与未来的自己有更强联系感和相似性的大学生更有可能取得学业上的成功。与未来自我的关系也关系到整体的心理健康。在约瑟夫·赖夫(JosephReiff)领导的一个项目中，他对5000名年龄在20岁到75岁之间的成年人进行了调查。他发现，那些认为现在的自己和未来的自己在特征上有很大重合的人，在填写最初的调查问卷10年后，对自己的生活更满意)”可知，作者通过参考先前的发现来证明他的陈述。故选C项。【14题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段“Sohowcanwebetterbefriendourfutureselvesandfeelmoreconnectedtotheirfates?Thepsychologicalmindsetwithwhatwecall“vividnessinterventions”works.Wehavefound,forinstance,thatshowingpeopleimagesoftheirolder,grayerselvesincreasesintentionstosaveforthelongterm.Besides,youmighttrywritingaletterto—andthenfrom—yourfutureself.AsdemonstratedbyYutaChishimaandAnneWilsonintheir2020studyinthejournalSelfandIdentity,whenhighschoolstudentsengagedinthistypeof“sendandreply”exercise,theyexperiencedelevatedlevelsoffeelingsofsimilaritywiththeirfutureselves.(那么，我们如何才能更好地与未来的自己交朋友，并与他们的命运更紧密地联系在一起呢？我们称之为“生动干预”的心理心态起作用了。例如，我们发现，向人们展示他们年老、白发苍苍的自己的照片会增加他们长期储蓄的意愿。此外，你可以试着给未来的自己写封信。正如YutaChishima和AnneWilson在2020年发表在《自我与身份》(SelfandIdentity)杂志上的研究中所表明的那样，当高中生进行这种“发送和回复”的练习时，他们会感受到与未来自我的相似性)”可知，本段主要介绍了与未来的自己联系的方式。故选B项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Letterwritingandvisualizationexercisesarejustacoupleofwayswecanconnectwithourfutureselvesandbeyond,butthelargerlessonhereisclear:Ifwecantreatourdistantselvesasiftheyarepeoplewelove,careaboutandwanttosupport,wecanstartmakingchoicesforthemthatimproveourlives—bothtodayandtomorrow.(写信和想象练习只是我们与未来的自己以及未来的自己联系的几种方式，但这里更大的教训很清楚：如果我们能把遥远的自己当作我们爱的、关心的、想要支持的人来对待，我们就能开始为他们做出改善我们生活的选择——无论是今天还是明天)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了你的选择决定未来的幸福。故选D项。第二节(共5小题;每小题分,满分分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Thehippocampus(海马体)functionisthepartofthebrainwhichstoresmemory.Thinkofitlikeahuman’sinnerharddrive.___16___LearnSomethingNewDuetothewaythehippocampusworks,whenyoulearnsomethingnew,youbuildnewneural(神经元的)pathwaysandstrengthentheonesthatalreadyexist.___17___Researchersfoundthatwhenyouengageinlongtermlearning,newneuralactivitypatternswereobserved.Thisestablishedaclearrelationshipbetweenpatternsandnewbehavioralabilities.ExerciseYoucangeneratenewhippocampineuronsbyexercising.Afamousneuronalstudyparedthebrainsoftwodifferentgroupsofmice.___18___Themicewiththewheelproducedanabundanceofnewneuronsintheirhippocampus.Thegroupwithoutaccessproducedfarless.Mostexerciseswillhelpthebrainandhippocampusfunctioninsomeway.Ifyou’researchingforanexercisewhichisparticularlybraineffective,thenfitnesscenterisagreatplacetostart.___19___Youcandoanythingfromwalking,running,cycling,swimming,boxing,rowingandevendancing!EatDarkChocolateDarkchocolatereleasesdopamine(多巴胺),whichisgreatforfastlearningandmemory.Indeed,studieshaveshownthateatingchocolatecanincreasecerebralbloodflowandpromotesynaptogenesis(突触发生).Thisistheformationofsynapses(突触)betweenourneurons.Theyaccumulateinthehippocampus,whichisthepartofthebrainassociatedwithmemory.___20___Darkchocolatealsoreleasesantioxidants(抗氧化剂).Thismeansthatyounolongerhavetofeelguiltyabouttuckingintothatboxofchocolate!A.Thinkofitlikebuildingblocks!B.Butthebenefitsdon’tstopthere.C.Darkchocolatehasseveralbenefits.D.Luckyforyou,there’sabunchofdifferentexercisesoutthere.E.Andjustlikeactualharddrives,wecanboostitsperformance.F.Thefirstgrouphadaccesstoarunningwheel,theseconddidnot.GTherearemanythingsyoucandotohelpimproveyourmemory.【答案】16.E17.A18.F19.D20.B【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。本文介绍了什么是海马体，以及提高记忆力的方法。【16题详解】根据前文“Thehippocampus(海马体)functionisthepartofthebrainwhichstoresmemory.Thinkofitlikeahuman’sinnerharddrive.(海马体是大脑中储存记忆的部分。把它想象成人类的内部硬盘)”可知，E项“Andjustlikeactualharddrives,wecanboostitsperformance.(就像真正的硬盘一样，我们可以提高它的性能)”能承接前文，并引出下文，其中harddrives为同词复现。故选E项。【17题详解】分析设空，位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“Duetothewaythehippocampusworks,whenyoulearnsomethingnew,youbuildnewneural(神经元的)pathwaysandstrengthentheonesthatalreadyexist.(由于海马体的工作方式，当你学习新东西时，你会建立新的神经通路，并加强已经存在的神经通路)”可知，A项“Thinkofitlikebuildingblocks!(把它想象成积木!)”是前文的生动比喻，起到总结作用。故选A项。【18题详解】根据前文“Youcangeneratenewhippocampineuronsbyexercising.Afamousneuronalstudyparedthebrainsoftwodifferentgroupsofmice.(你可以通过锻炼产生新的海马体神经元。一项著名的神经元研究比较了两组不同老鼠的大脑)”以及后文“Themicewiththewheelproducedanabundanceofnewneuronsintheirhippocampus.Thegroupwithoutaccessproducedfarless.(有错综复杂的机构的老鼠在海马体中产生了大量的新神经元。没有错综复杂的机构的一组产出的要少得多)”可知，空处应是过渡句，由前文的实验过渡到结果，所以F项“Thefirstgrouphadaccesstoarunningwheel,theseconddidnot.”（第一组有错综复杂的机构，第二组没有）符合文意，是对实验的进一步说明，得到下文的结果。故选F项。【19题详解】根据前文“Mostexerciseswillhelpthebrainandhippocampusfunctioninsomeway.Ifyou’researchingforanexercisewhichisparticularlybraineffective,thenfitnesscenterisagreatplacetostart.(大多数锻炼都会以某种方式帮助大脑和海马体发挥作用。如果你正在寻找一种对大脑特别有效的运动，那么健身中心就是一个很好的开始)”以及后文“Youcandoanythingfromwalking,running,cycling,swimming,boxing,rowingandevendancing!(你可以做任何事情，从散步，跑步，骑自行车，游泳，拳击，划船，甚至跳舞!)”可知，空处应是过渡句，由锻炼对海马体的好处，过渡到具体的锻炼运动，所以D项“Luckyforyou,there’sabunchofdifferentexercisesoutthere.(你很幸运，有很多不同的锻炼)”符合文意，引出下文，其中exercises为同词复现。故选D项。【20题详解】根据前文“Darkchocolatereleasesdopamine(多巴胺),whichisgreatforfastlearningandmemory.Indeed,studieshaveshownthateatingchocolatecanincreasecerebralbloodflowandpromotesynaptogenesis(突触发生).Thisistheformationofsynapses(突触)betweenourneurons.Theyaccumulateinthehippocampus,whichisthepartofthebrainassociatedwithmemory.(黑巧克力会释放多巴胺，有助于快速学习和记忆。事实上，研究表明，吃巧克力可以增加脑血流量，促进突触形成。这是我们神经元之间突触的形成。它们积聚在海马体中，海马体是大脑中与记忆有关的部分)”可知，是在讲述黑巧克力对海马体的好处，再根据后文“Darkchocolatealsoreleasesantioxidants(抗氧化剂)(黑巧克力也会释放抗氧化剂).”可知，是在讲述黑巧克力的另一个好处，所以B项“Butthebenefitsdon’tstopthere.(但好处还不止于此)”符合文意，起到承上启下的作用。故选B项。第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。AndrewPowellwaspullingenvelopesfromthelargemailboxoutsidehiscontemporaryhousewhenhenoticedsomething___21___:Atinydollcoupleweresittingonaloveseatinsidethemailbox.Asmallnotewasattached.“We’vedecidedtolivehere,”the___22___read.ItwassignedfromMaryandShelley.Andrewinitiallyfiguredthatsomebodymusthaveleftthemthere___23___.Soheaskedtheneighborswhetheranybodyhadleft___24___inhismailbox,andeveryonesaidno.Soon,Andrewandhiswifediscoveredthatthesmallcouplehad___25___ateatable,aprettycarpetandapillow.Overthenextfewmonths,additionalitemsmysteriously___26___:abed,apaintingandawoodburningstove,tonameafew.ForChristmas2022,adecoratedtreewasleft