军队文职-英语-英译汉-热点生活类

军队文职-英语-英译汉-热点生活类[问答题]1.

Practice1Healthypeoplewithstressfuljobswhoworklonghoursb（江南博哥）utgetlittlesatisfactionfromwhattheydohavetwicetheriskofdyingfromheartdiseaseassatisfiedemployees,accordingtoastudy.Jobstresshasbeenknowntotriggerheartproblemsinpeoplewhoalreadyhavecardiovasculardisease.NowFinnishscientistshavenowshownthateveninhealthypeoplethepressuresofworkcantaketheirtoll.Obesity,highbloodpressure,lackofexercise,smokingandbeingoverweightcontributetoheartdisease—aleadingkillerinmanyindustrializedcountries.ButMikaKivimaki,oftheFinnishInstituteofOccupationalHealth,andhiscolleagues,whostudiedthemedicalhistoriesof812healthyFinnishmenandwomeninametalindustrycompanyover25years,saidjobstressalsoplaysanimportantrole.Workerswhohadthehighestjob-relatedstresslevelsatthestartofthestudyweremorethantwiceaslikelytodieofheartdisease,accordingtothestudypublishedinTheBritishMedicalJournal.Workstressinvolvestoomuchworkaswellasalackofsatisfactionandfeelingundervaluedandunappreciated.Manypeopleworklonghoursbutiftheeffortisrewardingthestressisminimized.Kivimakisaidjobpressureisdamagingwhenbeingoverworkediscombinedwithlittleornocontrol,unfairsupervisionandfewcareeropportunities.TheBritishHeartFoundationsaidtheresultssupportearlierresearchshowingthatpeopleinjobswithlowcontrol,suchasmanualworkers,couldbeatgreaterriskofheartdiseasethanotheremployees."Itisadvisableforpeopletotrytominimizelevelsofstressatworkandforemployerstoallowpeopletohavemorecontrolatworkandtoberewardedfortheirsuccesses,"thefoundationsaidinastatement.提交答案[问答题]2.

Practice2Tearscanruinmake-up,bringconversationtoastop,andgiveyouarunnynose.Theycanleaveyouembarrassedandwithoutenergy.However,cryingisafactoflife,andtearsareveryuseful.Evenwhenyou’renotcrying,youreyesusedtoexpressingemotion.Thesecreateafilmovertheeye'ssurface.Thisfilmcontainsasubstancethatprotectsyoureyesagainstinfection.Tearsrelievestress,butwetendtofightthemforallsortsofreasons."Peopleworryaboutshowingtheiremotions.They'reafraidthatoncetheylosecontrol,they'llnevergetitback,"explainspsychologistDorothyRowe."AsChildrenweweresometimespunishedforsheddingtearsorexpressinganger.Asadultswestillfeartheconsequencesofshowingemotions."Almostanyemotion-goodorbad,happyorsad-cancausetears.Cryingisawaythatwereleasebuilt-upemotions.Tearshelpyouwhenyoufeelyouarereadytoexplodebecauseofverystrongfeelings.Itmayexplainwhypeoplewhoareafraidtocryoftensuffermoreheartattacksthanpeoplewhocrymorefreely.Whensomepeoplebecomeverystressed,however,theycan'tcry.Theymaybefeelingshock,anger,fear,orgrief,buttheyrepresstheemotion."Everyonehastheneedtocry，"says?psychotherapistVeraDiamond.Sometimesintherapysessions,patientsparticipateincryingexercises.Theypracticecryingsothattheycangetusedtoexpressingemotion.Diamondsaysit'sbesttocryinsafe,privateplaces,likeunderthebedcoverorinthecar.That'sbecausemanypeoplegetuncomfortablewhenotherscryinfrontofthem.Infact,theymayberepressingtheirownneedtocry.Incertainsituations,suchasatwork,tearsarenotappropriate.It’sgoodtoholdbacktearsduringatensebusinessdiscussion."Butonceyouaresafelybehindcloseddoors,don'tjustcry,"Diamondsays.Shesuggeststhatyouactoutthewholesituationagainandbeasnoisyandangryasyoulike.Itwillhelpyoufeelbetter."And,"sheadds,"onceyourtearshavereleasedthestress,youcanbegintothinkoflogicalwaystodealwiththeproblem."Tearsareasignofourabilitytofeel.Youshouldneverbeafraidtocry.提交答案[问答题]3.

Practice3Fortherestofthemonth,anepidemic(流行病)willsweepacrosstheUS.Itwillkeepkidshomefromschool.Collegestudentswillignorepilesofhomework.Employeeswillsuddenlylosetheirabilitiestoconcentrate.Thedisease,knownas“MarchMadness”,referstotheyearly65-teamUSmen’scollegebasketballtournament.ItbeginsonMarch15andlaststhroughthebeginningofApril.Teamscompeteagainsteachotherinasingleeliminationtournamentthateventuallycrownsanationalchampion.Nearly20millionAmericanswillfindthemselvesprisonersofbasketballfestivalmadness.Thefuncomespartlyfromguessingthewinnersforeverygame.Friendscompeteagainstfriends,husbandsagainstwives,andcolleaguesagainstbosses.Big-nameschoolsareusuallyfavoredtoadvanceintothetournament.Buteachyeartherearedarkhorsesfromlittle-knownuniversities.Thisaddstothemadness.Watchingateamfromaschoolwith3,000studentsbeatateamfromaschoolwith30,000,formanyAmericans,isanexcitingexperience.Lastyear,thelittle-knownGeorgeMasonUniversitywasoneofthefinalfourteams.Manypeoplehadneverevenheardoftheuniversitybeforethetournament.Collegebasketballplayersarenotpaid,sothegameismoreaboutmakinganamefortheiruniversityandthemselves.Butthatdoesn’tmeanmoneyisn’tinvolved.About$4billionwillbespentgamblingontheevent.AccordingtoMediaLifemagazine,theeventwilldrawover$500millioninadvertisingrevenuethisyear,toppingthepost-seasonrevenue,includingthatoftheNBA(全国篮球协会).提交答案[问答题]4.

Practice4TheUnitedStatesperceivesitselftobeamiddle-classnation.However,middleclassisnotarealdesignation,nordoesitcarryprivileges(特权).Itismoreofaperception,whichprobablywasastrueasitevercouldberightafterWorldWarII.Theeconomywasgrowing,moreandmorepeopleownedtheirownhomes,workershadsolidcontractswiththecompaniesthatemployedthem,andnearlyeveryonewhowantedahighereducationcouldhaveone.Successfulpeopleenjoyedupwardsocialmobility.Theymayhavestartedoutpoor,buttheycouldbecomerich.Successfulpeoplealsofoundthattheyhadgreatergeographicmobility,Inotherwords,theyfoundthemselvesmovingtoandlivinginavarietyofplaces.Themiddleclasscollectivelyholdsseveralvaluesandprinciples.Onestrongvalueistheneedtoearnenoughmoneytofeelthatdetermineone’sowneconomicfate.Inaddition,middle-classmorality(道德观)embracesprinciplesofindividualresponsibility,importanceoffamily,obligationstoothers,andbelievinginsomethingoutsideoneself.Butinthe1990sthoseinthemiddleclassfoundthattherewasapriceforsuccess.AU.S.New&WorldReportsurveyin1994indicatedthat75percentofAmericansbelievedthatclassfamiliescouldnolongermakeendsmeet.Bothspousesnowworked,asdidofthechildren;longcommutesbecameroutine;theneedforchildcareputstrainsonthefamilies;andpublicschoolswerenotasgoodastheyoncewere.Membersofthemiddleclasswerenolongerfinancingtheirlifestylesthroughearningsbutwereusingcredittostayafloat.Theunderstandingofjustwhatmiddleclassmeantwaschanging.提交答案[问答题]5.

Practice5Breakfastisnotonlythemostimportantmealoftheday,itisalsothemostneglectedorskipped.Commonreasonsfornoteatingbreakfastincludelackoftime,notfeelinghungry,traditionaldislikeforbreakfast,anddieting.Breakfastsimplymeans“breakthefast.”Yourbodyspendsatleastsixtotwelvehourseachnightinafastingstate.Inthemorningyourbodyneedsenergytorevup(转动起来)intohighgearfortheday’sworkahead.Ifyouskipbreakfast,youarelikelytoconcentratelesseffectivelyinthelatemorning,feelirritable,short-tempered(易怒的),tired,orweak.Whenyouchoosenottoeatbreakfast,yourbodystaysinslowgear.Also,peoplewhoskipbreakfastoftenbinge(无节制的大吃)laterinthedayatothermealsoreatahigh-calorie(高卡路里)snackinthemorning.Breakfasteaterstendtoeatlessfatduringtheday,havemorestrengthandenduranceandbetterconcentrationandproblem-solvingability.Agoodbreakfastshouldprovideupto1/3ofyourtotalcalorieneedsfortheday.Ontheaverage,weeat400lesscaloriesforbreakfastthanfordinner.Ifbreakfastdoesn’tappealtoyouinthemorning,tryeatingalighter-dinner,earlierintheeveningorsavehalfyourdinnerforbreakfastinthemorning.Ifyoustillaren’thungryinthemorning,startwithsomethingsmalllikejuiceortoastorhaveamid-morningsnacklaterwhenyouarehungry.Noteatingbreakfastcanalsocauseyoutoovereat,sinceafallinbloodsugaroftenmakesyoufeelveryhungrylater.Tomakemattersworse,sinceyourbodyisinaslowedstate,itwillnotbeabletoburnthoseextracaloriesveryefficiently.Ifyoufeedyourbodyhealthysnacksandmealsthroughouttheday,youarelesslikelytobecomeextremelyhungryandstuffyourselfassoonasyoubegintoeat.Sincebreakfastisthefirstandmostimportantmealoftheday,choosingtherightfuelisimportant.Thebestbreakfastfoodsarefruits,juice,leanmeat,andgrainproductssuchasbreads,rice,noodles,andcereals.提交答案[问答题]6.

Practice6It’ssummer.IntheUnitedStates,it’stheseasonofswimmingpools,barbeques(户外烤肉),campingandroadtrips.Roadtripvacationswherethecarjourneyispartofthefunareespeciallypopularwithcollegestudents,wholiketoexplorethecountryonwheels.Thesebudgettripsareidealforstudentswhooftenhaveplentyoffreetimebutlittlemoney.Drivingtripsfirstbecamepopularinthe1920s.Newlypavedroadsandimprovedcarsmadeitpossibletotravellongerdistances.Motels(汽车旅馆)startedappearingoutsidecities.Bythe1950s,carownershipbecamethenorm.ConstructionoftheUSinterstate(州际的)highwaysystembeganin1956andmotelandrestaurantchainspoppedup(突然出现)everywheremakinglongdistancetripseasier.Today,theUShasthehighestcarownershiprateintheworld.Only8percentofAmericanhomeshavenocar,accordingtothemostrecentUScensus.Thoughmanycollegestudentsdon’townacar,mosthaveaccesstoone.Hawkins’mostmemorableroadtriptookplaceoverspringbreak.HeandtwofriendsdrovefromNewYorktoNewOrleanstovolunteer,helpingrebuildthecityafterHurricane(风暴)KatrinahititlastJuly.Theycrossedthecountryintwodaysandsleptintheircarinchurchparkinglots.Roberts’roadtriptoCanadalastwinterwasevenmoreeventful.UponarrivinginMontreal,theywerelostinablizzardandshiveringinthe-25°cold.Tofindtheirhotel,theyturnedonalaptop(笔记本电脑)anddrovearoundincirclesuntiltheyfoundaspotwithwirelessInternetcoverage.“Iknowweshouldhaveplannedbetter,butwe’reyoung.Now,whenIseethoseguysIalwayssay:‘Rememberwhenwewerelostinthesnowstorm!’I’llneverforgetthat.”提交答案[问答题]7.

Practice7BobandClaraDarlington,whoownandrunafarmintheNorthofEngland,havealwayslookedfornewwaysofmakingmoneyoutoftheproducetheygrow.Theirsuccessbeganwhentheyestablishedashopontheirfarm,sothatpeoplecouldcomeandbuyfreshvegetablesdirectlyfromthem.Thebusinesswasanimmediatesuccess,andsoonscoredtopmarksinacompetitionsetupbytheFarmRetailAssociationtofindthebestfarmshopinthecountry.TheAssociation’sinspectorsfoundtheDarlingtons’shopofferedexcellentserviceandvalueformoneyaswellasqualityfruitandvegetables.ClaraDarlingtonisatrainedchefand,inadditiontoarangeofhome-grownfoodsandotherlocalproduce,shebeganofferingavarietyofpreparedmealswhichshehadmadeherselfinthefarm-housekitchen.Asmallcafealongsidethefarmshopwassoonadded,witheverythingthatvisitorscouldtasteonthemenualsobeingforsaleintheshop.Claraadmitsthatstartingthebusinesswasexpensive,andshehasworkedveryhard,butmaintainsthatiftheproductisgood,thepublicrecognizethisandbuyit.“Iaimtoofferthehighestqualitytoourcustomers,whethertheycomeinforaloafofbread,ortakeawholedinner-partymenu.Itakeitasacompliment（恭维）ifpeopletakehomeoneofmydishestoservetotheirfamilyandfriendsandgetawaywithpretendingtheymadeitthemselves.”提交答案[问答题]8.

Practice8Myhusband,at74,isthebabyofhisbridgegroup,whichincludesawomanof85andamanof89.Thischallenginggamedemandsanexcellentmemory(forbids,cardsplayed,rulesandsoon)andanabilitytothinkstrategicallyandreadsubtlepsychologicalcues.Neverhavinghadaheadforcards,Icontinuetobeamazedbythementalagilityoftheseseptuagenariansandoctogenarians.Thebrain,likeeveryotherpartofthebody,changeswithage,andthosechangescanimpedeclearthinkingandmemory.Yetmanyolderpeopleseemtoremainsharpasatackwellintotheir80sandbeyond.Althoughtheirpacemayhaveslowed,theycontinuetowork,travel,attendplaysandconcerts,playcardsandboardgames,studyforeignlanguages,designbuildings,workwithcomputers,writebooks,dopuzzles,knitorperformothermentallychallengingtasksthatcanbefuddlepeoplemuchyounger.Severalstudiesofnormalaginghavefoundthathigherlevelsofeducationalattainmentwereassociatedwithslowercognitiveandfunctionaldecline.Butbrainstimulationdoesnothavetostopwiththediploma.Better-educatedpeoplemaygoontochoosemoreintellectuallydemandingoccupationsandpursuebrain-stimulatinghobbies,resultinginaformoflifelonglearning.Ifyou’redoingthesamethingoverandoveragain,withoutintroducingnewmentalchallenges,itwon’tbebeneficial.Thus,aswithmuscles,it’s“useitorloseit.”Thebrainrequirescontinuedstressestomaintainorenhanceitsstrength.Long-termstudiesinothercountries,includingSwedenandChina,havealsofoundthatcontinuedsocialinteractionshelpedprotectagainstdementia.Themoreextensiveanolderperson’ssocialnetwork,thebetterthebrainislikelytowork.Especiallyhelpfulareproductiveormentallystimulatingactivitiespursuedwithotherpeople,likecommunitygardening,takingclasses,volunteeringorparticipatinginaplay-readinggroup.Perhapsthemostdirectroutetoafitmindisthroughafitbody.Justwalkingfastfor30to60minutesseveraltimesaweekcanhelp.Eventhosewhostartexercisingintheir60scuttheirriskofdementiainhalf.提交答案[问答题]9.

Practice9Youthunemploymentacrosstheworldhasclimbedtoanewhighandislikelytoclimbfurtherthisyear,aUnitedNationsagencysaidThursday,whilewarningofa“lostgeneration”asmoreyoungpeoplegiveupthesearchforwork.Theagency,theInternationalLaborOrganization,saidinareportthatofsome620millionyoungpeopleages15to24intheworkforce,about81millionwereunemployedattheendof2009—thehighestlevelintwodecadesofrecord-keepingbytheorganization,whichisbasedinGeneva.“There’sneverbeenanincreaseofthismagnitude—bothintermsoftherateandthelevel—sincewe’vebeentrackingthedata,”saidStevenKapsos,aneconomistwiththeorganization.Theagencyforecastthattheglobalyouthunemploymentratewouldcontinuetoincreasethrough2010,to13.1percent,astheeffectsoftheeconomicdownturncontinue.Itshouldthendeclineto12.7percentin2011.InsomeespeciallystrainedEuropeancountries,includingSpainandBritain,manyyoungpeoplehavebecomediscouragedandgivenupthejobhunt,itsaid.Thetrendwillhave“significantconsequencesforyoungpeople,”asmoreandmorejointheranksofthealreadyunemployed,itsaid.Thathasthepotentialtocreatea“‘lostgeneration’comprisedofyoungpeoplewhohavedroppedoutofthelabormarket,havinglostallhopeofbeingabletoworkforadecentliving.”ThereportstudiedtheGerman,British,SpanishandEstonianlabormarketsandfoundthatGermanyhadbeenmostsuccessfulinbringingdownlong-termyouthunemployment.InSpainandBritain,increasesinunemploymentwereparticularlypronouncedforthosewithlowereducationlevels.DatafromEurostat