外研版英语选修八讲义Module1DeepSouthSectionⅣGrammarWord版含答案

SectionⅣGrammar复习主语和动词1．(教材P2)Coveringabout14millionsquarekilometresaroundtheSouthPole,itisthefifthlargestcontinentintheworld.2．(教材P2)Antarcticaholds(hold)90%oftheworld’sice,andmostofitsfreshwater(70%)is(be)inafrozenstate,ofcourse.3．(教材P2)98%ofthesurfaceiscovered(cover)permanentlyintheicecap.4．(教材P2)Itisdifficulttoimagine(imagine)amoreinhospitableplace.5．(教材P5)Protecting(protect)Antarcticafromnucleartestsandradioactivewasteis(be)veryimportanttothiscontinent.6．(教材P5)Whatthetreatyaimstodois(be)topreventthemercialandmilitaryuseofthecontinent.7．(教材P7)Butwhenlandcameintosight,theEndurancebecametrapped(trap)intheiceandbegantobreakup.8．(教材P7)ShackletonandhismenwatchedtheEndurancesink(sink)intotheicysea.主语主语是句子动作的发出者，是句子叙述的主体，是句子所要说明的人或事物，表示句子描述的是“谁”或“什么”。主语可由名词(短语)、代词、the＋形容词、数词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句等充当，通常位于谓语动词前。◆(安徽卷)Youcanaskanyoneforhelp.Everyonehereiswillingtolendyouahand．(代词)你可以向任何一个人求助，这里的每一个人都愿意帮助你。◆(湖南卷)Understandingyourownneedsandstylesofmunicationisasimportantaslearningtoconveyyouraffectionandemotions．(动名词)理解你自己的需要和交流风格与学会表达你的喜爱和情感一样重要。◆(2016·北京卷)Themostpleasantthingoftherainyseasonisthatonecanbeentirelyfreefromdust．(名词)雨季最令人愉快的事是人们可以完全摆脱灰尘。◆Twothirdsofthesepostsareopentofreshcollegegraduates．(数词)这些岗位中，三分之二是向大学应届毕业生开放的。◆Thewoundedweretakentothehospitalimmediately．(the＋形容词)伤员被立刻送往医院。◆Togotobedearlyandtoriseearlyisagoodhabit．(不定式)早睡早起是个好习惯。◆Whethertheworkcanbepletedontimeisstillunknown．(从句)还不知道工作能否按时完成。(1)当不定式短语或从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把不定式短语或从句置于句末；在“Itisnogood/use＋doing...”句型中用动名词短语作主语。◆It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水难收。(2)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。动词动词是表示人或事物的动作或状态。动词具有数、时态和语态的变化。1．动词的分类根据动词本身的用法，可以把动词分为实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。eq\a\vs4\al(动,词)eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(\a\vs4\al(实义动词,（行为）)\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(\a\vs4\al(按可否接,宾语分)\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(及物动词：tell，ask，learn，develop，,leave等,不及物动词：go，work，e，rise，,wait等)),按性质分\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(状态动词（表示相对静止的状态）：,belong，contain，exist，know，love，,own，prefer等,\a\vs4\al(动作,动词)\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(延续性动词（动作可持续）：,work，stay，sleep等,非延续性动词（表示短暂的,动作）：arrive，lend，open，,start，leave，e等)))),)),系动词\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(①表示人或事物的特征和状态：appear，be，feel，,look，seem，smell等,②表示状态的变化：bee，e，fall，go，get，,grow，turn等,③表示某种状态的延续：continue，keep，remain等)),\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(助动词：be，do，does，did，have，has，had等,情态动词：shall（should），will（would），need，,dare等))\a\vs4\al(不能独立,作谓语)))(1)在英语中大多数动词既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词，完全是不及物动词的动词很少。常见的不及物动词：apologize，appear，arrive，e，go，run，walk，die，fall等。(2)延续性动词后面通常接表示一段时间的时间状语，如“for＋一段时间”和“since＋过去的时间点”；非延续性动词通常与表示时间点的时间状语连用，若用于否定句，也可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。2．动词的时态一般时态进行时态完成时态完成进行时态现在(1)am/is/are＋表语(2)动词原形/第三人称单数am/is/aredoinghas/havedonehas/havebeendoing过去(1)was/were＋表语(2)动词过去式was/weredoinghaddonehadbeendoing将来shall/will＋动词原形shall/willbedoingwillhavedone过去将来would＋动词原形wouldbedoingwouldhavedone◆(2016·北京卷)Jackwasworkinginthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。◆(2016·江苏卷)Hehasalreadyreceivedthreesimilarinvitationsthisweek.本周他已经收到了三个相似的邀请。3．动词各种时态的被动语态现在过去将来过去将来一般时态am/is/are＋donewas/were＋donewillbedonewouldbedone进行时态am/is/are＋beingdonewas/werebeingdone完成时态has/havebeendonehadbeendonewillhavebeendonewouldhavebeendone◆(安徽卷)Itisreportedthataspacestationwillbebuiltonthemooninyearstoe.据报道，人们在接下来的几年里将在月球上建一个空间站。◆(天津卷)Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilmshavebeenproducedallovertheworld.在过去的几年里，全世界拍摄了成千上万的电影。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)单句语法填空1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Running(run)ischeap,easyandit’salwaysenergetic.2．(2017·江苏卷)Hehurriedhome,neveroncelookingbacktoseeifhewasbeingfollowed(follow)．3．(2017·天津卷)Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming,isregarded(regard)asoneofthebestall­roundformsofexercise.4．(湖南卷)Allweneedis(be)asmallpieceoflandwherewecanplantvariouskindsoffruittreesthroughoutthegrowingseasonsoftheyear.5．(江西卷)ItisunbelievablethatMr.Lucasleadsasimplelifedespitehisgreatwealth.6．(浙江卷)Nomatterhowbrightatalkeryouare,therearetimeswhenit’sbettertoremain(remain)silent.7．(2019·长春外国语高二期中)Christmasisthemostimportantfestivalinthewesternworld.Itfalls(fall)onDecember25.8．Toteach(teach)thethreechildrenismyjobthisafternoon,whichIhavebeenpreparingforforthreedays.9．One­thirdofthecountryiscoveredwithtreesandthemajorityofthecitizensareblackpeople．(be)10．Tom’sentering(enter)theclassroomwithoutpermissionmadetheteacherveryangry.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)单句改错1．(2017·北京卷)Inthe1950sintheUSA,mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome,andwirelessphoneshadn’tinventedyet.在invented前加been2．Generally,theyoungismoreactivethantheoldinsuchwork.is→are3．Keeponstudyinglateintothenightisnotagoodway,whichweshouldnotfollow.Keep→Keeping4．Thatstruckmemostinthemoviewasthefather’sdeeploveforhisson.That→What5．HereceivedasetofChinesevasesconsistsofsixtypieces.consists→consistingeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)语法与写作1．Seenfromtheplane(从飞机上看),theAntarcticlooksverybeautiful(看起来非常美丽)．2．ReadingEnglishaloud(大声朗读英文)in