课时作业7Unit3Theworldofscience教学知识细解码含解析必修第三册

观千剑而后识器,操千曲而后晓声泰戈尔曾说过:“只有经历过地狱般的磨练，才能炼出创造天堂的力量；只有流过血的手指才能弹奏出世间的绝唱。”课时分层作业(七)Ⅰ.单词拼写根据首字母或汉语提示完成下列句子。1．Youaregoodatchemistry，soyouwouldmakeagoodchemist．2．Whatwouldyoudo，forinstance，ifyoufoundamemberofstaffstealing?3．Icanworkouttheproblemanditisreallybeyondmyability.4．Asabiologist，Darwincontributedalottotheunderstandingofhumanevolution.5．Althoughhewasinjuredduringthegame，heheldoutuntilthelast.6．Weshouldtranslatethissentenceinpassive(被动的)voice.7．Hisfather'swordshadasignificant(重大的)influenceonhisfuture.8．Thespecialspecies(物种)herearerarelyseeninotherplacesoftheworld.9．Whatabrilliant(聪明的)ideatogooutingwiththewholefamilyinsunnyday.10．Accordingtothetheory(理论)ofrelativity，nothingcantravelfasterthanlight.Ⅱ.阅读理解A(2021·江西宜春检测)ResearchersfromtheMITMediaLab,BostonChildren'sHospital,andNortheasternUniversityusedaroboticteddybear，“Huggable”，acrosstheBostonChildren'sHospital.Morethan50hospitalizedchildrenweredividedintothreegroupsthatinvolvedHuggable,atablet­basedvirtualHuggable,oratraditionaltoyteddybear.Ingeneral,theroboticHuggablewasprovedtohelpbringmorepositiveoutcomesovertheothertwochoices.Whenfirstdesigned,Huggablewasoperatedremotelybyaspecialistoutsideachild'sroomforthemoment.Throughsoftware，thespecialistcouldcontroltherobot'sfacialexpressionsandbodyactions.Thespecialistscouldalsotalkthroughaspeaker—withtheirvoiceautomaticallychangedtoasoundmorechildlike—andmonitortheparticipantsviacameras.DuringthetreatmentsinvolvingHuggableforkidsaged3to10years,aspecialistwouldsingnurseryrhymestoyoungerchildrenthroughtheroboticbearandmovethearmsduringthesong.OlderkidswouldplaytheISpygame,wheretheyhadtoguessanobjectintheroomdescribedbythespecialistthroughHuggable.Throughself­reportsandquestionnaires，theresearchersrecordedhowmuchthepatientsandtheirfamilieslikedHuggable.AgreaterpercentageofchildrenandtheirparentsreportedthatthechildrenenjoyedplayingwithHuggablemorethanwiththevirtualfigureorthetraditionalteddybear.ThestudyprovedthepossibilityofincludingHuggableinthetreatmentsforchildren.ResultsalsoshowedthatchildrenplayingwithHuggableexperiencedmorepositiveemotionsoverall.Theyalsogotoutofbedandmovedaroundmore,andwereemotionallyconnectedwiththerobot,askingitpersonalquestionsandinvitingittocomebacklatertomeettheirfamilies.“Suchimprovedemotionalandphysicaloutcomesareallpositivefactorsthatcouldcontributetohospitalizedchildren'sbetterandfasterrecovery，”theresearcherswroteintheirstudy.ThestudyalsoprovidedabasisfordevelopingafullyautonomousHuggablerobot,whichistheresearchers'finalgoal.Inthefuture,thatautomatedrobotcouldbeusedtoimprovechildren'sfurthertreatmentandcare,andmonitortheirwell­being.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一种用于照顾住院儿童的机器泰迪熊。研究人员在波士顿儿童医院使用机器泰迪熊Huggable来辅助治疗儿童患者。研究证明自动化机器人可以用来提高儿童的进一步治疗和护理。1．WhatcanwelearnaboutHuggable?A．Itwasfirstdesignedfordisabledkids.B．Itcanmakefacialexpressions.C．Ittalkslikeacaringparent.D．Itworksautomatically.D[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thespecialistscouldalsotalkthroughaspeaker—withtheirvoiceautomaticallychangedtoasoundmorechildlike—andmonitortheparticipantsviacameras.”可知，Huggable是自动化操作。故选D。]2．What'sthechildren'sattitudetowards“Huggable”？A.Favorable. B．Conventional.C．Disappointing. D．Unhelpful.A[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“AgreaterpercentageofchildrenandtheirparentsreportedthatthechildrenenjoyedplayingwithHuggablemorethanwiththevirtualfigureorthetraditionalteddybear.”可知，孩子们更愿意和Huggable一起玩，对它持肯定态度。故选A。]3．HowdidHuggablehelpthehospitalizedchildrenwiththeirtreatment?A．Itimprovedtheirmentalexperience.B．Itprotectedthemfrompossibleviruses.C．Itgavetipsontakinggoodcareofyoungpatients.D．Itprovidedup­to­dateinformationabouttheirdiseases.A[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的内容可知，Huggable通过改善孩子们的精神体验帮助他们的治疗。故选A。]4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Thefastdevelopmentofrobotsinmedicalarea.B．Anewtechnologyinmedicinetotreatchildren.C．Robots'advantagesoverothermethodsoftreatment.D．Aroboticteddybearusedincaringforhospitalizedchildren.D[主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“ResearchersfromtheMITMediaLab，BostonChildren'sHospital，andNortheasternUniversityusedaroboticteddybear，‘Huggable’，acrosstheBostonChildren'sHospital”以及下文对这项研究的介绍可知，文章主要介绍了一种用于照顾住院儿童的机器泰迪熊。故选D。]BExpertsbelievethatthebesttimetoteachkidslanguageskillsiswhentheyarebabies.Mosttimethetaskiseasilyaccomplished，insomecasesthatisnotpossibleduetobusyworkschedulesorwhenkidsareborndeaf.Now，anadorableblue­eyedrobot，ahumanavatar，andsomehigh­techneurosciencemaybeabletoassistparentswiththisimportantdevelopmentaltask.TheRobotAvatarthermal­Enhancedsystem，orRAVE，isthebrainchildofateamofresearchersledbyLaura­AnnPetitto，aneducationalneuroscientist，atWashingtonD．C.'sGallaudetUniversity.Thelearningprocessbeginswhentherobot'scamera，whichisfocusedonthebaby'sface，detectstinychangesinhis/herbodytemperature.This，combinedwiththebaby'sfacialexpression，causestherobottoturnitsheadandguidethebaby'sattentiontoacomputerscreen，onwhichahumanavatarstartstocommunicatewiththebaby，muchlikeaparentwould.Forexample，ifthebabypointstowardsthescreen，theavatarmightrespond，“Areyoupointingtome？”andfollowthatupwithanurseryrhyme，fairytale，orsomeessentialsocialcommunication，allinAmericanSignLanguage(ASL)．The“conversation”continuesuntilthekidlosesinterest.Theresearchers，whohavebeentestingthesystemforthreeyears，foundthatbabiesasyoungas6to8monthsoldbegantomovetheirhandsinarhythmsimilartoASLafterinteractingwithRAVEforjustafewminutes.Petittosaysnaturallanguage，whethercommunicatedthroughspeechorsign，activatesthesamepartsofthebrainandbelievestherhythmicmotionsprovethebabiesarelearningtheessentialelementsofcommunication.Whatsetsthistechniqueapartfromothermethods，suchasshowingeducationalvideosortelevisionshows，isitsinteractivenatureandreal­timeresponsetothebaby'sactions.Theresearcherssaythatwhileitistooearlytodeterminethesystem'slong­terminfluenceonbabycommunication，theinitialresponsehasbeenveryencouraging.Next，theyplantointroduceanavatarthatcanbothsignandspeaktobabies.【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普说明文。主要介绍了一种可以帮助父母教婴儿学习语言的系统，以及该系统的工作原理、效果评价和研究人员对这种技术的展望。5．WhatcantheRAVEsystemhelpparentsdo?A．Improvebabies'healthcondition.B．Takegoodcareofbabies.C．Developbabies'languageskills.D．Keepbabiescompany.C[细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，专家认为教孩子语言技能的最佳时间是孩子的婴儿时期；结合第一段尾句可知，RAVE系统可以帮助父母完成教婴儿学习语言的任务，故C项正确。]6．WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytalkabout?A．HowbabieslearnASLeffectively.B．Howparentseducatetheirbabies.C．Howrobotstalkandreadtobabies.D．HowtheRAVEsystemworks.D[段落大意题。根据第二段第二、第三句可知，该段主要介绍了RAVE系统的工作原理，故D项正确。]7．WhatindicatesbabiesarelearningwiththehelpoftheRAVEsystem?A．InterestinvideosandTVshows.B．Changesintheirbodytemperature.C．Improvementintheirnaturallanguage.D．HandmovementsinarhythmlikeASL.D[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“babiesasyoung...afewminutes”可知，在和这种系统交流互动之后，婴儿就会开始以类似于ASL的节奏晃动他们的手，故D项正确。]8．WhatdotheresearchersthinkoftheRAVEsystem?A．Promising. B．Impractical.C．Satisfactory. D．Disappointing.A[观点态度题。根据第四段第二、第三句可知，尽管对这种系统培养婴儿交流技能的长期影响进行评价为时过早，但是其初期的表现令人鼓舞，研究人员将在下一步推出可以用手语和口语与婴儿交流的形象。据此可知，研究人员对这种系统的发展是充满着希望的，A项意为“很有前途的，大有希望的”，符合语境，故A项正确。]Ⅲ.阅读七选五VARtechnologyhasbeenusedinUSsportsforyears.Nowitisfullycombinedwiththeglobalgameofsoccerandmadeitsdebut(首次亮相)atthe2018WorldCuplastsummer.1．Itisactuallyateamwhoworktogethertoreviewcertaindecisionsmadebythemainrefereebywatchingvideoreplays.TheVARteamsupportedtherefereesfromacentralizevideoroom.Theoperatorsselectedandprovidedthebestanglesfromtherelevantbroadcastcamerasplustwoadditionaloffsidecameras.2．Theywillcommunicatewiththerefereesonlyforclearandobviouserrorsorseriousmissedincidents.TherefereecandelaytherestartofplayatanytimetocommunicatewiththeVARteam.3，therefereewouldstartanofficialreview.ThentheywillmakeadecisionbasedontheinformationreceivedfromtheVARteam.4．SomefansbelievethatVARcausestoomanyinterruptionswhichdisrupttheflowofthegame.Butothersjustwantafairmatch.Theyarguedisruptionshavealreadytakenplaceasangryplayerscrowdaroundarefereefollowingacontroversialdecision.5．Withmuchmoneyputintomodernsoccer，governingbodiesarenowundergreatpressuretoseethatt