名词性从句最详讲解及习题与答案

PAGEPAGE5名词性从句名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：1.连词：that（本身无意义。引导单一的宾语从句时that常可省略，但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时that通常不被省略）whether,if（均表示“是否”）asif,asthough（

均表示“好像”，“似乎”）◆以上在从句中均不充当任何成分2.连接代词：what/whatever,who/whoever,whom/whomever,whose/whosever,which/whichever.有词意，在从句中充当主语，宾语，表语，定语等。3.连接副词：when/whenever,where/wherever,how/however,why.有词意，在从句中充当状语。主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由连词that，whether，和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当一定的成分。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如：Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。Itisknowntoushowhebecameawriter.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。常用句型如下：用it作形式主语的结构Itis＋名词＋从句Itisafactthat…事实是…Itisanhonorthat…非常荣幸Itisnowonderthat难怪…(2)Itis＋形容词＋从句Itisnaturalthat…很自然…Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是…(3)Itis＋不及物动词＋从句Itseemsthat…似乎…Ithappenedthat…碰巧…Itappearsthat…似乎…Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想起……(4)It＋过去分词＋从句Itisreportedthat…据报道…Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证实…Itissaidthat…据说…另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that…Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that…众所周知的几种表达方式（1）Itisknowntousthat.（2）Asisknowntous.（3）whatisknowntousisthat.【注意】与强调句结构的区分：Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其它部分。ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型）宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。I.位置1．作动词的宾语(1)由that引导的宾语从句(that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如果从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。),例如：Iheardthatbejoinedthearmy.我听说他参军了。(2)由what,whether(if)引导的宾语从句，例如：Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.她不知道发生了什么。Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。(3)动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如：Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.她对我说她会接受我的邀请。2.作介词的宾语Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.我们的成功取决于我之间的合作。3.作形容词的宾语Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。注意：that引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等。也可以将此类词后的that从句的看作原因状语从句。II.it可以作为形式宾语1．动词make,find,think,feel,consider,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候，则需要用it做形式主语，而将that宾语从句后置。Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。IfeelitapitythatIhaven'tbeentotheget-together.我没去聚餐，感觉非常遗憾。2.动词＋it＋when/if从句.常见于appreciate,enjoy,like,dislike,love,hate,prefer等少数动词之后。Wewouldmuchappreciateitifyoucoulddo

usthatfavour.要是你们能帮我们这个忙，我们将非常感激。5.Is_____hetoldustrue?

6.Weshouldpayattentionto______theteacherissaying.

7.Ihavenodoubt_____hewillcome.

8.Ihavenoidea_____hedidthatafternoon.9._____hasmadeChina_____itisnow?10.wecan’tgetseemsbetterthanwehave.11.Acomputercanonlydoyouinstructedittodo.12.Hebecamesoangryhecouldn'tspeak.13.Thereisthecitywevisitedlastyear.14.Thereisnodoubtthepriceofcarswillgodown.15.Noneofushasaclearideatheotherswanttodo.16.Doheorshetellsyoutodo.17.hedidsurprisedus.18.hedidsosurprisedus.19.ThisisallIknow.20.ThisisIknow.21.______youhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople.22.______hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.

23.______youdon'tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.24.Thefact____heisamodelteacheriswell-known.25.Theyexpressedthehope____theywouldcomeovertoChinaagain.二、用if或whether填空1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.

2.______wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.

3.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.

4.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.

5.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.

6.Thequestionis_______heshoulddoit.

7.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion______theoldmanwillrecoversoon.

8.Idon’tknow_______togo.9.______youarenotfreetomorrow,I’llgowithoutyou.10.Itdependsonshewillcome.11.Ihavenoideahewillbeback.12.Wemuststicktoourpromiseorno.13.Itisvaluable,Ican'tsay.14.Idon’tknowheislyingornot.15.Ididn’tknowtolaughortocry.三．It作形式主语和形式宾语1.Iwouldappreciateit_____youcallbackthisafternoonforthedoctor'sappointment.（上海卷2003）A.until

B.if

C.when

D.that2.Idon'tthink_____possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchwork.(MET1990)A.this

B.that

C.its

D.it3.Wealltook_____forgrantedthathewouldagreewithus.(MET1987)A.it

B.him

C.that

D.what4.______thatyouarenotlateforschoolagain.

A.Seeto

B.Lookto

C.Seetoit

D.Lookitto5.I'veoften______thathehasgreatconcernforhiscomrades.

A.hearditsaid

B.heardsaid

C.heardsaidit

D.hearditsay6.Whydon'tyoubring_____tohisattentionthatyouaretooilltogoonworking?

A.this

B.you

C.him

D.it

7.Does_______matterifhecan’tfinishthejobontime?A.this B.that C.he D.it8._______isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.There B.This C.That D.It9._______happened_______heisunfitfortheoffice.A.This;that B.That;that C.It;that D.He;that10._______thatthescientistwillgiveusatalknextmonth?A.Istrue B.Isittrue C.It’strue D.It’struly11._______doesn’tmattermuch_______dressyouaregoingtowear.A.This;that B.That;who C.It;which D.It;who12._______isgoingtoAmericaforfurtherstudy.A.Heissaidthat B.PeoplesaidthatheC.Itwassaidhe D.Itissaidthathe13.Theyaregoodfriends._______isnowonderthattheyknoweachothersowell.A.This B.That C.There D.It四、改正下列句子中的错误，每句一处错。TheAmericanCivilWarbrokeoutin1861isknowntomanyofus.()Thathesawthereimpressedhimdeeply.()ThisisallwhatIknow.()Couldyoutellmewheredoyoulive?()Theoldministercamebackwithamessagewhichtheclothwasreallymagnificent.()Itisunknownifhewillcome.()AsisknowntoallthatpaperwasfirstmadeinChina.()Anyonebreaksthelawshouldbepunished.()Howwecangetmorereadingmaterialshavebeendiscussedatthemeeting.()Theprofessorwasverysatisfiedwiththathisstudentshaddoneintheexperiment.()Thenewswhichourteamhadwonpleasedeveryone.()Idon'tdoubtwhetherhecanworkouttheproblem.()IhavebeenworryingaboutifIhavehurtherfeeling.()Idon'tknowthathewants.()Thereasonwhyhedidn'tcomeisbecausehewasill.()Whowalksaroundinsuchaheavyrainwillcatchacold.()IthinkimportantthatwelearnEnglishwell.()It'snotcertainthatthesportsmeetingwillbeheld.()Thisisthesuggestionwhichwehaveatripthedayaftertomorrow.()Chinaisagreatsocialistcountryiswellknown.()Thequestionisifwecancollectenoughmoney.()Thetroubleisshehaslosthistelephonenumber.()Wedon'tknowthatwhatweshoulddonext.()Thathesaidintheofficemadeeveryonepresentverysurprised.()Whatwecan'tgetseemsbetterthanthatwehave.()Computercanonlydohowweinstructedittodo.()ThefactwhyLilygotthefirstprizeiswellknowntousall.()Ourcityisnolongerasitusedtobe.()Hesaidwhathewaspleasedtomeetallofusagain.()Whathefailedtopasstheexamisveryclear.()Thereasonwhyhedidn'tattendthemeetingwasbecausehehadbeenill.()Pleasegivethenotetowhomeverisintheclassroom.()Isthathetoldyoureallyfunny?()Pleaseletmeknowthatyouwantmetodo.()Thosephotoswillshowyouwhatdoesourhometownlookslike.()五、用适当的连词填空：___youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.______we’llgocampingdependson_____itwillbefinetomorrow._____shecomesornotmakesnodifference.Thequestionis____itisworthdoing.Thereissomedoubt____hewillcome./Thereisnodoubt____hewillcome.____isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage._____hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.Itissaidthatthefamousfootballstarisnotwillingtoplayfor______wouldpayhimthreemilliondollarsayear.Itisapity_____youdidn’tgotoseethefilm.Goandgetyourcoat.It’s____youleftit.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis_____IdisagreeIdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.Isthat_____youhadafewdaysoff?Itdoesn’tinterestme_____yousucceedornot.Doyouremember____hecame?Yes,Ido,hecamebycar.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_____heorshewants_____wecan’tgetcomesbetterthan____wehave.Acomputercanonlydo____youhaveinstructedittodo.Itisprettywellunderstood____controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.Amoderncityhasbeensetupin_____wasawastelandtenyearsago.Doyouhaveanyidea___isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?Seetheflagsonthebuilding?Thatwas_____wedidthismorning.Americawas____wasfirstcalled“India”byColumbus._____troublesmemostis_____Idon’tknowhowtocalmthesickoldman.Ithinkitis____youareworkingyourselftoomuch.Thereason____Iplantogois____shewillbedisappointed____Idon’t.Danbyleftwordwithmysecretary____hewouldcallagainintheafternoon.Do_____youthinkisright,________theysay.It’sknowntous_______thereispollution,thereisharm.Hemadeapromise________anyonesethimfreehewouldmakehimveryrich.Itwasattheverybeginning___Mr.Foxmadethedecision___weshouldsendmorefirefightershere.Iwouldappreciate___ifyoucallbackthisafternoonforthedoctor’sappointment.32、Itisveryexciting_____wearepassingtheflameinShenzhennow.(传递火炬)33、Whatwefeelexcitedis______wearepassingtheflameinShenzhennow.34、Weareexcitedaboutnews_____wearepassingtheflameinShenzhen.35、ThenewsMr.LiwillbeournewEnglishteacheristrue.36、Thenewshetoldmeyesterdayistrue.37、ThenewshetoldmeisthatMikewouldgoabroadnextyear38、ThenewsMikewouldgoabroadnextyearistoldbyhim.39、SheexpressedthehopetheywouldcometovisitShanghaiagain.40、ThehopesheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitShanghaiagain41.Ican’tdecide____________dictionaryIshouldbuy.42.That’s____________herefusedmyinvitation.43.Iamveryinterestedin____________hehasimprovedhispronunciationinsuchashorttime.44.____________weneedismoretime.45.Thefact____________shehadnotsaidanythingatthemeetingsurprisedeverybody.46._________and_________theywillmeethasnotbeendecidedyet.47.Pleasetellme____________youarewaitingfor.48.Isthat____________youarelookingfor?49.Wouldyoupleasetellme____________thenearestpostofficeis?50.Idon’tknow____________hewillagreetotheplanornot.六、判断下列各句中哪些句子含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：1.Chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.2.Thetruththattheearthturnaroundthesunisknowntoall.3.Itwassnowingwhenhearrivedatthestation.4.Howhepersuadedthemanagertochangetheplanisinterestingtousall.5.Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool.6.Thenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreallydisappointing.7.ThatiswhereLuXunusedtolive.8.Hespokeasifheunderstoodwhathewastalkingabout.9.DoyouremembertheteacherwhotaughtusEnglishatmiddleschool?10.Iwonderwhysherefusedmyinvitation.完成下列句子。Doyoustillremember（你何时何地见到那位著名的歌唱家吗）？（无论是谁最后离开教室）oughttoturnoffthelight.（明天是否下雪）makenodifferenttome.Thisis（他出生的地方）.Sheexpressedthehope（他将再来中国）.（你不喜欢她）isnoneofmybusiness.Oneofthemheldtheview（书中所说的是对的）.Thequestionis（这本书是否值得看）.Shealwaysdo（老师让她做的）Theywanttomakeitcleartothepublic（他们在做着一件重要的必不可少的工作）八、语法填空：Itisknowntous1onceTomandAnnwere2affectionate（恩爱的）couple.Buttooursurprise,3brokeuptwoyearsago.4madethempartcompany（分手）was5Tomwas6absorbedinhisbusiness7heoverlooked（忽略）hiswifesometimes.Ifeltitwasapity,8（hope）thattheywouldreconcile（和好）.Soyesterday9Iheardthenews10theylivedtogetheragain,Ifeltveryhappy.1、2、3、4、5、 6、7、8、9、10、 高中英语名词性从句专项练习参考答案用that或what填空1.What2.That3.that4.what5.what6.what7.that8.What9.what,what10.what,what11.what12.that13.that14.that15.what16.what17.What18.That19.That20.what21.What22.What23.That24.that25.that用if或whether填空1.if/whether2.Whether3.Whether4.Whether5.Whether6.Whether7.Whether8.Whether9.if10.whether11.whether12.whether13.whether14.whether15.whether三．It作形式主语和形式宾语1.B

2.D

3.A

4.C

5.A

6.D7.D8.D9.C10.B11.C12.D13.D四、改正下列句子中的错误，每句一处错。∧TheAmericanCivilWarbrokeoutin1861isknowntomanyofus.(That)Thathesawthereimpressedhimdeeply.(what)ThisisallwhatIknow.(that或去掉all)Couldyoutellmewheredoyoulive?(去掉do)Theoldministercamebackwithamessagewhichtheclothwasreallymagnificent.(that)Itisunknownifhewillcome.(whether)AsisknowntoallthatpaperwasfirstmadeinChina.(It)Anyonebreaksthelawshouldbepunished.(whoever)Howwecangetmorereadingmaterialshavebeendiscussedatthemeeting.(has)Theprofessorwasverysatisfiedwiththathisstudentshaddoneintheexperiment.(what)Thenewswhichourteamhadwonpleasedeveryone.(that)Idon'tdoubtwhetherhecanworkouttheproblem.(that)IhavebeenworryingaboutifIhavehurtherfeeling.(whether)Idon'tknowthathewants.(what)Thereasonwhyhedidn'tcomeisbecausehewasill.(that)Whowalksaroundinsuchaheavyrainwillcatchacold.(whoever)Ithink∧importantthatwelearnEnglishwell.(it)It'snotcertainthatthesportsmeetingwillbeheld.(whether)Thisisthesuggestionwhichwehaveatripthedayaftertomorrow.(that)∧Chinaisagreatsocialistcountryiswellknown.(That)Thequestionisifwecancollectenoughmoney.(whether)Thetroubleis∧shehaslosthistelephonenumber.(that)Wedon'tknowthatwhatweshoulddonext.(去掉that)Thathesaidintheofficemadeeveryonepresentverysurprised.(What)Whatwecan'tgetseemsbetterthanthatwehave.(what)Computercanonlydohowweinstructedittodo.(what)ThefactwhyLilygotthefirstprizeiswellknowntousall.(that)Ourcityisnolongerasit