专题49 语言与文化(高考模拟+名校真题)

备战2022高考英语阅读理解热点话题+体裁分类训练(高考模拟+名校真题)专题49语言与文化（2022·江西·高考模拟）“Mum,whatdoesitmeanwhensomeonetellsyouthattheyhaveaskeleton(骨骼)inthecloset(衣橱)?”Jessicaasked.“Askeletoninthecloset?”hermotherpausedthoughtfully,“Well,it’ssomethingthatyouwouldrathernothaveanyoneelseknowabout.Forexample,ifinthepast,someoneinDad’sfamilyhadbeenarrestedforstealingahorse,itwouldbe‘askeletoninhisfamily’scloset’.Hereallywouldn’twantanyneighbortoknowaboutit.”“Whypickonmyfamily?”Jessica’sfathersaidwithanger.“Yourfamilyhistoryisn’tsogood,youknow.Wasn’tyougreat-greatgrandfatheraprisonerwhowastransportedtoAustraliaforhiscrimes?”“Yes,butpeoplethesedayssaythatyouarenotarealAustralianunlessyourancestorsarrivedasprisoners.”“Gosh,sorryIasked.IthinkIunderstandnow,”Jessicacutinbeforethingsgrewworse.Afterdinner,thehousewasveryquiet.Jessica’sparentswerestillquiteangrywitheachother.Hermotherwasironingclothesandeverynowandthensheglaredatherhusband,whohidbehindhisnewspaperpretendingtoread.Whenshefinished,shegatheredthefreshlypressedclothesinherarmsandwalkedtoJessica’scloset.Justassheopenedthedoorandreachedintohangaskirt,abonyarmstuckoutfromthedarkdepthsandabundleofwhitebonesfelltothefloor.Jessica’smothersankintoafaint(晕倒),wakingonlywhenJessicaputacold,wetclothonherforehead.Shelookeduptoseetheworriedfacesofherhusbandanddaughter.“Whathappened?WhereamI?”sheasked.“Youjustdestroyedtheschool’sskeleton,Mum,”explainedJessica.“Ibroughtithometohelpmewithmyhealthproject.Imeanttotellyou,butitseemedthatassoonasImentionedskeletonsandclosets,itcausedaproblembetweenyouandDad.”Jessicalookedinamazementasherparentsbegantolaughmadly.“They’rebothcrazy,”shethought.1．AccordingtoJessica’smother,“askeletoninthecloset”means________.A．afamilyhonor B．afamilysecretC．afamilystory D．afamilytreasure2．WhatcanwelearnaboutsomeAustralian’sancestorsfromParagraph2?A．TheywerebroughttoAustraliaasprisoners.B．TheyweretheearliestpeoplelivinginAustralia.C．TheywereinvolvedinsomecrimesinAustralia.D．Theywerenotregardedascriminalsintheirdays.3．Jessica’smotherfelldownintoafaintbecauseshewas________.A．knocked B．frightened C．injured D．surprised4．WhydidJessicabringaskeletonhome?A．Shewascuriousaboutit. B．Sheplannedtokeepitforfun.C．Sheneededitforherschooltask. D．Sheintendedtoscareherparents.5．Jessica’sparentslaughedmadlyattheendofthestoryprobablybecause________.A．theywerecrazyB．theywereoverexcitedC．theyrealizedtheirmisunderstandingD．theyboththoughttheyhadwonthequarrel（2018·全国·高考真题）Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialization,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages.Oftenspokenbymanypeoplewhilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200Languages:theAmericasabout1,000,Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6，000,whichmeansthathalftheworldslanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150).LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.6．Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A．Theydevelopedveryfast. B．Theywerelargeinnumber.C．Theyhadsimilarpatters. D．Theywerecloselyconnected7．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"dominant"underlinedinparagraph2？A．Complex. B．Advanced.C．Powerful. D．Modern.8．Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A．About6,800. B．About3,400C．About2,400 D．About1,200.9．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Newlanguageswillbecreated.B．Peopleslifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C．Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D．Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.（2022·甘肃省武威第一中学高一开学考试）IntheUnitedStates,whenonebecomesrich,hewantspeopletoknowit.Andevenifhedoesnotbecomeveryrich,hewantspeopletothinkthatheis.Thatiswhat“keepingupwiththeJoneses”isabout.Itisthestoryofsomeonewhotriedtolookasrichashisneighbors.Theexpressionwasfirstusedin1913byayoungAmericancalledArthurMomand.Hetoldthisstoryabouthimself.Hebeganearning$125aweekattheageof23.Thatwasalotofmoneyinthosedays.HegotmarriedandmovedwithhiswifetoaverywealthyneighborhoodoutsideNewYorkCity.Whenhesawthatrichpeoplerodehorses,Momandwenthorsebackridingeveryday.Whenhesawthatrichpeoplehadservants,Momandandhiswifealsohiredaservantandgavebigpartiesfortheirnewneighbors.Itwaslikearace,butonecouldneverfinishhisracebecauseonewasalwaystryingtokeepup.TheraceendedforMomandandhiswifewhentheycouldnolongerpayfortheirnewwayoflife.TheymovedbacktoanapartmentinNewYorkCity.Momandlookedaroundhimandnoticedthatmanypeopledothingsjusttokeepupwithrichlifestyleoftheirneighbors.Hesawthefunnysideofitandstartedtowriteaseriesofshortstories.Hecalledit“KeepingupwiththeJoneses”because“Jones”isaverycommonnameintheUnitedStates.“KeepingupwiththeJoneses”cametomeankeepingupwithrichlifestyleofthepeoplearoundyou.Momand’sseriesappearedindifferentnewspapersacrossthecountryforover28years.PeopleneverseemtogettiredofkeepingupwiththeJoneses.Andthereare“Jonses”ineverycityoftheworld.ButonemustgettiredoftryingtokeepupwiththeJonesesbecausenomatterwhatonedoes,Mr.Jonesalwaysseemstobeahead.10．SomepeoplewanttokeepupwiththeJonesesbecausethey______.A．wanttobeasrichastheirneighbors B．wantotherstoknowortothinkthattheyarerichC．don’twantotherstoknowtheyarerich D．wanttobehappy11．Itcanbeinferredfromthestorythatrichpeopleliketo______.A．liveoutsideNewYorkCity B．liveinNewYorkcityC．liveinapartments D．havemanyneighbors12．ArthurMomandusedthename“Jones”inhisseriesofshortstoriesbecause“Jones”is______.A．animportantname B．apopularnameintheUnitedStatesC．hisneighbor’sname D．notagoodname13．What’stheauthor’sattitudetokeepingupwiththeJoneses？A．Negative. B．Positive.C．Supportive. D．Objective.（2022·湖北·宜昌市一中高一阶段练习）WelcometoLearnEnglish!ThissiteprovidesalargecollectionofEnglishasaSecondLanguage(ESL)tools&resourcesforstudents,teachers,learnersandacademics.Browseallthepagesandfindusefullinksandplentyofinformation.Didyourealizethatovertwobillionpeopleintheworldnowspeakthislanguage?Thisfigureisevergrowing.Itisthelanguageofglobalization.It'sthelanguageofinternationalbusinessandpolitics.ItistheprimarylanguageusedformostcomputersandfortheinnerworkingsoftheInternet.Giventhatthislanguagehasacquireditsworld-widereputationduetoglobalizedpowerrelations,manycompaniesandgovernmentswillobviouslyseetheadvantageofhiringnon-nativespeakersofthelanguage.Thefutureisinyourhandsandthefuturedemandsafirmcommandofthislanguage.Thereisnoneedforyou,thestudentcommunity,torushthroughthesections.TakeyourowntimeandfollowtheTORTOISEmethodsothatlearningEnglishwillbeamatteroffun.AdvancedWoffersawiderangeofprofessionalessaywritingservicesforuniversityandcollegelevelstudents.MprovidesEnglishhomeworkhelpfrombestexperts.MyPaperWhelpsstudentswithEnglishpaperwritingtasks.WeofferK-12andcollegestudentshighqualityOnline1-on-1TutoringandAssignmentHelpforAllSubjects(OOTAHAS):Math,English,Science,etc.OursisTHELEADINGandTHEBESTonlinetutoringcompanyintheworld.Ourteamofhighlyqualifiedtutorsmakelearningfunandeasyandhelpyouto…Getdetailedstep-by-stepexplanationsforabetterunderstandingofconcepts.14．ThewebsiteistargetedatthefollowingpeopleEXCEPT________.A．Teachers B．studentsC．businessmen D．learners15．WhichofthefollowingisRIGHTaboutEnglish?A．Aboutabillionpeopleworldwidespeakit.B．Itfeaturesworld-widepopularity.C．It'sthelanguageofinternationalbusinessandagriculture.D．ItisnotusedforcomputersandtheinnerworkingsoftheInternet.16．Ifyouhavetroublewithphysics,it'sbestforyoutoturntoforhelp.A．AdvancedW B．MC．MyPaperW D．OOTAHAS（2022·山西运城·高二期末）FivewordsthatwillimmediatelymakeyousoundoldEnglishischangingfasterthaneverduetotechnologyandthegrowingpopularityofsocialmedia.Doyoulongtokeepupwiththetimes?Ifso,herearesomeold-fashionedwordsyoushouldremovefromyourvocabularylist.1.WhippersnapperAsanalterationoftheterm“snippersnapper”,thewordfirstappearedinthe17thcentury,expressingourancestors’annoyanceatill-manneredchildren.Initsmorecontemporaryversion,thewordrelatestoayoungpersonwhoistooconfidentanddoesnotshowenoughrespecttoolderpeople.2.TapeAreyouborninthe1980s?Ifso,youmaystillbeusingtheterm“tape”whenspeakingofrecordingmusicorTVshows.Today,thoughdigitalmediahasmadedatastorageonmagnetictapeathingofthepast,thisoldlinguistichabitstillexists.3.XeroxAfterlaunchingitsfirstcommerciallyavailablecopymachinein1959,Xeroxenjoyedrapidsuccess,andthebrandnamesoonbecameequaltotheword“copy”.Nowadays,theriseofmanynewprintingcompanieshasreducedXerox’smarketshare,andmakingcopiesisreferredtoasmakingcopies.So,ifayoungofficeworkerisaskedto“Xerox”adocument,heorshemayfeelmuchconfused.4.StewardessIntheearlierageofairtravel,femalecrewmembersservingairlinepassengerswerecalledstewardesses.Itwasn’tuntilmoremenenteredthefieldandthedevelopmentofwomen’srightsmovementinthe1960sand1970sthatthewordfelloutofuse.“Stewardess”wasreplacedbyamoregender-neutralterm,“flightattendant”.5.DungareesWhatweknowas“jeans”todaywereoncecalled“dungarees”torefertotrousersmadeofdenim(蓝粗棉布).ThetermcomesfromakindofcheapandroughclothimportedfromDongariKilla,India.WhenmanufacturersbeganimportingtheclothformGenoainItaly,thiskindoftrousersgotanewname,“jeans”.Sodon’tbesurprisedifyoucatchyourgrandpasaying“dungarees”.17．Whocanbedescribedasawhippersnappernowadays?A．Anelderwhodoesn’tlikechildren.B．Ayoungwomanwhoisbad-tempered.C．Akidwhohasconfidenceandinfluence.D．Ayoungmanwhoalwaysfeelsheorsheismoreimportantthanothers.18．Whichofthefollowingwordshasbecomeoutdatedduetothedevelopmentoftechnology?A．Whippersnapper. B．Tape. C．Stewardess. D．Dungarees.19．Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A．Toshowreadershowtostayyoung.B．Toexplainhowtokeepupwiththetimes.C．Totellreadersthedifferencesbetweenwords.D．Toadvisereadersagainstusingold-fashionedwords.（2022·江西·新余市第一中学高一阶段练习）It'shardtobelievethatmenandwomenwhogrowuptogetherinthesamecommunitycanendupspeakingdifferentlanguages,butforUbang'speopleinNigeria,it'stotallytrue.It'snotexactlyclearhowmanywordsinthemen'sandwomen'slanguagesaredifferent,butthereareenoughexamplestomakesentencessounddifferentwhenspokenbymenandwomen.Forexample,for“clothing”,menusetheword“nki”,whilewomensay“ariga”;“kitchi”means“atree”formen,whilewomensay“okweng”.Thesearenotjustpronunciationdifferences,buttotallydifferentwords.Interestingly,bothmenandwomenareabletounderstandeachotherperfectlyinUbang,asbothboysandgirlsgrowuparoundtheirparentsandgettolearnbothlanguages,butbytheageof10,boysareexpectedtospeakinthemaletongue.“Thereisastagethemalewillreachandhediscoversheisnotusinghisrightfullanguage,”ChiefOliverIbangsaid.“Nobodywilltellhimheshouldchangetothemalelanguage.Whenhestartsspeakingthemen'slanguage,youknowthematurity(成熟)iscomingintohim.”Noonereallyknowshoworwhythedual-language(双语的)traditionofUbangbegan,butmostlocalspreferthereligioustheory(学说).ChiChiUndiesaysthedifferentlanguagesbetweenmenandwomenarerarelyseen,Today,asEnglishwordscontinuetoenterthevocabularyofyoungpeopleinNigeria,Ubang'stwolanguagesareindangerofbeinglostforever.Neitherthemalenorthefemalelanguageiswrittendown,sotheybothrelyonyoungpeopletopassthemdowntothenextgeneration.20．Whydoestheauthormentiontheexamplesinthefirstparagraph?A．Totellthewritingdifferencesbetweenthetwolanguages.B．Toshowthatthetwolanguagesareindeeddifferent.C．Tostressthedifficultyoflearningthetwolanguages.D．Toexplainwhymenandwomenusedifferentlanguages.21．WhatcanwelearnfromOliverIbang'swords?A．Boysstarttospeakthemalelanguageearlierthangirls.B．Speakinginthemaletongueisasignofboys'growingup.C．UsingincorrectlanguageisconsideredimpoliteinUbang,D．Boysareforcedtospeakinthemaletongueattheageof10.22．WhatdoweknowaboutUbangsdual-language?A．Itsoriginhasbeenknowntous. B．Ithasdisappearedformanyreasons.C．Itislessusedbytheyoungthanbefore. D．ItswordsaresimilartoEnglishwords.23．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A．Thetraditionofdual-languageinUbang B．TheEnglishlanguageenteringUbangC．Thedevelopmentofmen'slanguageinUbang D．ThedisappearanceofUbang'sdual-language（2022·江西·南昌二中一模）When“irregardless”wasincludedinMerriam-Websterdictionary,itcausedwidedisagreements.“Irregardless”hasbeeninwidespreadandnear-constantusesince1795,whenanewspapercalledTheCharlestonCityGazelleofCharlestonGafirstusedit.“WedonotmaketheEnglishlanguage,andwemerelyrecordit,”thedictionary’sstaffwrotein“WordsoftheWeek”.Theword’sdefinition,whenwereadit,wouldseemtobewithoutregard.However,Merriam-Websterdefines“irregardless”as“nonstandard”butmeaningthesameas“regardless”.AccordingtoMerriam-Webster,“Manypeoplefind‘irregardless’tobearidiculousword,astheir-prefixusuallyindicatesnegativemeaning;however,inthiscaseitappearstomakethemeaningof‘regardless’stronger.”“It’snotarealword.Idon’tcarewhatthedictionarysays.”respondsauthorMichelleRay,whoteachesEnglishinSilverSpring,Md.Andshesaysshe’sstillplanningtomark“irregardless”asincorrectonherstudents’work.AnAmericannewspapertheBaltimoreSunpublishedthewordineditorJohnMcIntyre’scommentaryonSaturday:“‘Irregardless’istooaword;youjustdon’tunderstanddictionaries.Peoplegetupsetaboutthedictionarybecausetheythinkitissomesortofofficialdocument.Butactually,it’snot.It’sjustlexicographersidentifyingwordsthatpeopleuseandtryingtofindouthowtheyarespelled,howtheyarepronounced,whatmeaningstheyhaveandwheretheycamefrom.”“Thedictionary’srecognitiondoesn’tenrollawordascorrectintheEnglishlanguage,”McIntyresays.“ItjustsaysthisisawordthatalotofpeopleuseinEnglish.Andhere’swhatweknowaboutit.”Soit’saword,butitsuseisstilldiscouragedinformalwriting.24．What’sthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A．Tocriticizetheuseof“irregardless”. B．Tointroducethetopic.C．Tomakeadefinitionof“irregardless”. D．Togiveanexample.25．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．“Irregardless”hadbeeninwidespreadandnear-constantusebefore1975.B．Thedictionary’sstaffrarelyrecordtheEnglishlanguage.C．MichelleRaythinkstheuseof“irregardless”formalbutincorrect.D．Peoplearestillnotencouragedtouse“irregardless”informalwriting.26．WhatistheattitudeofMcIntyretotheappearanceof“irregardless”inMerriam-Websterdictionary?A．Favorable. B．Conservative.C．Indifferent. D．Ambiguous.27．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．“Irregardless”IsFrequentlyUsedinFormalWritingB．“Irregardless”Shouldn’tBeIncludedintheDictionaryC．RegardlessofWhatYouThink,“Irregardless”IsaWordD．ExpertsCan’tAgreeontheMeaningof“Irregardless”（2020·广东·翠园中学高一期中）HaveyoueverconsideredalltheEnglishexpressionsthatincludewordsaboutclothes?Let’shavealook.Peoplewearpantstocoverthelowerpartoftheirbodies.Wesometimessaythatpeoplewhoarenervoushaveants(蚂蚁)intheirpants.Sometimes,peoplemaygetcaughtwiththeirpantsdown.Theyarefounddoingsomethingtheyshouldnotbedoing.And,ineveryfamily,onepersontakescontrol.Sometimesawifetellsherhusbandwhattodo.Thenwesayshewearsthepantsinthefamily.Pantsusuallyhavepocketstoholdthings.Moneythatislikelytobespentquicklycanburnaholeinyourpocket,Sometimesyouneedabelttoholdupyourpants.Ifyouhavelessmoneythanusual,youmayhavetotightenyourbelt.Ialwayspraisepeoplewhocansavetheirmoneyandnotspendtoomuch.Ireallytakemyhatofftothem.Yet,whenitcomestomyownmoney,Ispenditatthedropofahat,whichmeansIinstantlyspendit.Bootsareaheavyorstrongkindofshoes.Peoplewhoaretoobigfortheirbootsthinktheyaremoreimportantthantheyreallyare.Idislikesuchpeople.Myfatherisanimportantperson.Herunsabigcompany.Hewearsasuitandtie,andashirt,withsleeves(衣袖)thatcoverhisarms.Somepeoplewhodonotknowhimwellthinkheistooseriousandnevershowshisfeelingsopenly.ButIknowthatmyfatherwearshisheartonhissleeve.28．Whichofthefollowingexpressionscanshowsomeoneisnervous?A．Getcaughtwithone’spantsdown.B．Haveantsinone’spants.C．Wearthepantsinthefamily.D．Burnaholeinone’spocket.29．Itwesaysomeonehastotightenhisbelt,whatdoweprobablymean?A．Wemeanhehasdonesomethingwrong.B．Wemean,heusedtolivearichlife.C．Wemeanhehas,putonthewrongpants.D．Wemeanheisshortofmoney.30．Whomostprobablyspendshismoneyatthedropofahat?A．Someonewhodoesn’tsavemoney.B．Someonewhoearnsmuchmoney.C．Someonewhoneverwasteshismoney.D．Someonewhospendsmorethanheearns.31．Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor'sfatherfromthelastparagraph?A．Hegetsangryeasily.B．Helooksveryserious.C．Heshowshisfeelingsopenly.D．Heoftenwearsasuitandtie.（2022·贵州·凯里一中高一开学考试）Englishisthemostwidelyspokenlanguageintheworld.Andoftheroughly1.5billionspeakersglobally,thevastmajorityspeakitasasecondlanguage.Sowherearetheworld’sbestnon-nativeEnglishspeakers?AccordingtoanewreportbyEFEducationFirst,aninternationaleducationcompany,NorthernEuropeansarethemostfluent.MiddleEasternersaretheleastproficient(精通的).Theindex(指数)isbasedontheresultsofafreeonlinetesttakenby2.3millionvolunteersin100countries.Nearlysixintenofthisyear’stest-takerswerefemale.Womenhavealwaysperformedbetterthanmen,butthisyearmenclosedthegapsomewhat.InEurope,thepowerhouseeconomiesperformsurprisinglybadly:onlyGermanymakesthetopplaceof“veryhighproficiency”countries.Franceisnext,whileSpainandItalyarecontinuouslyfallingbehind.AstudybyaSpanishresearchinstitutereportedthebadnews:60%ofadultssaytheyspeaknoEnglishatall.ThefactthatSpanishisagloballanguageinitsownright(thelanguagedeclares400millionnativespeakers)isprobablythecause.IfyouspeakDanish,youneedanotherlanguagetotakepartinglobalculture;speakingFrenchorSpanish(orArabic)meanshundredsofmillionsofpeopletotalktowithoutEnglish.Asiaistheregionofgreatestdiversity(多样性).OnlySingaporemakesthetoplevel,butthePhilippines,Malaysia,andIndiaarenotfarbehind.Chinaisfurtherbackbutstillinthesecondlevel,afewplacesaheadofJapan.StrugglinginthebottomplacesareagroupofSouth-EastandCentralAsiancountrieslikeCambodiaandKyrgyzstan.Thisrelateswithanotherfactor:thecompanyrepeatedlyfindsthatEnglishskillsarehighlyrelatedwithconnectionsandopennesstotherestoftheworld.32．Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Wherearetheworld’smostnon-nativeEnglishspeakers?B．Wherearethefewestnon-nativeEnglishspeakers?C．Wherearetheworld’sbestnon-nativeEnglishspeakers?D．Wherearethelastnon-nativeEnglishspeakers?33．Whatcanweknowabouttheonlinetest?A．Halfofthisyear’stest-takerswerefemale.B．Nearly1.38millionofthisyear’stest-takerswerefemale.C．Womenandmenequallyperformedthisyear.D．Thegapbetweenfemaleandmaleisgettingcloseyearbyyear.34．Why60%ofSpanishadultssaytheyspeaknoEnglishatall?A．Spanishisagloballanguageitself. B．400millionSpanishspeakEnglish.C．Spanishiseasytounderstand. D．Englishfailstoattractthem.35．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Asiaistheregionwiththebestnon-nativeEnglishspeakers.B．Chinaisthesecondplacewiththebestnon-nativeEnglishspeakers.C．CountriesinSouth-EastandCentralAsianarelessopeninAsia.D．CountriesinSouth-WestandCentralAsianlineinthebottomplaces.参考答案：1．B2．A3．B4．C5．C【解析】【分析】本文为记叙文。本文讲述了有关俗语“askeletoninthecloset”的一件家庭趣事。1．词义猜测题。根据第一段母亲所说的话it’ssomethingthatyouwouldrathernothaveanyoneelsetoknowabout可知，它是一件你不希望其他人所知道的事情，故选B。2．细节理解解。根据第二段中Yes,butpeoplethesedayssaythatyouarenotarealAustralianunlessyourancestorsarrivedasprisoners.可知，如今的人们说如果你的祖先不是以囚犯的身份到达澳大利亚的话，那么你就不是一个真正的澳大利亚人。说明澳大利亚的祖先是囚犯。故选A。3．推理判断题。根据第三段中Justassheopenedthedoorandreachedintohangaskirt,abonyarmstuckoutfromthedarkdepthsandabundleofwhitebonesfelltothefloor.(正当她打开门伸进手去挂短裙的时候，一只骨头胳膊从暗处伸出来然后一堆骨头摔倒了地板上。)可知，妈妈应该是被吓晕的。故选B。4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中Ibroughtithometohelpmewithmyhealthproject.可知，Jessica把骨头带回家是因为她要用骨头做健康课题，故选C。5．推理判断题。结合全文理解，开头讲述了Jessica的一个提问“Mum,whatdoesitmeanwhensomeonetellsyouthattheyhaveaskeleton(骨骼)inthecloset（衣橱）?”引出了父母之间的争论，之后妈妈被孩子藏在衣橱中的用来完成学校课题的骷髅吓晕过去，最后Jessica解释时说，“Imeanttotellyou,butitseemedthatassoonasImentionedskeletonsandclosets,itcausedaproblembetweenyouandDad.”即本想告诉妈妈衣橱里的骷髅的情况，可是每当提到骷髅和衣橱的问题后却总会让父母之间有摩擦，然而最后真相大白，Jessica的父母都意识到了这是一个误会，故而狂笑。故选C。6．B7．C8．B9．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因。6．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother...whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.可知，当世界以依靠狩猎为生的人组成的时候，小而联系紧密的群落形成了他们彼此之间独立的讲话模式……当世界上的人口数量不到一千万时，语言种类达到了12,000种。由此推知，当时的语言种类很多。故选B。7．猜测词义题。根据文章第二段中的dominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.可知，英语、西班牙语和汉语正在快速替代其他语言。由此推知dominantlanguages意为“强有力的语言”。故选C。8．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.和Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.可知，目前世界上大约有6800种语言，但是讲的人数少于6000人的占一半即3400。故选B。9．主旨要义题。根据文章第一段中的主题句Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.可知，语言的产生和消失进行了几千年，但最近语言产生的少，消失的太多。故选C。点睛：长难句解读Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.分析：dominant前的and连接两个并列句，all和前面的名词短语trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunications是同位语。句意：在最近的几个世纪，贸易、工业化、民族国家的发展和全球义务教育的普及，尤其是过去几十年来，全球化和更好的交流，这些都导致许多语言消失。而且像英语、西班牙语和汉语等主流语言正日益占据主导地位。10．B11．A12．B13．A【解析】【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。在美国，当一个人变得富有，他想让人们知道。即使他不会变得非常富有，他希望人们认为他是富有的，这就是“跟上琼斯（攀比）”现象。文章介绍了这个短语背后的故事和带来的启示。10．细节理解题。根据第一段中“IntheUnitedStates,whenonebecomesrich,hewantspeopletoknowit.Andevenifhedoesnotbecomeveryrich,hewantspeopletothinkthatheis.Thatiswhat“keepingupwiththeJoneses”isabout.(在美国，当一个人变得富有，他想让人们知道。即使他不会变得非常富有，他希望人们认为他是富有的。这种情况就是“跟上琼斯”)”可知，一些人想要跟上“琼斯”，是因为他们想让别人知道或认为他们很富有。故选B。11．推理判断题。根据第二段中“HegotmarriedandmovedwithhiswifetoaverywealthyneighborhoodoutsideNewYorkCity.(他结了婚，和妻子搬到了纽约郊外一个非常富裕的社区)”可推知，富人都喜欢住在纽约郊外。故选A。12．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Hecalledit“KeepingupwiththeJoneses”because“Jones”isaverycommonnameintheUnitedStates.(他把他的系列故事叫做“跟上琼斯”，因为“琼斯”在美国是一个非常常见的名词)”可知，这么命名是因为“琼斯”这个名字在美国很常见。故选B。13．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“ButonemustgettiredoftryingtokeepupwiththeJonesesbecausenomatterwhatonedoes,Mr.Jonesalwaysseemstobeahead.(但一个人一定对“跟上琼斯”感到厌烦，因为无论一个人做什么，琼斯先生似乎总是领先)”可知，作者认为追上“琼斯”是不可能的，即持消极态度。故选A。14．C15．B16．D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个英语学习的网站。14．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“ThissiteprovidesalargecollectionofEnglishasaSecondLanguage(ESL)tools&resourcesforstudents,teachers,learnersandacademics.(这个网站为学生、教师、学习者和学者提供了大量的英语作为第二语言(ESL)的工具和资源。)”可知，该网站针对教师、学生和学者，除了商人。故选C。15．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Thisfigureisevergrowing.Itisthelanguageofglobalization.It'sthelanguageofinternationalbusinessandpolitics.Itistheprimarylanguageusedformostcom