2022年中考英语外研版总复习学案-专题七动词和动词短语

专题七动词和动词短语动词的分类及用法分类特点举例行为动词及物动词后面必须跟宾语Weloveourcountry.不及物动词后面不能直接跟宾语Heisstanding.系动词后面跟表语,构成系表结构Sheisagoodstudent.情态动词与其后的动词原形共同构成谓语Icanswim.beam/is/are+现在分词→现在进行时was/were+现在分词→过去进行时be+过去分词→被动语态Heisreading.Itwasrainingheavilyatthattime.Treesareplantedeveryyear.do形式有do,does,did,用于构成疑问句和否定句,或用在动词前加强语气Doyougotoschoolonfoot?Idon’tknowwhattodo.Wedidhaveagoodtimethere.havehave/has+过去分词→现在完成时had+过去分词→过去完成时Ihavejustfinishedmyhomework.WhenIwokeup,ithadalreadystoppedraining.will/shallwill/shall+动词原形→一般将来时Willyoudrivemehome?1.动词后面直接跟宾语的就是及物动词,不直接跟宾语就是不及物动词。如:Heworksveryhard.(vi.)HestudiesEnglishveryhard.(vt.)2.助动词do/did可以代替前面出现的动词,以避免重复。如:—Whocleanedthewindow?—Jimdid.动词的形式1.动词第三人称单数的构成规律词尾形式变化规则举例一般情况在词尾加-sswim→swims;leave→leaves以-s,-x,-sh,-ch,-o结尾在词尾加-esdo→does;pass→passes以“辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i再加-esstudy→studies;carry→carries不规则变化have→has读音规则一般情况读/z/。在清辅音/p/,/k/,/t/,/f/后读/s/。在/s/,/z/,/t/,/dз/之后读/iz/2.现在分词的构成规律词尾形式变化规则举例一般情况直接加-ingplay→playing;read→reading以不发音的e结尾去e加-inglive→living;write→writing以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母双写词尾的辅音字母再加-ingput→putting;sit→sitting以ie结尾改ie为y再加-ingdie→dying;lie→lying3.动词的过去式及过去分词的构成规律(1)规则动词过去式构成规则词尾形式规则举例一般情况加-edplant→plantedplay→played以e结尾加-dlive→livedchange→changed以辅音字母加y结尾改y为i再加-edcarry→carriedstudy→studied以重读闭音节或r音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母双写这个辅音字母,再加-edstop→stoppedprefer→preferred注意:规则动词的过去分词与过去式一样。(2)不规则动词归纳①ABB型不规则动词(A代表动词原形,BB代表过去式过去分词相同)原形特征过去式过去分词例词-eep-ept-eptkeep,sweep,sleep-ell-old-oldsell,tell-end-ent-entlend,spend,send-ay-aid-aidsay,pay-n-nt-ntburn,learn,mean---ought-oughtbring,buy,fight,think---aught-aughtcatch,teach②ABC型不规则动词原形特征过去式过去分词例词-eak-oke-okenbreak,speak-eal-ole-olensteal-ear-ore-ornwear,bear,tear-ow-ew-owngrow,blow,know,throw-i--a--u-sink,swim,drink,ring,sing,begin-i--o--ndrive,rise,ride,write③AAA型不规则动词击中、受伤、让、吐痰、去掉、花费、读、放、砍。(hit)(hurt)(let)(spit)(rid)(cost)(read)(put)(cut)巧记动词加-s或-es动词有三单,词尾常把-s添。词尾若是s,ch,sh,直接加上-es。词尾有字母x或o,加上-es不用愁。辅音字母加y,要把y变i。现在分词构成歌诀现在分词用途多,进行时态不可缺。它的构成很好记,动词后缀-ing。词尾若有哑音e,去e再加没问题。一辅重读闭音节,这个字母要双写。还有一点要注意,改ie为y再加-ing。规则动词过去式构成口诀过去式构成有规律,一般词尾加-ed。如果词尾有个e,直接加-d就可以。“辅音字母+y”,先变y为i。“一辅重闭”作尾巴,双写之后-ed加。【图解】ABB型【图解】ABC型【图解】AAA型常用动词短语的构成及用法1.动词+介词breakinto破门而入;comefrom来自;dealwith处理、对付;dependon依靠;getover克服;laughat嘲笑;lookafter照顾;lookfor寻找;hearfrom收到……来信;takeafter与……相像;standfor代表;sendfor派人去请;waitfor等候2.动词+副词comeup提出;cheerup使振奋、高兴;cleanup打扫干净;fixup修理;givein屈服;giveaway赠送,分发;holdon坚持、等一会;putup建立、发布;thinkover仔细考虑;wakeup醒来3.动词+副词+介词addupto合计达;catchupwith赶上;comeupwith提出;getawayfrom逃离;keepawayfrom远离;keeponwith继续做;lookdownupon/on蔑视;lookforwardto期盼4.动词+名词+介词makecontributionsto对……做出贡献;makefriendswith与……交朋友;makefunof取笑;makeprogressin在……上取得进步;takecareof照顾;takepartin参加;takepridein以……为骄傲;payattentionto注意5.动词+名词loseheart灰心;makefaces做鬼脸;makefriends交朋友6.be+形容词+介词befondof喜欢;beafraidof害怕;befamousfor以……出名;begoodat擅长;bereadyfor为……做准备;beproudof以……为自豪1.“动介词组”其后需要带宾语。2.“动副词组”作及物动词时,如果名词作宾语,宾语可以放在动副词组的后边,也可放在中间。但代词作宾语时,宾语要放在中间。3.“动副介词组”后跟宾语时,宾语置于介词之后。一、动词的分类及用法(C)1.(2021·黄石中考)—IwonderifthisglassisTom’s.—Itbehis.Hiswasbrokenjustnow.

A.mustn’tB.maynotC.can’tD.shouldn’t(A)2.(2021·南京中考)ThedramaYuhuayaocitizensinNanjingwithachancetolearnandlistentotheParty’shistory.

A.provided B.guarded C.compared D.protected(C)3.(2021·青海中考)Momiscookingchickensoup;itsogood.

A.sounds B.tastes C.smells(D)4.(2021·滨州中考)—Henry,didyoudrivebacktoyourhometownduringtheSpringFestival?—No,Iwastotakethetrainbecausethetrafficisoftenthebusiestatthattime.

A.praised B.taught C.warned D.advised一、三步解决动词用法题Step1:确定所给选项的含义;Step2:分析语境,找出关键词或前后的逻辑关系;Step3:确定正确答案。【语法心得】____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________二、动词的五种形式1.(2021·龙东中考)MissGaotriestomakeherstudentsexpress(express)theirideas.2.(2020·安顺中考)BeijingOpera,animportantpartofChineseculture,has(have)ahistoryofover200years.3.(2021·龙东中考)Attending(attend)the2022BeijingWinterOlympicsishisdream.4.(2021·龙东中考)Studentsshouldhavesomebasiclifeskills,including(include)cooking,washingandcleaning.5.(2021·永州中考)Whenitcomestomybirthdays,Iwouldliketoinvitemyfriendstowatch(watch)amovie.

6.(2021·包头中考)Shelocked(lock)thefrontdoorandwentoutside.7.(2020·泰州中考)—Couldyoutellmewhatthesignmeans?—Keepdistanceinpublicplacestoavoidcatching(catch)avirus.8.(2021·包头中考)Hebecameinterestedincollecting(collect)kitesafterhewatchedadocumentary.二、判断动词形式的四种技巧:1.慧眼识别标志词。如情态动词后用原形;出现yesterday等明显的时间状语时,要用相对应的时态。2.细心体会辨语境。要理解上下文想表达的语境,判断用什么时态。3.主从时态要呼应。如在条件状语从句中,主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。4.固定搭配要牢记。如invitesb.todosth.三、动词的辨析(B)1.(2021·荆州中考)—DoyouknowZhangGuimei,whowashonoredasoneofthe“PeopleWhoMovedChina”?—Yes,shethefirstfreehighschoolforgirlsinmountainareasandhashelpedmorethan1,800studentstogotocollege.

A.educatedB.createdC.memorizedD.dreamed(A)2.(2021·绥化中考)Mum,couldyouhelpmemytoycar?Ican’titanywhere!

A.lookfor;findB.find;lookforC.look;findout(A)3.(2021·乐山中考)TheInternetissocloselyconnectedwithourdailylife.Canyoualifewithoutit?

A.imagineB.expectC.understand三、三步解决动词辨析题Step1:首先根据前后语境确定句意;Step2:根据固定搭配,或动词后的成分,找出动词的细微差别;Step3:确定正确答案。四、