2022年年考研英语二真题及答案解析

2022年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumbered

blankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

@WhydopeoplereadnegativeInternetcommentsanddootherthingsthatwill

obviouslybepainful②Becausehumanshaveaninherentneedto1uncertainty,

accordingtoarecentstudyin③Thenewresearchrevealsthat

theneedtoknowissostrongthatpeoplewill2tosatisfytheircuriosity

evenwhenitiscleartheanswerwill3

①Inaseriesoffourexperiments,behavioralscientistsattheUniversityOf

ChicagoandtheWisconsinSchoolofBusinesstestedstudents,willingnessto4

themselvestounpleasantstimuliinanefforttosatisfycuriosity.②Forone

5_,eachparticipantwasshownapileofpensthattheresearcherclaimedwerefrom

apreviousexperiment.③Thetwist④Halfofthepenswould6anelectricshock

whenclicked.

①Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwhichpenswereelectrified;another

twenty-sevenweretoldonlythatsomewereelectrified.②7leftaloneinthe

room,thestudentswhodidnotknowwhichoneswouldshockthemclickedmorepens

andincurredmoreshocksthanthestudentswhoknewwhatwould8.©Subsequent

experimentsreproducedthiseffectwithotherstimuli,_9thesoundof

fingernailsonachalkboardandphotographsofdisgustinginsects.

@Thedriveto_10isdeeplyrootedinhumans,muchthesameasthebasic

drivesfor11orshelter,saysChristopherHseeoftheUniversityofChicago.

©Curiosityisoftenconsideredagoodinstinct一itcan_1_2newscientific

advances,forinstance—butsometimessuch13canbackfire.③Theinsight

thatcuriositycandriveyoutodo14thingsisaprofoundone.

©Unhealthycuriosityispossibleto15,however.②Inafinalexperiment,

participantswhowereencouragedto16howtheywouldfeelafterviewingan

unpleasantpicturewerelesslikelyto17toseesuchanimage.③These

resultssuggestthatimaginingthe18offollowingthroughononescuriosity

aheadoftimecanhelpdetermine19itisworththeendeavor.④“Thinking

_iskeytoreducingthepossiblenegativeeffectsof

⑤Inotherwords,don，treadonlinecomments.

rAT

LJignore[B]protect[C]resolve[D]discuss

rAT

LJseek[B]refuse[C]wait[D]regret

3.[AJrise[B]hurt[C]last[D]mislead

4.[A]expose[B]alert[C]tie[D]treat

rAT

5.LJconcept[B]message[C]review[D]trial

rA1

6.LJdeliver[B]remove[C]weaken[D]interrupt

7.[A]Unless[B]When[C]If[D]Though

8.[A]change[B]continue[C]happen[D]disappear

9.[A]owingto[B]ratherthan[C]regardlessof[D]suchas

10.[A]disagree[B]discover[C]forgive[D]forget

11.[A]food[B]pay[C]marriage[D]schooling

12.[A]beginwith[B]leadto[C]reston[D]learnfrom

13.[A]diligence[B]withdrawal[C]persistence[D]inquiry

14.[A]self-deceptive[B]self-reliant[C：1self-destructive[D]self-evident

15.[A]trace[B]define[C]resist[D]replace

16.[A]conceal[B]overlook[C]predict[D]design

1zrA-r

1L1pretend[B]remember[C]promise[D]choose

1&rAu

1Loutcome[B]relief[C]plan[D]duty

19.LA]where[B]why[C]whether[D]how

20.[A]limitations[B]consequences[C]investments[D]strategies

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsaftereachtextby

choosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

①ItiscuriousthatStephenKoziatekfeelsalmostasthoughhehastojustify

hiseffortstogivehisstudentsabetterfuture.

①Mr.Koziatekispartofsomethingpioneering.②HeisateacherataNew

Hampshirehighschoolwherelearningisnotsomethingofbooksandtestsand

3

mechanicalmemorization,butpractical.③Whendiditbecomeacceptedwisdomthat

studentsshouldbeabletonamethe13thpresidentoftheUnitedStatesbutbeutterly

overwhelmedbyabrokenbikechain

@AsKoziatekknows,thereislearninginjustabouteverything.©Nothingis

necessarilygainedbyforcingstudentstolearngeometryatagraffitieddeskstuck

withgenerationsofdiscardedchewinggum.③Theycanalsolearngeometryby

assemblingabicycle.

@Buthe'salsofoundakindofinsidiousprejudice.②Workingwithyourhands

isseenasalmostamarkofinferiority.©Schoolsinthefamilyofvocational

education“havethatstereotype...thatit'sforkidswhocan'tmakeit

academically,,zhesays.

①Ononehand,thatviewpointisalogicalproductofAmerica'sevolution.②

Manufacturingisnottheeconomicenginethatitoncewas.③Thejobsecuritythat

theUSeconomyonceofferedtohighschoolgraduateshaslargelyevaporated.©More

educationisthenewprinciple.⑤Wewantmoreforourkids,andrightfullyso.

@Buttheheadlongpushintobachelor'sdegreesforall-andthesubtledevaluing

ofanythingless-missesanimportantpoint:That,snottheonlythingtheAmerican

economyneeds.②Yes,abachelor，sdegreeopensmoredoors.③Butevennow,54

percentofthejobsinthecountryaremiddle-skilljobs,suchasconstructionand

high-skillmanufacturing.④Butonly44percentofworkersareadequatelytrained.

①Inotherwords,atatimewhentheworkingclasshasturnedthecountryonits

politicalhead,frustratedthattheopportunitythatoncedefinedAmericais

vanishing,oneobvioussolutionisstaringusintheface.②Thereisagapin

working-classjobs,buttheworkerswhoneedthosejobsmostaren，tequippedtodo

them.③Koziatek'sManchesterSchoolofTechnologyHighSchoolistryingtofill

thatgap.

①Koziatek,sschoolisawake-upcall.②Wheneducationbecomesone-size-

fits-all,itrisksoverlookinganation'sdiversityofgifts.

21.Abrokenbikechainismentionedtoshowstudents'lackof.

[A]practicalability

[B]academictraining

[C]pioneeringspirit

[D]mechanicalmemorization

22.Thereexiststheprejudicethatvocationaleducationisforkidswho.

[A]haveastereotypedmind

[B]havenocareermotivation

23.WecaninferfromParagraph5thathighschoolgraduates.

[A]usedtohavebigfinancialconcerns

[B]usedtohavemorejobopportunities

[C]arereluctanttoworkinmanufacturing

[D]areentitledtomoreeducationalprivileges

24.Theheadlongpushintobachelor?sdegreesforall.

[A]helpscreatealotofmiddle-skilljobs

[B]maynarrowthegapinworking-classjobs

[C]isexpectedtoyieldabetter-trainedworkforce

[D]indicatestheovervaluingofhighereducation

25.TheauthorJsattitudetowardKoziatek,sschoolcanbedescribedas.

[A]supportive

[B]tolerant

[C]disappointed

[D]cautious

Text2

①Whilefossilfuels-coal,oil,gas-stillgenerateroughly85percentofthe

world?senergysupply,it'sclearerthaneverthatthefuturebelongstorenewable

sourcessuchaswindandsolar.②Themovetorenewablesispickingupmomentumaround

theworld:Theynowaccountformorethanhalfofnewpowersourcesgoingonline.

©Somegrowthstemsfromacommitmentbygovernmentsandfarsightedbusinesses

tofundcleanerenergysources.②Butincreasinglythestoryisabouttheplummeting

pricesofrenewables,especiallywindandsolar.③Thecostofsolarpanelshas

droppedby80percentandthecostofwindturbinesbyclosetoone-thirdinthepast

eightyears.

@Inmanypartsoftheworldrenewableenergyisalreadyaprincipalenergysource.

②InScotland,forexample,windturbinesprovideenoughelectricitytopower95

percentofhomes.③Whiletherestoftheworldtakesthelead,notablyChinaand

Europe,theUnitedStatesisalsoseeingaremarkableshift.④InMarch,forthefirst

time,windandsolarpoweraccountedformorethan10percentofthepowergenerated

intheUS,reportedtheUSEnergyInformationAdministration.

©PresidentTrumphasunderlinedfossilfuels—especiallycoal—asthepathto

economicgrowth.②InarecentspeechinIowa,hedismissedwindpowerasan

5

unreliableenergysource.③ButthatmessagedidnotplaywellwithmanyinIowa,

wherewindturbinesdotthefieldsandprovide36percentofthestate'selectricity

generation-andwheretechgiantslikeMicrosoftarebeingattractedbythe

availabilityofcleanenergytopowertheirdatacenters.

①Thequestion“whathappenswhenthewinddoesn,tbloworthesundoesn't

shine“hasprovidedaquickput-downforskeptics.②Butaboostinthestorage

capacityofbatteriesismakingtheirabilitytokeeppowerflowingaroundtheclock

morelikely.

@Theadvanceisdriveninpartbyvehiclemanufacturers,whoareplacingbig

betsonbattery-poweredelectricvehicles.©Althoughelectriccarsarestilla

rarityonroadsnow,thismassiveinvestmentcouldchangethepicturerapidlyin

comingyears.

①Whilethere?salongwaytogo,thetrendlinesforrenewablesarespiking.

②Thepaceofchangeinenergysourcesappearstobespeedingup一perhapsjustin

timetohaveameaningfuleffectinslowingclimatechange.③WhatWashingtondoes

一ordoesn'tdo一topromotealternativeenergymaymeanlessandlessatatimeof

aglobalshiftinthought.

26.Theword“plummeting”(Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto.

[A]rising

[B]falling

[C]changing

[D]stabilizing

27.AccordingtoParagraph3,theuseofrenewableenergyinAmerica.

[A]isasextensiveasinEurope

[B]isprogressingnotably

[C]hasprovedtobeimpractical

[D]facesmanychallenges

28.ItcanbelearnedthatinIowa,.

[A]windenergyhasreplacedfossilfuels

[B]thereisashortageofcleanenergysupply

[C]techgiantsareinvestingincleanenergy

[D]windisawidelyusedenergysource

29.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutcleanenergyaccordingtoParagraphs5&

6

[A]Itsapplicationhasboostedbatterystorage.

[B]Itiscommonlyusedincarmanufacturing.

30.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatrenewableenergy.

[A]isnotreallyencouragedbytheUSgovernment

[B]isnotcompetitiveenoughwithregardtoitscost

[C]willbringtheUSclosertoothercountries

[D]willaccelerateglobalenvironmentalchange

Text3

①Thepowerandambitionofthegiantsofthedigitaleconomyisastonishing

—AmazonhasjustannouncedthepurchaseoftheupmarketgrocerychainWholeFoods

for$13.5bn,buttwoyearsagoFacebookpaidevenmorethanthattoacquirethe

WhatsAppmessagingservice,whichdoesn,thaveanyphysicalproductatall.②What

WhatsAppofferedFacebookwasanintricateandfinelydetailedwebofitsusers'

friendshipsandsociallives.

①FacebookpromisedtheEuropeancommissionthenthatitwouldnotlinkphone

numberstoFacebookidentities,butitbrokethepromisealmostassoonasthedeal

wentthrough.②Evenwithoutknowingwhatwasinthemessages,theknowledgeofwho

sentthemandtowhomwasenormouslyrevealingandstillcouldbe.③Whatpolitical

journalist,whatpartywhip,wouldnotwanttoknowthemakeupoftheWhatsAppgroups

inwhichTheresaMay'senemiesarecurrentlyplotting@Itmaybethatthevalue

ofWholeFoodstoAmazonisnotsomuchthe460shopsitowns,buttherecordsof

whichcustomershavepurchasedwhat.

①Competitionlawappearstobetheonlywaytoaddresstheseimbalancesofpower.

Butitisclumsy.②Foronething,itisveryslowcomparedtothepaceofchange

withinthedigitaleconomy.③Bythetimeaproblemhasbeenaddressedandremedied

itmayhavevanishedinthemarketplace,tobereplacedbynewabusesofpower.④

Butthereisadeeperconceptualproblem,too.⑤Competitionlawaspresently

interpreteddealswithfinancialdisadvantagetoconsumersandthisisnotobvious

whentheusersoftheseservicesdon,tpayforthem.@Theusersoftheirservices

arenottheircustomers.©Thatwouldbethepeoplewhobuyadvertisingfromthem

—andFacebookandGoogle,thetwovirtualgiants,dominatedigitaladvertisingto

thedisadvantageofallothermediaandentertainmentcompanies.

@Theproductthey'resellingisdata,andwe,theusers,convertourlivesto

dataforthebenefitofthedigitalgiants.②Justassomeantsfarmthebugscalled

aphidsforthehoneydewtheyproducewhentheyfeed,soGooglefarmsusforthedata

thatourdigitallivesyield.Antskeeppredatoryinsectsawayfromwheretheiraphids

feed;Gmailkeepsthespammersoutofourinboxes.③Itdoesn,tfeellikeahuman

ordemocraticrelationship,evenifbothsidesbenefit.

31.AccordingtoParagraph1,FacebookacquiredWhatsAppforits.

[A]digitalproducts

[B]qualityservice

[C]physicalassets

[D]userinformation

32.LinkingphonenumberstoFacebookidentitiesmay.

[A]posearisktoFacebookusers

[B]misleadtheEuropeancommission

[C]worsenpoliticaldisputes

[D]messupcustomerrecords

33.Accordingtotheauthor,competitionlaw.

[A]shouldservethenewmarketpowers

[B]mayworsentheeconomicimbalance

[C]cannotkeeppacewiththechangingmarket

[D]shouldnotprovidejustonelegalsolution

34.CompetitionlawaspresentlyinterpretedcanhardlyprotectFacebookusers

because.

[A]theyarenotfinanciallyreliable

[B]theyarenotdefinedascustomers

[C]theservicesaregenerallydigital

[D]theservicesarepaidforbyadvertisers

35.Theantsanalogyisusedtoillustrate.

[A]atypicalcompetitionpatternamongdigitalgiants

[B]awin-winbusinessmodelbetweendigitalgiants

[C]thebenefitsprovidedfordigitalgiants'customers

[D]therelationshipbetweendigitalgiantsandtheirusers

Text4

①Tocombatthetrapofputtingapremiumonbeingbusy,CalNewport,authorof

瓯IhkRiesSrRasdSJOSEinaEkbaijd出recommendsbuildinga

habitof“deepwork”-theabilitytofocuswithoutdistraction.

①Thereareanumberofapproachestomasteringtheartofdeepwork-beitlengthy

retreatsdedicatedtoaspecifictask;developingadailyritual;ortakinga

/_;________________________________________________________________________

ujournalisticapproachtoseizingmomentsofdeepworkwhenyoucanthroughout

theday.©Whicheverapproach,thekeyistodetermineyourlengthoffocustimeand

sticktoit.

©Newportalsorecommends“deepscheduling"tocombatconstantinterruptions

andgetmoredoneinlesstime.②"Atanygivenpoint,Ishouldhavedeepwork

scheduledforroughlythenextmonth.③Onceonthecalendar,Iprotectthistime

likeIwouldadoctor'sappointmentorimportantmeeting,hewrites.

©Anotherapproachtogettingmoredoneinlesstimeistorethinkhowyou

prioritiseyourday-inparticularhowwecraftourto-dolists.②TimHarford,

authorof.恤女丽（f傀曲t）砂礴pointstoastudyin

theearly1980sthatdividedundergraduatesintotwogroups:somewereadvisedto

setoutmonthlygoalsandstudyactivities;othersweretoldtoplanactivitiesand

goldsinmuchmoredetail,daybyday.

©Whiletheresearchersassumedthatthewell-structureddailyplanswouldbe

mosteffectivewhenitcametotheexecutionoftasks,theywerewrong:thedetailed

dailyplansdemotivatedstudents.②Harfordarguesthatinevitabledistractions

oftenrenderthedailyto-dolistineffective,whileleavingroomforimprovisation

insuchalistcanreapthebestresults.

@Inordertomakethemostofourfocusandenergy,wealsoneedtoembrace

downtime,orasNewportsuggests,“belazy.〃

①uIdlenessisnotjustavacation,anindulgenceoravice;itisasindispensable

tothebrainasvitaminDistothebody…[idleness]is,paradoxically,necessary

togettinganyworkdone,〃heargues.

@SriniPillay,anassistantprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool,

believesthiscounterintuitivelinkbetweendowntimeandproductivitymaybedueto

thewayourbrainsoperate.②Whenourbrainsswitchbetweenbeingfocusedand

unfocusedonatask,theytendtobemoreefficient.

①“Whatpeopledon,trealiseisthatinordertocompletethesetaskstheyneed

touseboththefocusandunfocuscircuitsintheirbrain,〃saysPillay.

36.Thekeytomasteringtheartofdeepworkisto.

[A]listyourimmediatetasks

[B]makespecificdailyplans

[C]keeptoyourfocustime

[D]seizeeveryminutetowork

37.Thestudyintheearly1980scitedbyHarfordshowsthat.

[A]dailyschedulesareindispensabletostudying

[B]studentsarehardlymotivatedbymonthlygoals

[C]detailedplansmaynotbeasfruitfulasexpected

[D]distractionsmayactuallyincreaseefficiency

38.AccordingtoNewport,idlenessis.

[A]anessentialfactorinaccomplishinganywork.

[B]aneffectivewaytosavetimeandenergy

[C]amajorcontributortophysicalhealth

[D]adesirablementalstateforbusypeople

39.Pillaybelievesthatourbrains'shiftbetweenbeingfocusedandunfocused.

[A]canresultinpsychologicalwell-being

[B]canbringaboutgreaterefficiency

[C]isaimedatbetterbalanceinwork

[D]isdrivenbytaskurgency

40.Thistextismainlyabout.

[A]thekeytoeliminatingdistractions

[B]thecauseofthelackoffocustime

[C]waystorelievethetensionofbusy1ife

[D]approachestogettingmoredoneinlesstime

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemost

suitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachofthenumberedparagraphs

(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

A.stsayit

B.epresent

C.kipthesmalltalk

D.skforanopinion

E.indthe“metoos

F.me,places,things

G.yauniquecompliment

Fivewaystomakeconversationwithanyone

Conversationsarelinks,whichmeanswhenyouhaveaconversationwithanew

personalinkgetsformedandeveryconversationyouhaveafterthatmomentwill

strengthenthelink.

Youmeetnewpeopleeveryday:thegroceryworker,thecabdriver,newpeople

atworkorthesecurityguardatthedoor.Simplystartingaconversationwiththem

willformalink.

Herearefivesimplewaysthatyoucanmakethefirstmoveandstartaconversation

withstrangers.

41.______________________

Supposeyouareinaroomwithsomeoneyoudon，tknowandsomethingwithinyou

says“Iwanttotalkwiththisperson”-thisissomethingthatmostlyhappenswith

allofus.Youwantedtosaysomething-thefirstword-butitjustwon，tcomeout,

itfeelslikeitisstucksomewhere.Iknowthefeelingandhereismyadvice:just

getitout.

Justthink:whatistheworstthatcouldhappenTheywon，ttalkwithyouWell,

theyarenottalkingwithyounow!

Itrulybelievethatonceyougetthatfirstwordouteverythingelsewilljust

flow.Sokeepitsimple:"Hi","Hey〃or“Hello”-dothebestyoucantogather

alloftheenthusiasmandenergyyoucan,putonabigsmileandsay"Hi〃.

42.______________________

It'saproblemallofusface;youhavelimitedtimewiththepersonthatyou

wanttotalkwithandyouwanttomakethistalkmemorable.

Honestly,ifwegotstuckintherutof"hi〃,"hello","howareyou〃and

“what'sgoingon〃,youwillfailtogivetheinitialjolttotheconversationthat

canmakeitsomemorable.

Sodon'tbeafraidtoaskmorepersonalquestions.Trustme,you'11besurprised

toseehowmuchpeoplearewillingtoshareifyoujustask.

43.______________________

Whenyoumeetapersonforthefirsttime,makeanefforttofindthethingswhich

youandthatpersonhaveincommonsothatyoucanbuildtheconversationfromthat

point.Whenyoustartconversationfromthereandthenmoveoutwards,you,11find

Imagineyouarepouringyourheartouttosomeoneandtheyarejustbusyontheir

phone,andifyouaskfortheirattentionyougettheresponse“Icanmultitask”.

Sowhensomeonetriestocommunicatewithyou,justbeinthatcommunication

wholeheartedly.Makeeyecontact.Trustme,eyecontactiswhereallthemagichappens.

Whenyoumakeeyecontact,youcanfeeltheconversation.

45.______________________

Youallcameintoaconversationwhereyoufirstmettheperson,butaftersome

timeyoumayhavemetagainandhaveforgottentheirname.Isn，tthatawkward!

So,rememberthelittledetailsofthepeopleyoumetoryoutalkedwith;perhaps

theplacestheyhavebeento,theplacestheywanttogo,thethingstheylike,the

thingstheyhate-whateveryoutalkabout.

Whenyouremembersuchthingsyoucanautomaticallybecomeinvestorintheir

wellbeing.Sotheyfeelaresponsibilitytoyoutokeepthatrelationshipgoing.

That，sit.Fiveamazingwaysthatyoucanmakeconversationwithalmostanyone.

Everypersonisareallygoodbooktoread,ortohaveaconversationwith!

SectionIIITranslation

46.Directions:

TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.Writeyourtranslationonthe

ANSWERSHEET.(15points)

Afifthgradergetsahomeworkassignmenttoselecthisfuturecareerpathfrom

alistofoccupations.Heticks“astronaut“butquicklyadds“scientist"tothe

listandselectsitaswell.Theboyisconvincedthatifhereadsenough,hecan

exploreasmanycareerpathsashelikes.Andsohereads一everythingfrom

encyclopediastosciencefictionnovels.Hereadssopassionatelythathisparents

havetoinstitutea“noreadingpolicy"atthedinnertable.

ThatboywasBillGa