热点11诺贝尔奖的相关情况(解析版)-备战2023年中考英语热点话题解读关键能力(题型)强化专练(通用版)

备战2023年中考英语热点话题解读+关键能力(题型)强化专练热点11诺贝尔奖的相关情况以量子计算和量子通信为代表的第二次量子革命、曾被爱因斯坦质疑的量子纠缠、中国在全球率先发射的量子卫星……这些都是与刚刚揭晓的2022年诺贝尔物理学奖相关的热门话题。瑞典皇家科学院4日宣布，将2022年诺贝尔物理学奖授予法国科学家阿兰·阿斯佩、美国科学家约翰·克劳泽和奥地利科学家安东·蔡林格，以表彰他们在“纠缠光子实验、验证违反贝尔不等式和开创量子信息科学”方面所做出的贡献。10月4日，在瑞典斯德哥尔摩举行的2022年诺贝尔物理学奖公布现场，屏幕上显示奖项得主阿兰·阿斯佩（左）、约翰·克劳泽（中）和安东·蔡林格的照片。量子力学从上世纪初诞生以来，催生了晶体管、激光等重大发明，这被科学界称为第一次量子革命。近来，以量子计算和量子通信为代表的第二次量子革命又在兴起。瑞典皇家科学院在诺奖公报中说，今年三位获奖者在量子纠缠实验方面的贡献，“为当前量子技术领域正发生的革命奠定了基础”。量子纠缠长期是量子力学中最具争议的问题之一。量子纠缠是一种奇怪的量子力学现象，处于纠缠态的两个量子不论相距多远都存在一种关联，其中一个量子状态发生改变，另一个的状态会瞬时发生相应改变。在很长一段时间里，以爱因斯坦为代表的部分物理学家对量子纠缠持怀疑态度，爱因斯坦称其为“鬼魅般的超距作用”。他们认为量子理论是“不完备”的，纠缠的粒子之间存在着某种人类还没观察到的相互作用或信息传递，也就是“隐变量”。20世纪60年代，物理学家约翰·贝尔提出可用来验证量子力学的“贝尔不等式”。如果贝尔不等式始终成立，那么量子力学可能被其他理论替代。为了对贝尔不等式进行验证，美国科学家约翰·克劳泽设计了相关实验，其中使用特殊的光照射钙原子，由此发射纠缠的光子，再使用滤光片来测量光子的偏振状态。经过一系列测量，克劳泽能够证明实验结果违反了贝尔不等式，且与量子力学预测相符。但这个实验具有局限性，原因包括实验装置在产生和捕获粒子方面效率较低、滤光片处于固定角度等。在此基础上，法国科学家阿兰·阿斯佩设计了新版本的实验，测量效果更好。阿斯佩填补了克劳泽实验的重要漏洞，并提供了一个非常明确的结果：量子力学是正确的，且没有“隐变量”。奥地利科学家安东·蔡林格后来对贝尔不等式进行了更多的实验验证。其中一项实验使用了来自遥远星系的信号来控制滤波器，确保信号不会相互影响，进一步证实了量子力学的正确性。蔡林格和同事还利用量子纠缠展示了一种称为量子隐形传态的现象，即将量子态从一个粒子转移到另一个粒子。其团队还在量子通信等方面有诸多研究进展。其中一项重要成果就是，2017年中国与奥地利科学家借助中国的“墨子号”量子卫星，成功实施世界首次量子保密的洲际视频通话。这也是为什么诺贝尔物理学奖评委托尔斯·汉斯·汉森在现场解读获奖成果时，展示了一张含有中国量子卫星的图片，其上显示了中国和欧洲之间的洲际量子通信实验。诺奖官方公报说，世界各地的研究人员已经发现了许多利用量子力学强大特性的新方法，而这些都得益于今年三位获奖者的贡献。他们扫除了贝尔不等式等“拦路虎”，这也是为什么公报称赞“他们的结果为基于量子信息的新技术扫清了道路”。（来源|新华网、科学＋）一、阅读理解1Whatwouldlifebelikeifyouwerearocker,asoccerplayer,aprofessoratStanfordUniversity,andaNobelPrizewinner?CarolynBertozzifromtheUSlivessuchacoollife!Bertozzi,56,sharesthisyear’sNobelPrizeinchemistrywithBarrySharpless（US）andMortenMeldal（Denmark）.Shebecamethisyear’sonlywomanwinnerinscienceandtheeighthwomantoreceivethechemistryprizeinhistory.Bertozziwontheprizeforstudyingthesugarcoatsofcells（细胞）.Shehasfoundasmartwaytoconnectcellsbyconnectingtheirsugarcoats.Thecellsthenhaveagreencolorsothatscientistscanseeclearlywheretheyareandhowtheymove.AccordingtotheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,thisfindinghasaquitegoodinfluenceonmedicine.Despitehergreatachievements,BertozzisaidshewasnotveryinterestedinchemistryuntilhersecondyearatHarvardUniversity.“Theprofessorsmadetheclassverydifficult.”shetoldChemistryWorldmagazine.“Myclassmatescomplainedalot,butitmatchedmybrain.”Exceptfordoingsciencestudies,Bertozzihaslivedacolorfullife.Shewasakeyboarder（键盘手）inarockband.“Ievenusedtothinkaboutmakingmusicmymajor（专业）.”shesaid.Shealsoplayedsoccer,andwonascholarshipinsportsfromHarvard.Asafemalescientist,Bertozzitriestoencouragefemalestudents.“Inthelate1980s,maybe10percentofthestudentswerefemale,”shesaid.“Thereweremaybeoneortwowomeninalab,sowetriedtosupporteachotherbystartingamonthlyget-togetherforallthewomenstudentsaroundme.”In2022,Bertozziwonanawardforthis.Herexperiencemadeherlearnaveryimportantlesson:Youdon’tneedtoknowhowtosucceedquickly.Allyouneedtodoistodosomeworkeverydayandsolveproblemsstepbystep.Thewaytosuccessmayfinallyappear.1.WhydidBertozziwinthisyear’sNobelPrize?A.Becauseshewasveryinterestedinchemistry.B.BecausesheistheeighthfemaleprofessoratStanfordUniversity.C.Becauseshefoundawaytoconnectcellsandmakethemclearertosee.D.Becauseshefoundanewtypeofcellswithagreencolor.2.HowmightBertozzidescribeherchemistryclassinhersecondyearatHarvardUniversity?A.Uselessanddifficult. B.Boringandsimple.C.Difficultandboring. D.Interestingandnottoohard.3.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph5?A.Bertozzioncewrotesongsforarockband.B.Bertozzioncestudiedmusicatheruniversity.C.Bertozzilivedacolorfullifeexceptfordoingresearch.D.Bertozziwonascholarshipbecauseofhertalentinchemistry.4.HowdidBertozziencouragefemalestudentsinthe1980s?A.Shesetanawardforwomeninscience.B.Sheincreasedthenumberoffemalestudentsby10percent.C.Shehelpedstartamonthlyget-togetherforwomentosupporteachother.D.Shebuiltanewlabforgirlstodoresearch.5.WhatdowelearnfromBertozzi?A.Weshouldlearnmusicinourlife. B.Weshouldwinprizesasmuchaspossible.C.Weshouldfindthewaystosuccessquickly. D.Weshouldbepatientandworkhardtosucceed.【答案】1.C

2.D

3.C

4.C

5.D【解析】这篇文章介绍了诺贝尔科学奖获得者，女化学家Bertozzi和她的丰富多彩的生活。她告诉我们，我们应该有耐心，努力工作才能成功。1.细节理解题。根据第三段中句子“Bertozziwontheprizeforstudyingthesugarcoatsofcells（细胞）.Shehasfoundasmartwaytoconnectcellsbyconnectingtheirsugarcoats.Thecellsthenhaveagreencolorsothatscientistscanseeclearlywheretheyareandhowtheymove.”可知，Bertozzi获得了今年的诺贝尔奖是因为她找到了一种连接细胞的方法，使细胞看得更清楚。故选C。2.推理判断题。根据第四段句子“Despitehergreatachievements,BertozzisaidshewasnotveryinterestedinchemistryuntilhersecondyearatHarvardUniversity.‘Theprofessorsmadetheclassverydifficult.’shetoldChemistryWorldmagazine.”可以推断，Bertozzi认为她在哈佛大学二年级的化学课有趣并且不难。故选D。3.段落大意题。根据第五段句子“Exceptfordoingsciencestudies,Bertozzihaslivedacolorfullife.”可知Bertozzi除了做研究外，她的生活丰富多彩。故选C。4.细节理解题。根据第六段句子“‘Inthelate1980s,maybe10percentofthestudentswerefemale,’shesaid.‘Thereweremaybeoneortwowomeninalab,sowetriedtosupporteachotherbystartingamonthlyget-togetherforallthewomenstudentsaroundme.’”可知，Bertozzi在20世纪80年代，她帮助组织了一个每月一次的妇女聚会，来鼓励女学生。故选C。5.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Herexperiencemadeherlearnaveryimportantlesson:Youdon’tneedtoknowhowtosucceedquickly.Allyouneedtodoistodosomeworkeverydayandsolveproblemsstepbystep.Thewaytosuccessmayfinallyappear.”可知，我们从Bertozzi身上学到，我们应该有耐心,努力工作才能成功。故选D。2Whatwillyoubedoingwhenyouare26yearsold?Studyingatuniversityorworkingforaliving?TakealookatwhatAlbertEinsteinwasdoingattheageof26.100yearsago,EinsteinwasworkinginSwitzerland.Hishobbywasphysics.Withoutmuchmoneyorhelp,hewrotefivepapers(论文)foraphysicsmagazine.Threeofthesegreatlychangedthestudyofphysicsandourunderstandingofspace,time,lightandmatter(物质).HismostfamousworkisontheTheoryofRelativity(相对论).EinsteinwasgiventheNobelPrize(诺贝尔奖)forhisdiscoveries.Althoughhedidmanyotherthingslater,theyears1905hasbeencalledEinstein’s“YearofWonders(奇迹)”.Ithasbeenmorethan110yearssincethen.Becauseofthis,theUNhasnamed2005theWorldYearofPhysics.FiftyyearsafterEinstein’sdeath,aquestionisasked,“WillthereeverbeanotherEinstein?”Itmaytakealongtime.Afterall,Einsteinwasbornmorethan200yearsafterSirIsaacNewton,anothergreatscientist.Besides,physicsisadifferentfield(领域)now,andeducationisdifferent,too.Evenifyoucan’tbethenextgreatscientist,itisstillhelpfultoremembersomeofthethingsthatmadeEinsteingreat.Hethoughtindependently(独立地)andreadwidely.Heleftuswithaformula(公式)forlife:IfAisasuccessinlife,thenA=X+Y+Z.Xiswork;Yisplay;andZiskeepingyourmouthshut.6.Theyear1905isknownasEinstein’s“YearofWonders”because________.A.EinsteinwasworkinginSwitzerlandin1905B.Einsteinwas26yearsoldin1905C.Einsteinmadesomeveryimportantdiscoveriesin1905D.Einsteinstudiedphysicsin19057.Whyhasn’ttherebeenanotherscientistasgreatasEinstein?A.Becausethestudyofphysicsisnotenough.B.BecauseitishardtomakeimportantdiscoveriesasEinsteindid.C.Becausepeopledon’tworkhardanymore.D.Becausephysicsisgettingmoreandmoredifficult.8.TheUNhasnamed2005theWorldYearofPhysicsbecause________.A.Einsteinis100yearsoldthisyearB.Einsteinhasbeendeadfor50yearsC.therehavebeenothergreatdiscoveriesafterEinstein’sdeathD.itisthe100thyearsinceEinstein’s“YearofWonders”9.WhatdoesEinstein’sformulaofsuccessmean?A.Successmeansyearsofhardwork.B.Successmeansallstudyandnoplay.C.Successmeansworkinghard,relaxingandnottalkingtoomuch.D.Successisasecretthatnobodyknows.【答案】6.C

7.B

8.D

9.C【解析】本文主要讲了爱因斯坦，描述了他对我们的贡献，以及他的辉煌成就。6.细节理解题。根据“EinsteinwasgiventheNobelPrize(诺贝尔奖)for11isdiscoveries.Althoughhedidmanyotherthingslater,theyears1905hasbeencalledEinstein’s“YearofWonders(奇迹)”.”可知，1905年被称为爱因斯坦的“奇迹年”，因为爱因斯坦在1905年做出了一些非常重要的发现。故选C。7.细节理解题。根据“Itmaytakealongtime.Afterall,Einsteinwasbornmorethan200yearsafterSirIsaacNewton,anothergreatscientist.”可知，没有像爱因斯坦那样伟大的科学家是因为很难有人能像爱因斯坦那样做出重大发现。故选B。8.细节理解题。根据“theyears1905hasbeencalledEinstein’s‘YearofWonders’”可知，2005年距离爱因斯斯坦的“奇迹年”整整100年。因此，联合国将2005年定为世界物理年。故选D。9.细节理解题。根据“Heleftuswithaformula(公式)forlife:IfAisasuccessinlife,thenA=X+Y+Z.Xiswork;Yisplay;andZiskeepingyourmouthshut.”可知，成功意味着努力工作，放松，不要说太多。故选C。3①MarieCurieisafamousscientistwhoismostfamousfordiscoveringtwonewradioactiveelements(放射性元素).DuringtheFirstWorldWar,MarieCurieinventedagreatmachinewhichhavehelpedoveronemillionsoldiers.②MarieCuriewasborninPolandonthe7thNovember1867.Marie’sparentswerebothteachersandherfatherwouldoftenteachherscienceathome.Whenshegrewolder,Mariewantedtogotouniversityandlearnallaboutphysics.Unluckily,atthetimewomenwerenotallowedtostudyinPoland.ThismeantthatMariehadtomovetoFrancewhereshewasallowedtogotouniversity.③Aftershehadlearntallaboutphysicsatuniversity,Marieworkedinalabwithherhusband,PierreCurie.Duringthistime,Mariemadegreatprogressanddiscoveredtwonewradioactiveelementswhichhadneverbeenseenbefore.Becauseofheramazingdiscoveriesandworkinscience,MarieCuriebecamethefirstwomanevertowinaNobelPrize.Afewyearslater,MariewentontowinasecondNobelPrizewhichmadeherthefirstpersonevertowintwoNobelPrizes!④WhentheFirstWorldWarstarted,MarieCurieknewshehadtodosomethingtohelp.Mariehadrealizedthatwoundedsoldiersrecoveredbetteriftheyweretreatedquickly.Puttingherknowledgeandunderstandingofradiationtogooduse,Mariedecidedtoinventamachinewhichcouldhelpsoldiersclosetothefront.⑤Althoughshewasbornover150yearsago,Marie’sworkisstillwellknown.Amazingly,sometreatmentsbeingusedinhospitalstodaystartedoutasinventionsinherlab.ManyplacesevenuseMarie’snameasrecognitionofthegreatworkshecarriedout.10.MarieCuriewasthefirstwomanwhocan________.A.goabroad B.buildasciencelabC.studyphysics D.winaNobelPrize11.What’sthecorrectorderofMarieCurie’slife?a.MariewasborninPoland.b.Mariewenttolearnphysics.e.Marieworkedinthewar.d.MariefoundnewelementsA.a-d-b-e B.a-b-d-c C.b-a-c-d D.b-c-a-d12.Thebesttitleforthepassagecanprobablybe________.A.AchievementsinMarie’sLifeB.TwoDiscoveriesinMarie’sLifeC.Marie’sEducationExperiencesD.Marie’sLong-lastingInfluence13.What’sthestructureofthepassage?A. B. C. D.【答案】10.D

11.B

12.D

13.B【解析】本文主要向我们介绍玛丽·居里传奇的一生，她热爱科学研究，并且深具真正的品格和精神。10.细节理解题。根据“MarieCuriebecamethefirstwomanevertowinaNobelPrize”可知，玛丽·居里成为有史以来第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女性，故选D。11.细节理解题。根据“MarieCuriewasborninPolandonthe7thNovember1867”可知，出生在波兰，所以a排在第一位，排除C和D。根据“Aftershehadlearntallaboutphysicsatuniversity”可知，她去学习物理，所以b排在第二位，排除A，故选B。12.最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要向我们介绍玛丽·居里传奇的一生，所以D选项“Marie’sLong-lastingInfluence”符合本文标题，故选D。13.篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出本文主题；第二段到第四段是介绍她的一生经历；最后一段是对她的评价，故选B。4ANobelPrizeisconsideredbymostpeopleasoneofthehighestinternationalhonoursapersoncanreceive.Asyouknow,theprizeswerestartedbyaSwedishcalledAlfredNobel.HewasborninStockholm,thecapitalofSweden.AlfredNobelwasagreatscientist.Hemadetwoimportantinventions,andsohebecameveryrich.Althoughhewasrich,Nobelwasnothappy.Henevermarriedorhadchildren.Also,hewasasickmanduringhislargepartoflife.Whenhediedattheageof63,heleftafundof$9,000,000.Themoneywastobeusedingivingprizestothosewhomadegreatachievementsinphysics,chemistry,medicine,literatureandworldpeace.ThefirstNobelPrizewasgivenonDecember10,1901,fiveyearsafterNobel’sdeath.SincethenmanyfamouspeoplefromallovertheworldhavebeengivenNobelPrizesfortheirachievements.Eachprizehasthreeparts.Thefirstpartisagoldmedal.Second,awinnerofaNobelPrizeisgivenacertificate,sayingthathehasbeengiventheprize.Thethirdpartoftheprizeisalargeamountofmoney—about$40,000.Oftenaprizeisgiventojustoneperson,butnotalways.Sometimesaprizeisshared.Itmaybegiventotwoormorepeoplewhohaveworkedtogether.Itisalsosometimestruethataprizeisnotgivenatallifthereisnogreatachievement.In1972,forexample,noNobelPeacePrizewasgiven.14.WhatkindofpersonwouldyousayAlfredNobelwas?A.Hewasarich,happyandluckyman. B.Hewasapoor,unhappyandunluckyman.C.Hewasarich,butunhappyandunluckyman. D.Hewasapoor,buthappyandluckyman.15.Whenhedied,Nobelleftalargeamountofmoney________.A.tohiswife B.tohischildrenC.forhelpingthepoorpeopleinSweden D.forsettingfiveprizes16.Theunderlinedword“certificate”inthepassagemostprobablymeans________.A.证书 B.书信 C.票 D.卡片17.HowmanypersonsisaNoblePrizegivento?A.Notalwaysoneperson. B.Twopersons.C.Onlyoneperson. D.Threepersons.18.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.ThefirstNobelPrizewasgivenatonceafterNobeldied.B.Nobeldiedin1896.C.Thethirdpartofeachprizeisagoldmedal.D.TheNobelPrizeisalwaysgiven.【答案】14.C

15.D

16.A

17.A

18.B【解析】本文主要讲述了诺贝尔的生平及用其死后留下的财产设立的五个世界级的奖项。14.细节理解题。根据“AlfredNobelwasagreatscientist.Hemadetwoimportantinventions,andsohebecameveryrich.Althoughhewasrich,Nobelwasnothappy”可知，诺贝尔是富有，但不开心和不幸运的人。故选C。15.细节理解题。根据“Themoneywastobeusedingivingprizestothosewhomadegreatachievementsinphysics,chemistry,medicine,literatureandworldpeace.”可知，设置了5个奖项，故选D。16.词义猜测题。根据“Second,awinnerofaNobelPrizeisgivenacertificate,sayingthathehasbeengiventheprize.”可知，诺贝尔奖的获得者会得到一张证书，表明他已经获得了诺贝尔奖，所以划线部分表示“证书”，故选A。17.细节理解题。根据“Oftenaprizeisgiventojustoneperson,butnotalways.”可知，奖项通常只颁发给一个人，但也不总是这样，故选A。18.推理判断题。根据“ThefirstNobelPrizewasgivenonDecember10,1901,fiveyearsafterNobel’sdeath.”可推断，他是在(1901-5=)1896年去世的，故选B。5TheNoblePrizemaybethebestprizeintheworldonecanget.Thereareprizesforoutstanding(杰出的)peopleindifferentcategories:Chemistry,Physics,Physiology/Medicine,Literature,PeaceandEconomicSciences.ThewinnersareannouncedinOctober.Let’shavealookatthewinnerinLiterature(文学).Inthepasttwoyearswe’veseentheNobelPrizeforLiteraturegotoBelarusian(白俄罗斯的)reporterSvetlanaAlexievichandUSmusicianBobDylan.Thisyeartheprizereturnedtoamoretraditionalliterarywriter—theJapanese-bornEnglishwriterKazuoIshiguro.Accordingtothecommittee,Ishiguro’snovelshave“greatemotionalforce”anduncoverpeople’sconnectionwiththeworld.Ishigurohasbeenafull-timeauthoreversincehisfirstbook,APaleViewofHills,publishedin1982.InthebookIshigurotellsastoryofamiddle-agedJapanesewomanlivingaloneinEngland.Itmaybecommonforanimmigrant(移民的)authortowriteaboutthelivesofpeoplefromhisorhermothercountry.ButIshigurodoesn’tstopthere.Hewritesaboutdifferenttopicsandsetsstoriesindifferentplaces.ThestoryofWhenWeWereOrphanshappensinShanghai.InTheRemainsoftheDay,anEnglishbutler(管家)recallshisdaysduringWorldWarII.InNeverLetMeGo,Ishiguroevenwritesastoryofclones(克隆人).IshigurotoldTheGuardianthathewantsto“remindusofhowinternationaltheworldis”.19.ThispassageisabouttheNobelPrizewinnerin________.A.Chemistry B.Physics C.Literature D.Peace20.Wemayinfer(推断)thatusually________wintheNobelPrizeforLiterature.A.reporters B.writers C.musicians D.directors21.WhichisnottrueaboutKazuoIshiguro?A.HeusesEnglishtowritehisworks.B.HewasborninJapan.C.Hedoesn’thaveotherjobsD.HemainlywritesaboutthelivesofJapanesepeople.22.HowmanyworksofKazuoIshiguroarementioned?A.3 B.4 C.5 D.623.AllthefollowingmakeKazuoIshiguro’sworksoutstandingexcept________.A.heevenwritesaboutclonesB.heshowsgreatemotionalforceC.heuncoverspeople’sconnectionwiththeworldD.heremindsusofhowinternationaltheworldis【答案】19.C

20.B

21.D

22.B

23.A【解析】本文主要讲述了获得诺贝尔文学奖的作家KazuoIshiguro的一些作品。19.主旨大意题。根据“Let’shavealookatthewinnerinLiterature”可知本文主要是有关诺贝尔文学家获得者的。故选C。20.推理判断题。根据“Thisyeartheprizereturnedtoamoretraditionalliterarywriter—theJapanese-bornEnglishwriterKazuoIshiguro.”可知今年，该奖项重新授予了一位更为传统的文学作家——日裔英国作家KazuoIshiguro，由此可知通常作家会获得诺贝尔文学奖。故选B。21.细节理解题。根据“Hewritesaboutdifferenttopicsandsetsstoriesindifferentplaces.”可知他写不同的主题，并在不同的地方设置故事，选项D表述错误。故选D。22.细节理解题。根据“eversincehisfirstbook,APaleViewofHills,publishedin1982”以及“ThestoryofWhenWeWereOrphanshappensinShanghai.InTheRemainsoftheDay,anEnglishbutler(管家)recallshisdaysduringWorldWarII.InNeverLetMeGo.Ishiguroevenwritesastoryofclones”可知文章提到了《山丘的苍白景象》、《当我们是孤儿》、《日之残迹》以及《别让我走》四部作品。故选B。23.推理判断题。根据“Accordingtothecommittee,Ishiguro’snovelshave‘greatemotionalforce’anduncoverpeople’sconnectionwiththeworld”以及“hewantsto‘remindusofhowinternationaltheworldis’”可知他的小说具有“巨大的情感力量”，揭示了人们与世界的联系，并且他想提醒我们世界是多么的多元化，由此可知，他的作品如此成功的原因不包括选项A。故选A。6Forthepast20years,theTouchingChinaannualpeopleawardhashonoredpeoplefromallwalksoflifeacrossthecountry.Theyarepeoplewhowarmourheartswiththeiractions.OnMarch32022,the2021TouchingChinaAwardceremonyairedonCCTV.Teninspirationalrolemodelswereonthelist,YangZhenningisoneofthem.Whenmentioningthegreatesttheoreticalphysicistsintheworld,YangZhenningisanamenevertobeforgotten.YangwasbornonSeptember22,1922,inHefeiAnhui,China,andgrewupinthepeacefulandacademicalatmosphereofthecampusofTsinghuaUniversity.Fromayoungagehehadaninterestinphysics.Attheageof12,YangshowedhisgreatambitiontowinaNobelPrizeafterbeingattractedbyabookabouttheunknownsoftheuniverse.Withthisgoalinmind,Yangstudiedhard.Aftergettingamaster’sdegreeinTsinghuaUniversityin1944,YanggottheopportunitytofurtherhisstudiesintheUnitedStates.TherehemetanotherChinesestudent,Tsung-daoLee(李政道),whosharedthesameinterests,andtheyoftendiscussedthephysicsissuestogether.In1957,thetwojointlyproposedthetheoryofparitynon-conservationinweakinteractions(弱相互作用中宇称不守恒),whichmadeagreatcontributiontohigh-energyphysics.Oncethetheorywasputforward,itimmediatelycausedasensation(轰动)inthephysicscommunity.Monthslater,thetwowontheNobelPrizeinPhysics.ItletotherChinesepeopleknowthatChinesescientistscouldstandoutintheglobalsciencecommunityandbeontheglobalfrontier(前沿)tocompetewiththeirpeers.AttheNobelBanquet,Yangalsoexpressedhispride,saying,“IamasproudofmyChineseheritageandbackgroundasIamdevotedtomodernscience,apartofhumancivilizationofWesternorigin.”Nomatterwherehehasbeen,YangZhenninghasalwayshadhismotherlandinmind.However,thefrozenSino-USrelationshippreventedChinesescientistswhoobtained(获得)doctoraldegreesfromtheUSlikeYangfromreturningtoChina.In1971,YangfinallygotthechancetoreturntoChinaforavisit.Later,tosupportdomesticeducation,YangsoldamansionintheUS,donatingallthemoneytoTsinghuaUniversity.In2003,YangreturnedtoChinaandalsotaughtatTsinghua.Underhisinfluence,manyoverseasChinesealsoreturnedtoChinatomakecontributions,suchasTuringAwardwinnerYaoQizhi,physicistWuXiaogang,mathematicianZhangShouwu.24.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiswrong?A.YangZhenningknewTsung-daoLeeinTsinghuaUniversityandgottheNobelPrizetogether.B.YangZhenningtakesprideinowningChinesebackground.C.YangZhenningcouldn’treturnhismotherlandbecauseoftheSino-USrelationship.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?A.站出来 B.表现 C.站起来26.What’sthebesttitleforthisarticle?A.YangZhenning’slovetohiscountry.B.YangZhenning’sinfluence.C.YangZhenning-oneofthe2021TouchingChinaannualpeople.27.Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?(P1=Paragraph1)A. B. C.【答案】24.A

25.A

26.C

27.C【解析】本文主要介绍了2022年3月3号公布的2021年感动中国十大人物之一：杨振宁。24.细节理解题。根据“YanggottheopportunitytofurtherhisstudiesintheUnitedStates.TherehemetanotherChinesestudent,Tsung-daoLee(李政道),whosharedthesameinterests,andtheyoftendiscussedthephysicsissuestogether.”可知，杨振宁是在美国遇见了李政道，不是在清华大学。故选A。25.词句猜测题。根据“ItletotherChinesepeopleknowthatChinesescientistscouldstandoutintheglobalsciencecommunityandbeontheglobalfrontier(前沿)tocompetewiththeirpeers.”可知，中国科学家可以在全球科学界脱颖而出，站在全球前沿与同行竞争。此处standout与选项A意思相近，故选A。26.主旨大意题。根据全文可知，本文主要介绍了2022年3月3号公布的2021年感动中国十大人物之一：杨振宁。故选C。27.篇章结构题。根据第一段可知，主要引出2022年3月3号公布的2021年感动中国十大人物之一：杨振宁，也就是即将要介绍的主人公；第二至五段介绍了杨振宁的个人经历和获得诺贝尔物理学奖的过程；最后一段介绍了杨振宁对于中国海外学生的影响，故选C。7MenwontheNobelPrizesinsciencemostofthetimeinthepast.Butthisyear,womenbecamethemaincharacters!JenniferDoudnafromtheUSandEmmanuelleChapentierfromFrancesharedtheNobelPrizeinChemistry.It’sthefirsttimeinhistoryfortwowomentowintheprizewithouthavingtoshareitwithaman.Atthesametime,USastronomerAndreaGhezbecamethefourthwomantowinaNobelPrizeinPhysics,whichshesharedwithtwootherscientists.ItsfirstfemalewinnerwasMarieCuriein1903.DoudnaandCharpentiergottheprizebecausetheydevelopedCRISPR/Cas9geneticscissors,atechnologythatcanrewriteDNAinthecellsofplants,animalsandmicro-organisms.Ithashada“greateffectonthelifesciences”,accordingtotheRoyalSwedishAcademyofSciences.Forexample,itcanhelpusdevelopcropsthatcanfightagainstsomenaturaldisasters.Itcouldalsohelptreatsomeseriousdiseasesinthefuture.OnhearingthattheywerethesixthandseventhwomentowintheChemistryPrize,Charpentiersaidthatshehopesgirlsandyoungfemalescientistswillunderstandthat“nothingisimpossibleandwomencanfindgreatdiscoveriesjustasmendo”.Ghez,whowasawardedforherresearchonblackhole,hadthesamefeeling.“I’mhappytobepartofthechangewheremorewomensucceed.Ithinkthat’sanimportantwayinwhichweencouragetheothergirlsandwomenscientists,”Ghezsaid.Inadditiontoherresearch,shewasalsooneoftheauthorsofthe2006children’sbookYouCanBeaWomenAstronomer.28.WhatdoesParagraph3focuson?A.Howtheydidtheirresearch.B.Whytheyweregiventheprize.C.Whattheyfoundintheirresearch.D.Howwinningtheprizehasmadeadifferenceintheirlives.29.WhatdoesGhezthinkaboutwinningaNobelPrize?A.Itwillchangeherlifeinabigway.B.Itprovesthatnothingisimpossible.C.Itshowsthatwomenaremoresuccessfulthanmen.D.Itcanencouragetheothergirlsandwomenscientists.30.Whatdoweknowfromthestory?A.ThereweresevenfemaleNobelPrizewinnersintotal.B.GhezsharedtheNobelPrizeinPhysicswithatleastoneman.C.Morewomenareworkingaschemiststhanastronomers.D.Ghezwillwriteachildren’sbookaboutwinningtheprize.【答案】28.B

29.D

30.B【解析】本文向读者介绍了今年，女性成了诺贝尔奖项的主角，旨在鼓励更多的女性获得诺贝尔奖项。28.段落大意题。根据“DoudnaandCharpentiergottheprizebecausetheydevelopedCRISPR/Cas9geneticscissors,atechnologythatcanrewriteDNAinthecellsofplants,animalsandmicro-organisms.”可知，本段主要介绍Doudna和Charpentier因为什么而获奖。故选B。29.细节理解题。根据“I’mhappytobepartofthechangewheremorewomensucceed.Ithinkthat’sanimportantwayinwhichweencouragetheothergirlsandwomenscientists”可知，Ghez认为获得诺贝尔奖是鼓励其他女孩和女科学家的重要方式。故选D。30.推理判断题。根据“Atthesametime,USastronomerAndreaGhezbecamethefourthwomantowinaNobelPrizeinPhysics,whichshesharedwithtwootherscientists.”可知，Ghez至少和一个人分享诺贝尔物理学奖。故选B。8Inthe1960s,SyukuroManabestartedtostudyhowcarbondioxide(CO2二氧化碳)couldmakeEarthwarmer.Hediditoutofcuriosity(好奇心).OnOct.5,Manabegotthe2021NoblePrizeforhiswork.Curiosityhasdrivenscientiststomakenewfindings.Whatkindsofcuriosityledtothisyear’sNobelPrizeinscience?Takealook!NobelPrizeinphysicsThreescientistswonthisprizetogether.Japan-bornSyukuroManabeworksatPrincetonUniversity,US.Hemadeacomputermodel.ItshowedpeoplethatdoublingCO2wouldincreaseEarth’stemperaturebymorethan2degrees.Itwasthefirstmodeltostudyclimate.Hisworkgreatlyhelpedscientistsstudyclimatelater.TheothertwowinnersareGermanscientistKlausHasselmannandItalianscientistGiorgioParisi.NobelPrizeinphysiologyormedicine

Whycanwefeelcold,painortouch?AmericanscientistDavidJuliusandLebanon-bornArdemPatapoutianansweredthisquestion.Theyfoundsomespecialnervecells(神经细胞).Thesecellssendamessagetoourbrainswhenweeathotfoodorhugsomeone.Theirfindingscanhelptreatmanydisease.Forexample,somechildrencan’tseetheirhands.Theyneedtoseewheretheirfingersarewhentheypickupsomething.Thisfindingscouldhelpdevelopdrugs(药物)forthis.Itmayalsohelpmakehuman-likerobotsinthefuture!NobelPrizeinchemistryMakingnewmaterialsordrugsisnoteasy.Youoftenneedtobuildnewmolecules(分子).Atoms(原子)needtobeputtogetherthroughmanychemicalreactions(化学反应).Itisoftenslow.BenjaminListfromGermanyandScotland-bornDavidMacMillanfoundawaytomakechemicalreactionsfaster,easierandgreener.Eachofthemfoundacatalysttodothis.Theirworkhasgreatlyfastertheworld’sdrugdevelopment.31.Whatcanwelearnaboutthisyear’sNobelPrizeinphysics?A.Itcelebratesthestudyofscientist’scuriosity.B.Oneofthewinnersstudiedclimatechangewithacomputermodel.C.Itshowsthatcomputerskillsarenotimportantinscience.D.ThreeGermanscientistssharedtheprize.32.AccordingtoJuliusandPatapoutian,wecanfeelcoldorpainbecause________.A.somespecialnervecellssendmessagestoourbrainsB.ourbrainscanmakespecialnervecellsC.wecanfeelourownfingersD.therearechemical