2022年中考英语(百色专用)复习精讲教学案-专题8动词和动词短语

专题八动词和动词短语动词的基本形式和分类(必考，选择填空、完形填空、选词填空、单词拼写考查)选择填空。(B)1.(2021柳州改编)He________likehisbrother.A．lookB．looksC．lookingD．looked(C)2.It________dark.ShallIturnonthelight?A．getsB．gotC．isgettingD．wasgetting(D)3.—________Jackusuallydrinkmilk?—Yes，he________．Helikesitverymuch.A．Do；isB．Do；doC．Does；isD．Does；does(B)4.Yesterdayafternoon，TomandI________toazoo.goB．wentC．goingD．goes用所给单词的适当形式填空。5．Mrs.Licameintotheclassroom，__carrying__(carry)abookunderherarm.6．Hewasdrunkandlying(lie)onthestreet.7．Shesattherequietly__reading__(read)anovel.8．Inthepast，mygrandparents__lived__(live)inanoldandsmallhouse.1．动词的基本形式(1)规则变化动词形式构成方法例词原形run，watch，study…第三人称单数一般情况下，在动词原形后加­srun—runs以s，x，ch，sh或o结尾的动词，在词尾加­eswatch—watchesgo—goes以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的动词，改y为i，再加­esstudy—studies现在分词一般情况下，在动词原形后加­ingstudy—studying以不发音的字母e结尾的动词去掉e再加­ingmake—making以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写该辅音字母，再加­ingstop—stopping少数以ie结尾的动词，把ie改为y，再加­ingdie—dying续表动词形式构成方法例词过去式和过去分词一般情况下，在动词原形后加­edwork—worked—worked以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，在词尾加­dlive—lived—lived以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的动词，改y为i，再加­edcry—cried—cried以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写该辅音字母，再加­edstop—stopped—stopped注意：常见的以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词有：begin，run，swim，get，put，sit，shop，cut等。【助记口诀】开始(begin)跑步(run)，然后游泳(swim)，上岸拿来(get)衣服穿上(put)并坐下(sit)。打开电脑来购物(shop)，学会比较会砍价(cut)。(2)不规则变化(详见《晨读背记手册》“不规则变化表”)2．动词的分类(1)实义动词实义动词本身含有实际意义，表示动作或状态，在句中能独立作谓语。按能否直接接宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词。(2)助动词助动词本身没有意义或意义不完全，不能独立作谓语。助动词在句中与实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语，以表现时态、语态、人称和数等语法形式。此外助动词还可用来构成表否定、疑问或强调的句型。(3)连系动词连系动词，简称系动词，其本身没有实际意义。系动词不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成系表结构作句子的谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份等。常见的连系动词有：be，stay，keep，remain，feel，look，sound，taste，smell，become，get，turn，go等。(4)情态动词(详见“专题九情态动词”)动词词义及动词短语辨析(仅2019未考，选择填空、完形填空考查)选择填空。(B)1.Sam________acomputerfrommeyesterday.A．soldB．borrowedC．lentD．returned(B)2.JimisgoingtojointheArtClubbecausehelikes________.A．cookingB．drawingC．runningD．reading(A)3.(2021常州)Don't________yourchildwithothersbecauseeverychildisatreasure.A．compareB．complainC．contactD．consider(C)4.(2021青海改编)Momiscookingchickensoup.It________sogood.A．soundsB．tastesC．smellsD．feels(B)5.AlotofschoolsacrossChina________startingclassesbecauseofCOVID­19.A．putupB．putoffC．putonD．putaway(B)6.(2021菏泽改编)—IsanythingworthseeinginXi'an?—Yes.Don't________theamazingTerracottaArmy.A．offerB．missC．shareD．print(A)7.(2021南宁马山县一模)SamwantstobeadoctorlikeZhongNanshanwhenhe________．A．growsupB．wakesupC．staysupD．getsup(D)8.—Fangfang，shallwegotoseeafilmonSaturday?—Sorry.I'llhaveto________myyoungerbrotherbecausemymotherisout.A．lookatB．lookforC．lookupD．lookafter(D)9.(2021鞍山)—Thesummervacationiscoming.Doyouhaveanyplans?—I'mgoingto________ahobbylikeplayingtheguitar.A．cutupB．lookupC．turnupD．takeup(A)10.I________sleepverywell，butthenIstarteddoingyogaandithelpedalot.A．didn'tusetoB．usedtoC．wasusedtoD．wasn'tusedto(B)11.You'dbetter________yourcoat.It'shotinsidethehouse.A．takeoutB．takeoffC．takeupD．takeaway(D)12.(2021铁岭)—Sam,let's________theseoldthings.Idon'tneedthemanymore.—No.Wecantrytoputthemtogooduse.A．pulldownB．fixupC．handoutD．throwaway(A)13.(2021乐山改编)—Areyoukidding?Ican'tbelieveit!—I'mserious.I'mnot________astory.Itreallyhappened!A．makingupB．lookingupC．takingupD．gettingup1．不同类动词词义辨析不同类动词词义辨析主要考查动词在具体语境中的运用。在近8年百色中考中，重点考查实义动词辨析(2021、T46；2020、T48；2015、T39&T49&T53；2014、T48)及动词短语辨析(2021、T50)。解答此类试题的关键在于弄清句子在特定语境下的含义并结合常识和平时积累的语言知识找到关键词或前后的逻辑关系，从而确定正确答案。2．词义相对类动词辨析accept接受—refuse拒绝；不愿continue继续—stop停止take拿走—bring带来(2014、T50)borrow把……借入—lend把……借给arrive到达—leave离开find找到—lose丢失ask问—answer回答forget忘记—remember记住begin开始—end/finish结束love/like喜欢—hate讨厌believe相信—doubt怀疑open开—close关buy买—sell卖save节约—waste浪费come来—go去succeed成功—fail失败(2016、T53)3.易混动词辨析(1)arrive，reach与getto(考点讲解详见P17“考点2”)(2)borrow，lend与keep(考点讲解详见P65“考点1”)(3)watch，look，see与read(考点讲解详见P11“考点2”)(4)talk，speak，say与tell(考点讲解详见P17“考点1”)(5)spend，take，pay与cost(考点讲解详见P24“考点3”)4．动词短语辨析命题点1同一动词型(1)look短语(2018、T45；2014、T36)lookat看lookfor寻找lookafter照顾looklike看起来像lookover仔细检查lookupto钦佩；仰慕lookout当心lookaround环顾四周lookthrough浏览lookforwardto期待lookup查阅(字典)；抬头看(2)get短语getoff下车getup起床getto到达getin当选；进入getaway逃离getback回来getover克服getlost迷路getout离开geton上车；进展geton/alongwith与……相处getreadyfor为……做好准备(3)put短语putaway把……收好puton穿上；上演putoff推迟putout熄灭putdown写下；记下putup搭建；张贴(4)take短语(2021、T50；2017、T34)takeoff起飞；脱掉takeafter长得像takeup占据；从事takein吸收；吸入takeplace发生takepridein以……为荣takecareof照顾takepartin参加(5)turn短语turnon打开turnoff关掉turnup调高(音量)turnaround转身turndown调低(音量)；拒绝命题点2同一介词/副词型(1)for短语waitfor等待askfor请求carefor照顾；喜欢lookfor寻找payfor支付standfor代表leavefor动身前往……preparefor为……做准备(2)out短语lookout小心comeout出来；出版setout出发；开始cutout切掉goout出去handout发放；分发leaveout忽略；不提及runout用完；用尽findout找出pointout指出sellout卖完；售完hangout闲逛bringout使显现takeout拿出；取出workout成功地发展；解决(3)up短语addup加起来callup打电话cheerup使振奋bringup养育cleanup打扫clearup清理dressup打扮getup起床cutup切碎eatup吃光endup结束；告终fixup安装；修理giveup放弃growup成长hangup挂起来lookup查阅；查找makeup组成；编造mixup弄错；弄乱putup张贴；搭建pickup拾起；接(某人)setup创建；创办showup出现；露面standup起立stayup熬夜turnup偶然出现；调高(音量)takeup占据；从事(4)down短语cutdown砍倒；削减knockdown撞倒letdown使……失望turndown拒绝；调小writedown写下；记下liedown躺下putdown放下；写下takedown拆除；记下(5)about短语careabout关心；在乎hearabout听说knowabout了解thinkabout考虑worryabout担心talkabout谈论(6)away短语takeaway带走getaway逃离dieaway逐渐消失giveaway赠送throwaway扔掉washaway冲走putaway把……收好runaway逃跑(7)off短语breakoff中断cutoff阻挡；割掉falloff从……跌下shutoff关掉keepoff不接近payoff还清(债务)putoff推迟seeoff为……送行showoff炫耀getoff离开；下(车、马等)turnoff关掉gooff(闹钟)发出响声命题点3混合型(2016、T37&T55；2015、T46&T48&T51)更多动词短语详见《晨读背记手册》P21—P25内容！动词拼写(必考，单词拼写考查)用所给单词的适当形式填空。1．Hewouldratherstay(stay)athomethanhang(hang)outwithfriends.2．Whenwillthedinnerbe(be)ready?I'mhungry.3．IfelttiredbecauseIcarried(carry)aboxofbooksbackhomeonmyown.4．Jennyteaches(teach)Englishinamiddleschoolandshelovesherjob.5．Isawhimworking(work)inthegardenwhenIpassedbyyesterday.单词拼写。6．(2021南宁马山县一模)Whowouldyouliketoinvite(邀请)toyourbirthdayparty?7．(2021北海二模改编)Whenyouareexercising,itcanhelptohavesomeoneencourage(鼓励)you.8．Ifyoulikereading，youcanborrow(借)somebooksfromthelibrary.9．Let'splantmoretreestoprotectourenvironment.10．It'sourdutytocleantheclassroomeveryday.1．根据汉语提示填空结合语境，通常可以判断空格处是否填动词、其在句中的成分及是否需要变形。动词原形(仅2019年未考)在此题型中是考查的重点，动词过去分词(2021、T77)考查过一次。2．用所给单词的适当形式填空(2020年起新增)需分析该动词所在的句式结构，判断其在句中是否作谓语，同时注意时态和主谓一致，根据关键词和语境确定单词的正确形式。此外，要注意使用动词原形的情况：(1)情态动词后接动词原形(2021、T79；2020、T78)，如can，should，may，need，will，must，shall等；(2)助动词后接动词原形，如do，does，did，will，shall等；(3)不定式结构“to＋动词原形”；(4)祈使句中用动词原形(2020、T76)；(5)一些感官动词和使役动词后可接动词原形，如see，hear，watch，make，let，have等；(6)某些特殊句式或固定结构，如Whynot/don't…？，wouldrather…，hadbetter…等。3．根据首字母提示填空(2020年起取消此题型)结合语境，通常可以判断空格处是否填动词，其在句中的成分及是否需要变形。动词原形(8年4考)同样是此题型考查的重点。◆动词语法失分点规避点拨与针对练失分点1确定空格处填动词，但不知用哪种形式例题：用所给单词的适当形式填空。1．Heoften________(get)upatsix.2．We________(go)toShanghaiforvacationlastyear.3．Wemust________(wear)theschooluniformonschooldays.4．Let's________(clean)theclassroomafterschool.【点拨】1.考查人称与谓语动词的对应关系。首先由关键词often可知，用一般现在时，主语He是第三人称单数，故谓语动词也应用第三人称单数形式，此处应填gets。2.lastyear是一般过去时的显著时间标志，要注意go的过去式为不规则变化，此处应填went。3.考查“情态动词＋动词原形”的用法。此处应填wear。4.考查特殊句式(祈使句)“Let's＋动词原形＋其他．”。此处应填clean。【对应练习】用所给单词的适当形式填空。1．Tonyoften__speaks__(speak)Englishwithhisfriends.2．Nobody__likes__(like)himbecauseheoftentellslies.3．Janestayedathomeand__cleaned__(clean)thehouse.4．Don'tarrive(arrive)latefortomorrow'sschooltrip.5．Somestudentswere__talking__(talk)whentheteachercamein.失分点2确定填动词的名词形式，但不知如何变形例题：用所给单词的适当形式填空。1．Lindawantstobeanexcellent________(sing).2．Awisemanoftenmakesawise________(choose).3．Theteacher's________(die)madeusverysad.【点拨】分析这三个句子的结构可知，空格处都应填动词的名词形式。1.sing对应的职业名词是singer，表示“歌手”。2.句意为：智者通常会做出明智的选择。choose的名词形式是choice，表示“选择”。3.句意为：这位老师的去世使我们很悲伤。die的名词形式是death，表示“死亡”，注意这类动词转换为名词时的特殊变化。【对应练习】用所给单词的适当形式填空。1．SuBingtianisafamous__runner__(run).2．Weneedthreemore__players__(play)foroursoccerteam.3．Let'stake__action__(act)tostoppeoplefromcuttingdowntrees.4．Thankyouforgivingme__advice__(advise).5．Everyyearmany__visitors__(visit)cometoGuangxi.eq\o(\s\up7(),\s\do5(语法综合演练))一、选择填空。(A)1.(2021盐城)Aliceoften________thefunofdoingDIYwithus.Sheissocreative!A．sharesB．providesC．makesD．gives(B)2.(2021山西改编)—To________oureyesight,we'dbetterrelaxforawhileafterreadingforalongtime.—Iagreewithyou.A．harmB．protectC．rememberD．examine(A)3.(2021贵港)—WhatdoyouthinkofJack?—Heishonest.Allofus________him.A．trustB．refuseC．protectD．hate(A)4.(2021丹东)Mother'sDay________usonceeveryyeartobethankfultomothers.A．remindsB．warnsC．requiresD．promises(D)5.(2021襄阳)—Wouldyouplease________whatyousaid?—Sure.Iaskedyoutohavearest.It'stoohottoday.A．showB．spellC．reviewD．repeat(A)6.(2021南京)Thedrama“Yuhuayao”________citizensinNanjingwithachancetolearnandlistentotheParty'shistory.A．providedB．guardedC．comparedD．protected(A)7.(2021乐山改编)TheInternetissocloselyconnectedwithourdailylife.Canyou________alifewithoutit?A.imagineB．expectC．understandD．produce(D)8.(2021武汉)Theofficialnewspaper________thenewsofTiangong1,forittookabigstepforwardintospace.A．heardB．checkedC．believedD．celebrated(A)9.(2021天津)Thegovernmentplansto________morejobsforyoungpeopleinwesternChina.A．createB．avoidC．borrowD．guess(A)10.—CouldyouhelpmeimprovemyEnglishwriting?—Ofcourse.Iwon't________yourrequest.You'remybestfriend.A．turndownB．writedownC．putdownD．takedown(B)11.(2021菏泽改编)—Doyouthinkitnecessaryforteenagerstolearncookingathome?—Sure.Cookingis________animportantpartofeducationinChina.A．preparedforB．regardedasC．comparedwithD．worriedabout(C)12.(2021山西改编)Indailylife,everyoneshould________thelies.Afterall,beinghonestcomesfirst.A．payattentiontoB．getusedtoC．stayawayfromD．takecareof(D)13.(2021鄂州)—WhydoesLindadislikeme?—Idon'tknow.You'llhaveto________thereasonyourself.A．gooutB．bringoutC．comeoutD．findout二、单词拼写。1．Womenusually__spend__(花费)muc