热考主题强化训练(一) 创新引领

热考主题强化训练(一)创新引领(限时30分钟)A(2023·张家口一模)BlynnShidelerarrivedatStanfordwithanaward-winninghealthdevice.Thedeviceaddressesaneedinthecerebralpalsycommunity.Often,kidswithcerebralpalsy—agroupofdisordersthataffectmovement,balance,andposture—needdailysessionswithaphysicaltherapist(治疗专家)tobuildstrengthandimprovemotorskills.StudyingbioengineeringatColumbiaUniversity,Shidelerthoughttheremustbeabetterway.Heworkedwithotherstudentstodesignadevicethatwouldmakeiteasierforthesekidstoperformtheirtherapyexercisesathome,oranywhere.TheresultwasBUDI—theBiofeedbackUpper-limbDeviceforImpairment—abracelet(手环)withsensorsthattrackedmotionandprovidedfeedbackonhowtheuserscouldadjusttheirmovements.BUDIwasnamed“MostOutstandingDesignProjectfromColumbiaBiomedicalEngineering”．AteenagerinOhioreachedoutandsaid,“IhaveCP,sawyourproductandwouldlovetoseeifitworksonme.”ButShidelerhadnobraceletstogivehim.Histeamhadonlybuilttwosamples.So,inspiredbythatmessagefromsomeonehedidn'tknowlivingacrossthecountry，ShidelersetouttoproduceBUDIonalargerscale(规模)．In2021,ShidelergotinvolvedinStanfordSchoolofMedicineandplannedtostartaprogramthatwouldgivechildrenwithcerebralpalsytheopportunitytotrytechnologiesforimprovingmobility.HegotapermissionfromtheFDA'sPediatricDeviceConsortiumtodevelopwearabledevices.ShideleralsoattendedanintroductorysessionforCardinalKit,anopen-sourcedplatformdesignedbyStanfordresearchersforcodingdigitalhealthresearchprojects.“Ilearnedaboutbuildinganappandwhatwecandowiththesensorsonsmartwatchesandphones，”hesaid.“MaybeBUDIcouldbedesignedassoftwareonasmartwatchratherthanbuildingbracelets.”IfkidsanywherecoulddownloadBUDIintheappstore,Shidelerthought,theycouldhavephysicaltherapyondemandontheirwrists.Itwouldgivethemsomeautonomy,helptackleproblemscreatedbyashortageinphysicaltherapists,andreducethestressontheirfamilies.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了布林·希德勒发明的一种为脑瘫患者治疗练习用的可穿戴设备。1．What'sShideler'spurposeofinventingBUDI?A．Tomakeafortune.B．Tohelpwiththerapists'job.C．TogetadmittedtoStanford.D．Tomaketreatmenteasierforsomepatients.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Shidelerthoughttheremustbeabetterway.Heworked...makeiteasierforthesekidstoperformtheirtherapyexercisesathome,oranywhere.”可知，希德勒发明BUDI的目的是让一些病人更容易接受治疗。2．WhatcanbeinferredabouttheteenagerinOhio?A．HewantedtotryBUDI.B．HethoughthighlyofBUDI.C．HevisitedShidelerinperson.D．HejoinedShideler'sresearchteam.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第三段中的“AteenagerinOhioreachedoutandsaid,‘IhaveCP,sawyourproductandwouldlovetoseeifitworksonme.’”可知，他想试试BUDI。3．WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A．ThepopularityofBUDI.B．BUDI'sinfluenceonShideler.C．Shideler'seffortstoproducemoreBUDIs.D．Shideler'sachievementinthemedicalfield.解析：选C段落大意题。根据第四段内容可知，第四段主要讲述了希德勒为生产更多BUDI所做的努力。4．What'sShideler'sexpectationforBUDIinthefuture?A．Itwillhavemorefunctions.B．Itcanbemoreavailableforusers.C．Itcanhelpfamiliespreventcerebralpalsy.D．Itcanberecognizedbyphysicaltherapists.解析：选B推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“IfkidsanywherecoulddownloadBUDIintheappstore...andreducethestressontheirfamilies.”可知，希德勒对BUDI未来的期望是它可以让更多的用户能使用它。错因：本题易误选A。部分考生根据“MaybeBUDIcouldbedesignedassoftwareonasmartwatchratherthanbuildingbracelets.”而误认为Shideler的期望是BUDI将会有更多的功能。分析：选项A属于“片面推断”。根据最后一段可判断BUDI将会有更多的功能，这是毋庸置疑的，但这不是Shideler的期望。本题需要综合最后一段的信息进行推断，应该是让更多的用户受益。对文章信息进行推断时要全面分析所有相关信息，作出合理适度的推断，切忌片面思考或过度推断。[谨防最易错的那一个]B(2023·延安一模)Thereisnothingquitelikeenjoyingthesights,soundsandcultureofacitywhiletastingacupofcoffeeoutdoors.Butitisnotthatenjoyablewhenheatwavessweepthecity.AnoutdoorcoolingsystemproducedbyKinonko,anIsraeli(以色列的)company,begantobetestedinTelAviv.Theswelteringcityisaperfectplacetotrythenewtechnology.Withglobalwarmingheatingupthetemperature,itwillsoonbetoohottositoutsideincafes.Whileoutdoorcoolingsystemshaveexistedforawhile,mostofthemusesomesortofwaterormistingsystemtocooltheairaroundthem,consumingtoomuchwaterandpower.Aftertwoyearsofdevelopment,theperfectsolutiontotheproblemwasfound.“Wehaveinventedanewgenerationofairconditioner,”KinonkoCEOLeizersaid.AsLeizerintroduced,theenergyisfromthepressurecreatedbetweenliquidnitrogen(氮)andgasnitrogen.Whenliquidnitrogenat－196degreesturnsintogas,itproducesaverystrongpressureandthepressureisusedtorunamechanicalengine.Itisthatmechanicalenginethatslowlyreleasesfreezingnitrogengastocooldowntheairaroundit.Thetechnologyisuniqueandamazing.Beyondthecoolnessoftheconcept,italsohasotheradvantages.Theworkunitdoesn'tneedtobepower-driven,anddoesn'tblowoutharmfulwarmairasitworks.Asforthepotentialprice,itwillprobablybenomoreexpensivethananyotherairconditioner.Inaddition,theliquidnitrogencontainerwillneedtobereplacedeveryseventotendays,dependingonusage.Thismakesitanaffordableoptionforallsortsofbusinesses.Thecoolingsystemisexpectedtobeonthemarketin2024.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了开始进入测试阶段的一种室外冷却系统。这项新技术有望在2024年投入市场，使人们在炎热的天气下，能够重享在室外喝咖啡的快乐。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sweltering”meaninParagraph1?A．Warm. B．Dry.C．Hot. D．Freezing.解析：选C词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Butitisnotthatenjoyablewhenheatwavessweepthecity.”可知，这座城市是非常闷热的。由此可知，“Theswelteringcity”指的是这座闷热的城市，画线词sweltering意为“闷热的”。6．Whatproblemdoestheexistingoutdoorcoolingsystemshave?A．Theyarewasteful.B．Theyoverheateasily.C．Theyoftenbreakdown.D．Theyareslowtocooltheair.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Whileoutdoorcoolingsystemshaveexisted...consumingtoomuchwaterandpower.”可知，现在的室外冷却系统消耗过多的水和电力，是比较浪费的。7．WhatdoesParagraph3mainlyexplain?A．Whatpowerstheengine.B．Whatturnsliquidintogas.C．Howthepressureisformed.D．Howthenewsystemworks.解析：选D段落大意题。根据第三段“Whenliquidnitrogen...thepressureisusedtorunamechanicalengine.”可知，该段主要描述了这种新的冷却系统是如何工作的。8．Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A．Topromoteacompany.B．Tosettleanenergycrisis.C．Tointroduceatechnology.D．Tomarketamistingsystem.解析：选C推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中的“AnoutdoorcoolingsystemproducedbyKinonko,anIsraeli(以色列的)company,begantobetestedinTelAviv.”可知，本文的主要目的是向人们介绍一种新的室外冷却技术。C(2023·泰安一模)Howcanpeoplespeaktheirmindwithoutsayinganything?Thisisaquestionthatscientistshaveaimedtoanswerforalongtime.Researchersrecentlybroughtanupgradeddevicethatcantranslateusers'brainwavesintodailyspeech.Previously,theteamledbyEdwardChangattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,developedanAI-basedsystemthatcanidentifyupto50commonlyusedwordsbasedontheparticipant'sbrainwaves.Theparticipantwasaparalyzed(瘫痪的)manwhohadbeenimplantedwith16electrodes(电极)underhisskull.AccordingtotheirpaperpublishedinNovember,theteamupgradedthesystemwhichcannowtranslatethoughtsintocompletesentencesonacomputerscreen.Theirtestsshowedthatthedevicecoulddecodesilentlyspokenlettersfroma1,152-wordvocabularyataspeedofabout29charactersperminute.Theaccuracywasupto94percent.“Itshowsstrongpromiseforrestoringcommunicationbytappingintothebrain'snaturalspeechmachinery，”Changsaidtotheuniversity'snewswebsite.However,thismethodcanstillbeproblematicsinceusersstillneedtoundergosurgery.ScientistsattheUniversityofTexas,US,havetriedtotranslatepeople'sthoughtswithouteventouchingtheirheads,reportedLiveScience.ThenewtechniqueiscalledfMRI,orfunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging(功能性磁共振成像)．It'sasaferwayof“reading”brainactivity.Activebraincellshavemoreoxygen.Bytrackingthesecells,scientistscantranslatebrainactivity.Theteamaskedparticipantstolistento16hoursofradioshowswhilescanningtheirbrains.Thentheyusedacomputeralgorithm(算法)tocreateastorybasedonthefMRIrecording.Itmatchedtheradioshowsprettywell.Also,thealgorithmcouldbasicallyexplainthestoryofasilentmoviethattheparticipantswatched.Theteamaimstodevelopthistechnologysothatitcanbeusedinbrain-computerinterfaces(脑机接口)designedforpeoplewhocannotspeakortype.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款基于人工智能系统的升级设备，研究人员用该设备可以将人类脑电波转换成日常语言。9．WhatdoweknowaboutthedevicementionedinParagraph2?A．Itwasimplantedintoaman'sheart.B．Itcanhelprestorepatients'lostmemory.C．Itwasdevelopedthroughcooperation.D．Itcanidentifyabout50rarelyusedwords.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，该设备是由EdwardChang领导的团队开发出来的，是通过合作发展起来的。10．HowdoesfMRI“read”people'sminds?A．Bytrackingtheiractivebraincells.B．Byputtingelectrodesintotheirbrains.C．Byrecordingtheirreactiontoradioshows.D．Bymatchingtheirbrainactivitywiththeirhabits.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Activebraincellshavemoreoxygen.Bytrackingthesecells,scientistscantranslatebrainactivity.”可知，fMRI是通过追踪活跃的脑细胞去读懂人们的思想的。11．WhyisfMRIchosencomparedtothefirstdevicementionedinthestory?A．It'scheaper. B．It'smoreaccurate.C．It'ssmallerinsize. D．It'ssafer.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第六段中的“ThenewtechniqueiscalledfMRI...asaferwayof‘reading’brainactivity.”可知，该设备比之前的设备更加安全。12．WhatcanbeconcludedaboutfMRIfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Itcanonlyreadwhatparticipantshear.B．Itcanbeusedinbrain-computerinterfaces.C．Itcanreadeverydetailofparticipants'minds.D．Itcannotworkoutwhatpeopleimagineintheirheads.解析：选B推理判断题。根据最后两段内容可知，它可以用于脑机接口。D(2023·杭州二模)ChatGPT,designedbyOpenAItocarryonconversationsjustlikehumans,hasbecomeaviralexcitement.TheAI-poweredtoolwentfromzerotoamillionusersinjustfivedays!Itsabilitytoprovidein-depthanswerstousers'questionshasevendrawntheattentionofdistinguishedtechnologycompanies.Theintelligentrobotunderstandswhattheusersaysortypesandthenrespondsinawaythatmakessense.ItsvastbodyofknowledgehasbeengatheredfromtheInternetandarchivedbooks.Itisfurthertrainedbyhumans.ThismakesChatGPTausefultoolforresearchingalmostanytopic.“WehavealotofinformationontheInternet,butyounormallyhavetoGoogleit,thenreaditandthendosomethingwithit，”saysRicardo,chiefscienceofficerandco-founderofAIcompany,Erudit.“Nowyou'llhavethisresourcethatcanprocessthewholeInternetandalloftheinformationitcontainsforyoutoansweryourquestion.”ChatGPTcannotthinkonitsown.Itdependsontheinformationthatithasbeentrainedon.Asaresult,theAItoolworkswellforthingsthathaveaccuratedataavailable.However,whenunsure,ChatGPTcangetcreativeandflowoutincorrectresponses.OpenAIcautionsuserstochecktheinformationnomatterhowlogicalitsounds.Also,ChatGPThasonlybeentrainedwithinformation.Hence,itcannotberelieduponforanythingthathappenedafterthat.ExpertsbelieveChatGPThaslimitlesspotentialtosolvereal-worldproblems.Itcantranslatelongtextsintodifferentlanguages,createcontentonalmostanytopic,andevensummarizebooks.However,ChatGPThasreceivedmixedreactionsfromeducators.Somebelieveitcouldserveasavaluabletooltohelpbuildliteracyskillsintheclassroom.Itcouldalsobeusedtoteachstudentsdifficultscienceormathconcepts.ButothereducatorsthinkChatGPTwillencouragestudentstocheat.Theyfearthiswillpreventthemfrombuildingcriticalthinkingandproblem-solvingskills.Asaresult,manydistrictsarestartingtobanitsuseinschools.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能ChatGPT，包括其特点、存在的问题以及人们对ChatGPT的看法。13．WhatistheuniquefeatureofChatGPT?A．Ithasartificialintelligence.B．Itcananswerusers'questions.C．Ithasthelargestnumberofusers.D．Itcanengageinmeaningfulconversations.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句以及第二段中的“Theintelligentrobotunderstandswhattheusersaysortypesandthenrespondsinawaythatmakess