新教材2023年高中英语Unit2MoralsandVirtuesSectionⅠListeningandSpeakingReadingandThinking学案新人教版必修第三册

UNIT2MORALSANDVIRTUES单元核心素养单元话题导读TipstoPractiseGratitudeGratitudeisnotonlyanartperformedindailylife,butalsopartofourtraditionalvirtue.Showinggratitudehasbeenputforwardinthelastfewdecades.Whilesuchencouragementismorallymeaningful,itseemstobealittleabstract.Buttherearestillsometipsthathelpmakeitpossibleforyoutopracticegratitude.Refusingtoplaythevictimisthefirststepyou’resupposedtotake.Ungratefulpersonsarealwaysblamingtheworldfortheproblemsandowingallthefaultstoothers.Ifyouwanttobegrateful,stopcomplainingtheworld,yourteachers,yourfriendsandyourfamilyaboutnotputtingthemselvesinyourshoes,andfocusonhowmuchthey’vehelpedandcaredaboutyou.Doingarandomactofkindnessisagreatwayofpracticinggratitude.Youshouldn’talwaysbegoodonlytoyourclosefriendsorfamilymembers.Youcanhelpaneighborlookforalostdog.Youcanalsohelpanoldladycarryhergrocery.Youdon’thavetosearchfortheseopportunitiespurposely.Sometimestheywillpresentthemselves.Sowhentheycome,actwithgenerosity.You’llbemoregratefulforyourroleplayedintheworld.SectionⅠListeningandSpeaking，ReadingandThinking课前自主预习Ⅰ．重点单词1．__moral__adj.道德的；道义上的n．品行；道德；寓意2．__virtue__n．高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质3．__illustrate__vt.(举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文意)加插图→__illustration__n．图表，插图；图解；图示4．__precious__adj.珍稀的；宝贵的5．__marriage__n．结婚；婚姻→__marry__v.结婚，娶，嫁→__married__adj.已婚的6．__majority__n．大部分；大多数→__major__adj.主要的；多数的vi.主修→__minority__n．少数民族；少数7．__complain__vi.&vt.抱怨；发牢骚→__complaint__n．抱怨；牢骚；投诉8．__fee__n．专业服务费；报酬9．__respond__vt.回答；回复vi.做出反应；回应→__response__n．反应；回答；回复10．__union__n．协会；联合会；工会11．__scholarship__n．奖学金12．__hire__vt.聘任；雇用；租用n．租借；租用13．__physician__n．医师；(尤指)内科医生→__physicist__n．物理学家→__physical__adj.身体的；物理的→__physics__n．物理学14．__colleague__n．同事；同僚15．__reject__vt.拒绝接受；不录用→__rejection__n．拒绝接受；否决16．__appoint__vt.任命；委派→__appointment__n．任命，委派17．__clinic__n．诊所；门诊部→__clinical__adj.临床的；临床诊断的18．__faraway__adj.遥远的19．__elect__vt.选举；推选→__election__n．选举；推选；当选→__elector__n．选举人20．__decade__n．十年；十年期21．__elsewhere__adv.在别处；去别处22．__tend__vt.照顾；照料vi.倾向；趋于→__tendency__n．趋势；倾向23．__publish__vt.发表(作品)；出版→__publisher__n．出版人(或机构)24．__staff__n．员工；全体职员25．__retire__vi.&vt.退休；退职；退出→__retirement__n．退休→__retired__adj.退休的26．__saving__n．节省物；节省；节约；[pl.]储蓄金；存款27．__kindergarten__n．学前班；幼儿园28．__principle__n．道德原则；法则；原则29．__passive__adj.被动的；顺从的30．__scare__vt.惊吓；使害怕vi.受惊吓→__scared__adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→__scary__adj.引起恐慌的31．__sharp__adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的→__sharpen__v．使变锋利32．__insurance__n．保险；保险业33．__energetic__adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的→__energy__n．精力；力量；能源34．__replace__vt.接替；取代；更换→__replacement__n．替换；更换；替代品；替换Ⅱ．重点短语1．carrysb.__through__sth.帮助某人渡过难关2．tendto__do__sth.易于做某事；往往会发生某事3．get__in__trouble陷入困境；遇到麻烦4．not__only__…butalso…不仅……而且……5．befamous__for__因……而闻名6．beaffected__by__被……影响/感动7．instead__of__代替；而不是8．wouldrather__do__sth.宁愿做某事9．graduate__from__从……毕业10．because__of__因为；由于11．__in__needof需要12．care__for__照看；喜欢13．beresponsible__for__对……负责14．treat…__as__…把……当作15．beknown__as__…作为……而闻名；被称为16．__of__one’sown属于某人自己的17．bereadyto__do__sth.乐意干某事18．not…__any__more不再……Ⅲ．重点句型1．Toaperson__nothingismorepreciousthantheirlife__．..对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更珍贵了……2．Sheresponded，“I’d__ratherstay__singletostudyallmylife！”她回答说：“我宁愿保持单身，终生学习！”3．Sheimmediatelybecamethefirstwomanever__tobehired__asaresidentphysicianintheOB-GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital.她立即成为第一个被聘为PUMC医院妇产科住院医师的女性。4．Attimesshe__was__even__seenriding__adonkeytofarawayvillagestoprovidemedicalcare.有时人们甚至会看到她骑着毛驴到遥远的村庄给人看病。5．ThoughLinQiaozhinevermarried，shewasknownasthe“motheroftenthousandbabies”，__havingdelivered__over50，000babiesinherlifetime.虽然林巧稚从未结婚，她却被称为“一万个孩子的妈妈”，一生中接生了5万多个孩子。Ⅳ．课文预读1．LinQiaozhi’sbrotherwantedherto__C__．A．studymedicineandhelppoorpeopleB．staysingleallherlifeC．followthetraditionalwayofmarriagelikeothergirlsD．studyhardandholdanimportantposition2．Whywasshecalledthe“motheroftenthousandbabies”？__C__A．Becauseshehasmanybabies.B．Becausesheadoptedtenthousandbabies.C．Becauseshedeliveredmanybabies.D．Becauseshelikedbabies.3．Accordingtothepassage，whatkindofpersondoyouthinkDrLinwas？__A__A．Responsibleandpatient. B．Strictandselfish.C．Outgoingandamazing. D．Moodyandserious.4．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout？__D__A．DrLinwasdifferentfromotherwomen.B．DrLinwashiredasaresidentphysician.C．It’shardforDrLintomakethechoice.D．DrLinmadegreatcontributionstoChinesemedicalindustry.5．WhichisthecorrectorderoftheeventsinDrLin’slife？__B__①Hermotherdied.②ShewassenttoEuropetostudy.③ShewaselectedtothefirstNationalPeople’sCongress.④Shewasnamedachiefresidentphysician.⑤Sheopenedaprivateclinic.A．①③②④⑤ B．①④②⑤③C．②①④③⑤ D．④②③①⑤课内要点探究重点单词1．majorityn．大部分；大多数eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句WhenIhaveadifferentopinion,Ialwaysrespecttheopinionofthemajority.当我有不同观点时，我总是尊重多数人的观点。Themajorityofthestudentsholdtheviewthatit’sconvenienttogotoschoolbyelectricbike.大多数学生持有以下观点：骑电动车上学很方便。Afterall,thosewhoareagainsttheprojectareinthemajority.毕竟，反对这个项目的人占多数。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展(1)beinthe/amajority占多数a/themajorityof……的大多数(2)majorv．主修(majorin…主修……)adj.主要的n．主修课程(3)minoradj.次要的(4)minorityn．少数a/theminorityof少数的beinthe/aminority占少数eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(M))名师点津themajority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数或复数均可。“themajorityof＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。“themajorityof＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①The__majority__(major)ofthecitizensinthatregionhavebeenaffectedbythedust.②InBritainwomenare__in__themajority.③Anagreementseemstobeimpossiblebecausethemajorityofthecommitteemembers__are__(be)againstit.④TomandIhavesomethingincommon:webothmajor__in__engineering.完成句子⑤Brieflyspeaking,smokingis__oneofthemajorcauses__(主要原因之一)ofcancer.⑥(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷七选五)Someindividualsarebornwithagiftforpublicspeaking.However，__themajorityofpeople__(大多数人)areeffectivespeakersbecausetheytraintobe.⑦Infact，heinspiresmeto__majorin__(主修)Englishincollege，tobeabridgebetweenChinaandtheworld.2．complainvi.&vt.抱怨；发牢骚eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句I’mgoingtocomplaintothemanageraboutthis.我要就这件事向经理投诉。Weshouldstrictlyfollowtrafficrulesratherthancomplainabouttrafficjams.我们应该严格遵守交通规则，而不是抱怨交通堵塞。BettycomplainedtoStevethatSaranevergaveherachancetotalkatyesterday’smeeting.贝蒂向史蒂夫抱怨说在昨天的会上萨拉从不给她说话的机会。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展(1)complainabout…抱怨……complain(tosb.)that…(向某人)抱怨……complaintosb.aboutsth.向某人抱怨某事(2)complaintn．抱怨makeacomplainttosb.aboutsth.向某人抱怨某事afloodofcomplaints大量的投诉eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(W))误区警示complain的后面不能直接跟sb.作宾语，须加介词to。类似的词还有explain(解释，说明)，announce(宣告)，suggest(建议)等。Iexplainedthesituationtomybankmanager.我向我的银行经理说明了情况。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①(2018·天津卷阅读)Thestudentsbegan__complaining__(complain)abouthowcolditwouldbe.②Neighbourscomplained__to__thepoliceaboutthedogsbarking.完成句子③I’dliketo__makeacomplaint__aboutthenoise.我想就噪音问题提出投诉。④Oneoftheirneighborshadwrittento__complainabout__thesoundofthepiano.他们的一个邻居写信投诉钢琴的声音。⑤(江西卷单选)Motheralways__complainsthat__childrenwearouttheirshoesveryquickly.妈妈总是抱怨孩子们很快就把鞋子穿坏了。3．respondvt.回答；回复vi.做出反应；回应eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Sherespondedtomyletterwithaphonecall.她收到我的信后给我回了个电话。Whenaskedaboutthecompany’sfuture,thedirectorrespondedthatheremainedoptimistic.当被问到公司的未来的时候，经理回答说他依然乐观。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展(1)respondto…(withsth.)回答，回复；对……做出反应respondthat…回答说……(2)responsen．反应；回答；回复inresponseto…作为对……的答复/反应makearesponse(to…)(对……)做出回应/反应eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(Y))易混辨析respond,answer,replyrespond为不及物动词，指对他人的期望等做出适当的回应，是最正式的用词answer为及物动词，指用文字、语言或行动回答，是最普通的用词reply为不及物动词，与answer用法基本相同，但稍正式一些Iaskedhimhisname,buthedidn’trespond.我问他叫什么名字，可他没回答。Heansweredthathedidgotherelastnight.他回答说昨天晚上他的确去过那儿。It’syourturnnowtoreplytothesecharges.现在该轮到你对这些指控进行答辩了。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①(2022·河北邢台期末)Devices(设备)thatcanrecognizeandrespond__to__ahumanvoicehavebeendeveloped.②(2018·北京改编)Noteveryoneactsthesameinresponse__to__events,andthatiswhywhattriggers(引起)onepersonmayormaynottriggeranother.③Ifyoudonotunderstandthequestionaskedatasecuritycheckpoint(安检员),askthepersontorepeathisquestionuntilyouareabletorespond__with__anaccurateanswer.④Afterall,knowingbasicfirst-aidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquickly__to__emergencies.⑤Hemadeno__response__(respond)tomyquestion,andwentonwithhismovie.⑥Wecomplainedtothetravelagencyabouttheterribleserviceduringourtrip,butnoone__hasresponded__(respond)bynow.完成句子⑦Howdidthey__respondto__(对……做出反应)thenews?⑧He__madenoresponseto/didn’trespondto__(没有回复)mycongratulationletter.4．appointvt.任命；委派eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Shewasappointed(as/tobe)monitorattheclassmeeting.在班会上她被任命为班长。Shehasrecentlybeenappointedtothecommittee.她最近被任命为委员会的委员。Theyappointedhertotakecareofthatoldman.他们派她去照顾那位老人。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展(1)appointsb.(as/tobe)＋职位某人担任……职位appointsb.todosth.委派某人做某事(2)appointmentn．任命；委派；约定make/haveanappointmentwithsb.与某人有约keep/breakanappointment守约/违约byappointment按照约定(3)appointedadj.约定的；指定的eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①Samon，disabled，isattendedthroughouthisschooldaysbyanurse__appointed__(appoint)toguardhim.②Ihatetorushyou，butIhaveanother__appointment__(appoint)．③Tohisjoy,he__wasappointed__(appoint)asmanager.Afterall，thisrepresentedhisability.Andthemomenthereceivedthe__appointment__(appoint)letter,hecalledandmadean__appointment__(appoint)withhisformerteacher，forwhosehelphewasgrateful.④Theagriculturalexpertcanonlybevisited__by__appointment.完成句子⑤Theboardofdirectors__appointedhimtobeasmanager__(任命他为经理)．⑥Innocaseshouldwefailto__keepanappointment__(守约)．5．retirevi.&vt.退休；退职；退出；离开(尤指去僻静处)eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Mostpeopleretireat60.大多数人在60岁时退休。Shewasforcedtoretireearlyfromteachingbecauseofillhealth.由于身体不好她被迫早早地从教学岗位上退了下来。Afterlunch,heretiredtohisstudy.午饭后他去了书房。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展(1)retiringadj.将要退休的(2)retiredadj.已退职的；已退休的(3)retirementn．退休；退职retire…from…从……退休retire…as…从……职位上退休retirefromeq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(office退职,service退役,theworld脱离社会))aretiredteacher退休教师takeearlyretirement提前退休retirementage退休年龄alongandhappyretirement长久幸福的退休生活resignvt.&vi.辞职；听任resignfrom辞职resignto托付给；听任eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①(2019·北京卷完形)A__retired__(retire)engineer，76-year-oldWilsonhasbeenofferingfreeridestocollegestudentsforthepasteightyears.②Atage68,heretired__from__thepostoffice，butheneverstoppedservingthecommunity.③Mysoccercoach__retired__(retire)lastweek.Iwantedtodosomethingspecialforhimathis__retirement__(retire)party.④Afterhe__retired__(retire)fromoffice,Tomtookuppaintingforawhile,butsoonlostinterest.⑤(2022·浙江卷完形)Burdeyney，atrainednursewhoisstillworkingasapersonaltrainerafter__retirement__(retire)．⑥Hehasagreedtostruggleon,thoughhehopestoretire__from__hisposition.⑦Theywillholdapartyincelebrationofher__retirement__(retire)．⑧Theotherdaya__retired__(retire)couplecametomyoffice.6．scarevt.惊吓；使害怕vi.受惊吓eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Theterriblesoundsscaredthechildren.可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了。Hedoesn’tscareeasily.他不轻易害怕。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展(1)scaresb.todeath把某人吓得要死scaresb.away/off把某人吓跑scaresb.into/outof(doing)sth.吓得某人做/不敢做某事Itscaressb.todosth.使某人害怕去做某事。(2)scaredadj.害怕的，担心的(近义词：afraid/frightened)bescaredof…害怕/担心……bescaredtodeath吓得要死bescaredofdoingsth./todosth.害怕做某事bescaredthat…害怕(3)scaryadj.恐怖的；吓人的Wewerescaredtodeathwhenthefirebrokeout.Fortunately,itwasputoutbeforeitcausedmuchdamage.突如其来的大火把我们吓得要死，幸好它被扑灭了，没有造成很大损失。Shewasscaredtogooutaloneatnightbecauseshewasscaredofbeingbittenbythesnake.她害怕晚上独自外出因为她害怕被那条蛇咬到。Shedidn’tlikeridingbecauseshewasscaredthatthehorsemightkickher.她不喜欢骑马因为她害怕马会踢她。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①Iwastoo__scared__(scare)tomove.②Thechildwasscared__of__thefiercelookingdog.③(2019·全国Ⅱ卷完形)JeffhadhuntedinIowabeforeThanksgivingwithhisdog，Rosie，butthegunshots__hadscared__(scare)thedogoff.④(2017·北京卷阅读)“Itwas__scary__(scare)．Iknewitwasthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath，”saysTaylor.完成句子⑤Manycustomershavebeen__scaredintobuying__(被吓得买)organicfood.⑥Thelocalfarmersusedtolightafire__toscareaway/off__(吓跑)thewolves.⑦Shewas__scaredtogointo__(害怕进入)theyardbecauseshewas__scaredofbeingbitten__(害怕被咬)bythebigdoglyingatthegate.7．sharpadj.(增长，下跌等)急剧的；敏锐的；急转的；锋利的；明显的adv.(用于时间后表示准时)(……点)整，准确地；正好地eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Therewasasharpincreaseinunemploymentinthatarealastyear.去年那个地区的失业人数急剧上升。IsuddenlyfeltasharppaininmychestwhileIwasatwork.工作时我突然感到胸口一阵剧痛。Therearebirds,likethemountaineagles,whicheatmeatwiththeirstrongsharpbeaks.有些像山鹰一样的鸟，用它们强有力的尖喙吃肉。Weheardavoicesingoutinaclear,sharptone.我们听到了一阵清脆嘹亮的歌声。Heisajournalistwithanextremelysharpmind.他是个头脑极其敏锐的新闻记者。Becarefulwiththesharpbendintheroad.小心路上的急转弯。Sheplannedtounlocktheshopat8∶00sharpthismorning.她计划今早8点整打开店门。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展asharpdropintheprices价格暴跌asharpknife一把锋利的刀asharpcontrast鲜明的对比sharpeyes敏锐的视力asharptongue说话刻薄besharpwith…对……说话刻薄asharpsenseofhumour很强的幽默感asuddensharppain突然的剧痛asharpbend急拐弯Beatmyhomeatsixo’clocksharp,notasecondbeforeorafter.6点钟准时到我家，不能早一秒，也不能迟一秒。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(C))词语积累(1)sharplyadv.急剧地，大幅度地；严厉地，毫不客气地fallsharply急剧下降(2)sharpenvt.(使)变得锋利eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练写出下列句中sharp的含义①Unfortunately,Icutmyfootonasharpstoneandcaughtmyhaironabranch.__尖的__②Asweallknow，aneaglehassharpeyesight.__敏锐的__③Suddenly，hefeltasharppaininthestomach.__剧烈的__④Hefaintedwhenridingtowork.Thebikemadeasharpturntotheleft.__急转的__单句语法填空⑤Hewassharp__with__hiscolleagueswhentheywerelate.⑥Thepriceofpetrolhasrisen__sharply__(sharp)sincelastmonth.⑦Thepencildoesn’twritewell；Ishould__sharpen__(sharp)itbeforeIdrawthegreatfigure.重点短语1．beeagertodosth.渴望做某事eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Allthestudentsinherclassareeagertolearn.她班上的学生都渴望学习。Ourcompanyiseagertoexpandintonewmarkets.我们公司急欲开辟新的市场。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展(1)beeagerforsth.渴求某事物beeagerin热衷于(2)eagerlyadv.急切地；渴望地；热心地lookatsb.eagerly急切地看着某人(3)eagernessn．渴望；热心witheagerness急切地eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①Facedwiththegoodchance,theyareeager__totake__(take)advantageofit.②Theywerecrowdedinthechurch,eager__for__anynews.③Sheiseager__todress__(dress)upfortheceremony.④His__eagerness__(eager)tofindajobiscleartoeveryone.⑤Thechildren__eagerly__(eager)learnsomethingnewfromtheteachereveryday.⑥Thelittlegirl,whoishelpedbytheProjectHope,iseager__for__knowledgeandeager__tomake__(make)progress,sosheiseager__in__herstudyandisalwayspraisedbyherteachers.2．befacedwith面临；面对eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Wearefacedwithaseriousproblem.我们面临着一个严重的问题。Shewasfacedwithanewjob,inunfamiliarsurroundingswithstrangepeople.她面对着一份全新工作，周围是陌生的环境和陌生的人。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展inthefaceofsth.面对(问题、困难等)facetoface面对面地loseface丢脸，失面子saveface保全面子makefaces/aface做鬼脸facethemusic勇于承担后果；接受惩罚facethesea面朝大海facenorth/east朝北/朝东lookintheface正视(某人)Let’sfaceit！面对现实吧！eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(W))误区警示befacedwith不表示被动意义，仅表示主语的一种状态。作状语、定语或补语时，要用过去分词短语facedwith。现在分词facing作状语时，表示“面对，面临”，其后直接跟宾语，不与介词with连用。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①Tohisjoy,theproblemhewasfaced__with__wasnotsochallenging.②__Faced__(face)withthesepressures,youcanwatchacomedytorelax.解析：可根据face后有无with判断face是否用-ed形式。③__Facing__(face)arangeofchoices,hewasataloss.④Theydidn’tgiveup__in__thefaceofdifficulties.⑤EversincethenI’vebeenlongingtomeethimface__to__face.完成句子⑥(全国卷写作)Highschoolstudents__arefacedwith__achoicebetweenartsandscience.高中生面临着文理科的选择。⑦(2020·江苏卷单选)IfI__hadn’tbeenfacedwith__somanybarriers，Iwouldn’tbewhereIam.如果我没有面对那么多的障碍，就不会有今天的我(我现在就不会在这个位置上)。⑧TherewasatimewhenIwasupsetaboutsomesmallthingsandmyfriendknewwhatIwentthroughandtalkedwithme__facetoface__．我有一段时间对一些琐事感到苦恼，我的朋友知道了我的遭遇，面对面地跟我谈心。一句多译⑨面对这一重大变化，大家都深受鼓舞。__Inthefaceof/Facedwith/Facing__thesignificantchange,everyonefeltgreatlyencouraged.3．carrysb.throughsth.帮助某人渡过难关eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Hewastheonlypersonwhocouldcarrythecountrythrough.他是唯一能使国家安然渡过困境之人。It’sadifficultjobbutshe’sthepersontocarryitthrough.这是一项艰巨的工作，但她这个人是能够顺利完成的。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展carrysth.through成功完成，顺利完成carryout实施；履行；执行carryon继续移动carryonsth.从事某事carryondoingsth.继续做某事carryonwithsth.(carrysth.on)继续做某事carryaway运走carryoff赢得；获得；成功对付carryweight有影响力；重要；有分量eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①Hisdeterminationcarriedhim__through__thehardtime.②I’dbegratefulifyouletmecarryon__with__myjob.③Carry__on__untilyougettothecrossing，andyouwillseeashopwhereyoucanbuyenvelopes.④Ifyoucarryon__spending__(spend)moneylikethat,youwillendupindebt.完成句子⑤Wearedeterminedto__carrythrough__(完成)allourplans.⑥Inspiteofthedifficulty,Iwill__carryoutmyplan__(实施我的计划)．4．beresponsiblefor对……负责；作为原因，成为起因eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(D))典型例句Mikeisresponsiblefordesigningtheentireproject.迈克负责设计全部工程。Cigarettesmokingisresponsibleforabout90%ofdeathsfromlungcancer.因患肺癌而死亡的人，大约90%是吸烟所致。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展responsibilityn．责任；负责astrongsenseofresponsibility很强的责任感haveresponsibilityfor负责takeresponsibilityfor…对……负责It’ssb’sresponsibilitytodosth.干某事是某人的职责。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①Whoisresponsible__for__thetrafficaccidentthathappenedyesterday?②Humanactivityisnotresponsible__for__allwatershortages.完成句子③Weneedto__takeresponsibilityfor__lookingafterourownhealth.我们必须对自己的健康负责。④Eachmanager__hasresponsibilityfor__justunder600properties.每位经理负责近600处房产。重点句型1．Toapersonnothingismorepreciousthantheirlife…对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更珍贵了……(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句，主语是nothing，is是系动词，precious是表语。(2)“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级意义该结构的具体用法如下：①构成：否定词＋形容词或副词的比较级，有时其后加than②常用的否定词：nothing，no，not，never，nobody③含义：没有比……更……，再……不过了—Whatdoyouthinkofthefilmlastnight?——你觉得昨晚的电影怎么样？—Itcouldn’tbeworse.——没有比它更糟糕的了。Nothingismorepreciousthantime.没有什么比时间更宝贵。Inmyopinion,noexperienceismorevaluablethantheexperiencegainedfromone’sownsweat.在我看来，没有什么经验比自己通过艰苦努力得来的经验更宝贵。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展比较级形式表达最高级含义的其他结构：比较级＋than＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(anyother＋可数名词单数,anyoftheother＋可数名词复数,anyoftheothers,anyone/anythingelse,alltheother＋可数名词复数,alltheothers))eq\a\vs4\al(比其他……,都……)他比他们班上其他任何同学都要高。Heistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.Heistallerthananyoneelseinhisclass.Heistallerthanalltheotherstudentsinhisclass.Nooneinhisclassistallerthanhe.eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(W))误区警示上面的other，others，else是学习中很容易忽略的地方，稍不注意就容易出错。有一个原则是必须遵守的，即同一范围内的比较，比较的对象不能相互包含，需要排除主语本身。Heisclevererthananyotherstudentinhisclass.他比他班里任何别的学生都聪明。(如果没有other，句子就错了，因为“他”也是班里学生中的一员)eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①—Howisyournewbabysitter?—Wecouldn’tfinda__better__(good)one.Allourkidslovehersomuch.②(四川高考单项填空改编)—HowwasyourrecenttriptoSichuan.—I’veneverhada__morepleasant__(pleasant)onebefore.③Asweknow,Tokyois__larger__(large)thananyother__city__(city)inJapan.翻译句子④(2022·广东深圳期中)Hownicethemusicsounds!Ihaveneverheardabetterpiece.__这音乐听起来多好听啊！我从未听过比这更好的曲子。__⑤NothinggivesmemorepleasurethanlisteningtoMozart.__再没有比听莫扎特的乐曲更让我高兴的事了。__句型转换Heisthemosthelpfulstudentinhisclass.⑥Youcan’tfind__amorehelpful__studentinhisclass.⑦Heismorehelpfulthan__anyother__studentinhisclass.⑧Heismorehelpfulthan__alltheother__studentsinhisclass.2．Sheresponded，“I’dratherstaysingletostudyallmylife！”她回答说：“我宁愿保持单身，终生学习！”(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是Sheresponded，后面的直接引语充当宾语从句。(2)wouldrather意为“宁愿；宁可；还是……为好”。IsaidIcouldn’tstanditoneminutelonger.Iwouldratherbeinprison!我说了我一分钟也忍受不了了，我宁愿待在监狱里！eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(S))思维拓展(1)wouldratherdo…thando…宁愿做……而不愿做……＝woulddo…ratherthando…＝prefertodo…ratherthando…(2)wouldrather(not)do/havedone…宁愿(不)做……(3)wouldrather＋从句I’drathernotgoclimbingthisweekend.Also,I’dratheryoustayedhomeandreadnovelswithme.这周末我不愿意去爬山。而且，我想让你和我一起待在家中看小说。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(W))误区警示wouldrather后接从句时，若表示与现在或将来情况相反，从句用一般过去时；若表示与过去情况相反，从句用过去完成时。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①Shewouldrather__move__(move)toanothercityimmediately.②Janewouldrather__havebeen__(be)morecarefulatthattime.③I’dratheryou__met__(meet)herattheairporttomorrowmorning.④Hecomplainedthathe’dratherhe__hadbeen__(be)morestrictwithusthen.⑤Tomwouldratherliveanindependentlife__than__relyonhisparents.完成句子⑥Iwouldwalkthedogaftersupper__ratherthan__(而不是)athome.⑦__Ratherthan__(而不是)takeabustoschool,Iprefertogoonfoot.句型转换⑧I’dratherhaveatrythanwaitdoingnothing.→I__would__haveatryratherthanwaitdoingnothing.⑨Iwouldratherhavehiredhimasmysecretarylastyear.→IwouldratherI__hadhired__himasmysecretarylastyear.3．SheimmediatelybecamethefirstwomanevertobehiredasaresidentphysicianintheOB-GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital.她立即成为第一个被聘为PUMC医院妇产科住院医师的女性。(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。主语是She，became是系动词，thefirstwoman是表语，不定式tobehired作后置定语，修饰woman。LiMingisoftenthefirststudenttoarriveatschoolinthemorning.李明经常是早晨第一个到校的学生。(2)不定式(短语)作后置定语的情况：①被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时；②不定代词something，nothing，little等后常用不定式作定语；③抽象名词time，way，reason，chance，ability，courage，opportunity，wish等后常用不定式作定语；④被修饰词前有theonly，thevery，thenext等词对其进行修饰时；⑤表示将要发生的动作时(既有主动形式，又有被动形式)；⑥therebe句型中，作主语的名词后可接不定式作定语。ThenexttraintoarriveisfromBeijing.下一趟到达的火车来自北京。Gethimsomethingtoeat.给他拿点东西吃。Ihavenocouragetotryagainafterfailure.失败后我没有勇气再去尝试一次。Sheistheonlywomantohavebeenelectedtosuchapost.她是唯一一位当选这个职位的女性。Thereisnothingtoworryabout.没什么可担心的。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①XuHaifengisthefirstChineseathlete__toget__(get)Olympicgoldmedal.②Shewasthefirstgirlinourschool__tobeadmitted__(admit)toTsinghuaUniversity.一句多译她总是第一个回答问题。③Sheisalwaysthefirst__toanswerquestions__．(用不定式作定语)④Sheisalwaysthefirst__whoanswersquestions__．(定语从句)4．Attimesshewasevenseenridingadonkeytofarawayvillagestoprovidemedicalcare.有时人们甚至会看到她骑着毛驴到遥远的村庄给人看病。(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。she是主语，wasseen是谓语，ridingadonkey是动词-ing形式作主语补足语。(2)“感官动词＋宾语＋宾补”结构：常见的感官动词有listen,watch,look,observe,see,notice,hear,feel等。“感官动词＋宾语＋宾补”结构的常见形式：感官动词＋,宾语＋)eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(do（表示动作发生的全过程，在被动语态,中，省掉的to要还原）,doing（表示动作正在进行或一直发生）,done（表示动作已经完成）))Hewasseentoworkinthegardenyesterday.昨天有人看见他在花园里干活了。Iheardsomeoneopeningthecabinet.我听见有人在开柜子。Sheiswatchingthecomputerbeingrepaired.她在看别人修电脑。Wefeltthegroundunderourfeetcavein.我们感觉脚下的土地下陷了。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①Ilookedupandsawabeautifulbird__standing__(stand)onabranch.②Themanagerwassatisfiedtoseemanypotsofgoodquality__made__(make)aftergreateffort.③Hiscolleaguewasseen__entering__(enter)thebuildingatthatmoment.④Isawtheoldman__disappear__(disappear)inthedistance.⑤Theoldmanwasseen__todisappear__(disappear)inthedistance.⑥Thechildrennoticedthethief__taken__(take)awaybyagroupofpolicemen.⑦(2020·新课标Ⅲ卷语法填空)Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds__surrounding__(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.⑧(2020·新课标Ⅱ卷语法填空)Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes__decorated__(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.完成句子⑨__Seeingthesunrising__(看见太阳升起)abovethesurfaceofthesea,weletoutashoutofjoy.⑩Whenhe__sawallhispaperslying__(看见所有的文件散落)hereandthereonthefloor,hebegantogetangry.5．ThoughLinQiaozhinevermarried，shewasknownasthe“motheroftenthousandbabies”，havingdeliveredover50，000babiesinherlifetime.虽然林巧稚从未结婚，她却被称为“一万个孩子的妈妈”，一生中接生了5万多个孩子。(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是shewasknownasthe“motheroftenthousandbabies”，前面是though引导的让步状语从句。havingdelivered…是动词-ing形式的完成形式，在句中作状语。(2)动词-ing形式的完成式主要表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作，常用作状语，一般不能作后置定语，但可作非限制性的后置定语。Thisquestion,havingbeendiscussedformorethan2years,hasnowbeensolved.讨论了两年多的这个问题现在已经解决了。(定语)Iwasunabletoacceptyourinvitation,havingpromisedtoaccompanymymothertotheconcert.我因已答应陪我母亲去音乐会而不能接受你的邀请。(原因状语)Havingfinishedtheletter,hefoldeditandputitintotheenvelope.写完信后，他把信折起来装进了信封。(时间状语)eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(J))即学即练单句语法填空①__Havingseen__(see)thefilmtwice，Idecidedtostayathome.②__Havinganswered__(answer)theteacher’squestions，shesatdownandfeltmuchmorerelaxed.随堂达标验收Ⅰ．单词拼写1．Caringfortheelderlyisatraditional__virtue__(美德)，whichwillcontributetoaharmonioussociety.2．Infact,manybigcompaniesinourcityarehopingto__hire__(雇用)peoplelikeyou.3．So__precious__(宝贵)istimethatwecan’taffordtowasteit.4．School__staff__(职员)andstudentscanenjoyreadingonthesecondandthethirdfloors.5．__Kindergartens__(幼儿园)andprimaryschoolsshoulddomoretoteachthekidstoberesponsiblecitizens.6．Asweallknow,respectingparentsisoneofChina’straditional__moral__(道德)values.7．Usuallypopularsciencebooksexplainbasic__principles__(原则)ofnatureinasimpleandinterestingway.8．Youcanapplyfor__scholarships__(奖学金)oftheuniversitywhereyoustudy.9．Thatwillgiveustimetosellit__elsewhere__(在别处)ifyouarenotinterested.10．Inagood__marriage__(结婚)，bothhusbandandwifeworkhardtosolveanyproblems.Ⅱ．选词填空themajorityof,appoint…as,complainabout,holdanelection,beentrustedwith,bescaredof,replace…with,beresponsiblefor,carry…through,respondto1．Itwasthestaff’scouragethat__carried__them__through__．2．Youdidn’tpayattentiontothefactthathewastooyoungto__beentrustedwith__suchatask.3．__Themajorityof__peopleattendingtheweddingaredressedinfancystyles.4．Thewriterrepresentstheyoungmanasonewhoisalways__complainingabout__thefailuresandtroubleso