ISO-3834-2-焊接质量管理手册

LOGO焊接质量管理手册WeldingQualityManagementManual编号No：1/0页码Page:XXXXXX有限公司xxXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXNCO.,LTD焊接质量管理手册WELDINGQUALITYMANAGEMENTMANUAL文件编号DocumentNo:ZT/SC-HJ-20161/0编制/日期Preparedby：审核/日期Reviewedby：批准/日期Approvedby：目录Content公司简介CompanyProfile颁布令Statement焊接质量管理手册说明WeldingQualityManagementManualExplanation焊接管理体系组织机构图WeldingManagementSystemOrganizationchart焊接责任人员任命书WeldingCoordinatorAppointment焊接管理体系职责分配表Weldingmanagementsystemresponsibilityassignmenttable要求评审和技术评审ReviewofRequirementsandtechnicalreview8.分承包Sub-contracting9.焊接人员WeldingPersonnel10.试验及检验人员InspectionandTestingPersonnel11.设备Equipment12.焊接及相关活动WeldingandRelatedActivities12.1生产计划ProductionPlanning12.2焊接工艺规程WeldingProcedureSpecifications12.3焊接工艺评定QualificationofTheWeldingProcedures12.4作业指导书WorkInstructions13.焊接材料WeldingConsumables14.母材ParentMaterial15.预热和焊后热处理16.检验及试验InspectionandTesting17.不符合及纠正措施Non-conformanceandCorrectiveActions18.测量、检验及试验设备的校准CalibrationandValidationofMeasuring,InspectionandTestingEquipment19.标识及可追溯性IdentificationandTraceability20.质量报告QualityRecords公司简介CompanyProfile颁布令Statement为适应市场需要，增强公司竞争及管理能力，按照ISO3834-2《金属材料熔化焊质量要求-第2部分：完整质量要求》和EN1090-2《钢结构和铝结构的施工-第2部分：钢结构用技术要求》编制完成了《焊接质量管理手册》，现予以批准颁布实施。本手册是公司ISO9001质量管理体系的补充，是指导公司建立并实施完整焊接质量管理体系的纲领和行动准则。全体员工必须遵照执行。Tomeetthemarketrequirementsandstrengthencompetitionandmanagingabilityofthecompany,<WeldingQualityManagementManual>haseditedandcompletedaccordingtoISO3834-2<Qualityrequirementsforfusionweldingofmetallicmaterials-part2:Comprehensivequalityrequirements>andEN1090-2<Executionofsteelstructuresandaluminiumstructures-part2:Technicalrequirementsforsteelstructures>.Now,itisauthorizedandbroughtintoeffect.ThismanualisthesupplementdocumentoftheISO9001qualitymanagementsystem,andthecreedandactionguidelineforthecompanytoestablishandenforcethecomprehensivequalityrequirementsforwelding.Thestaffofthecompanymustcomplyandenforceit.总经理（签字）：GeneralManager:焊接质量管理手册说明WeldingQualityManagementManualExplanation3.1手册内容依据ISO3834-2、EN1090-2标准要求并结合本公司实际情况编制而成，包括：ContentofthemanualaccordingtotherequirementsofISO3834-2&EN1090-2standard,andweeditedthemanualcombiningwithpracticeofthecompany,itincludes:公司焊接质量管理体系的认证范围，包含ISO3834-2、EN1090-2的全部要求。Thescopeofweldingqualitymanagementsystemcertification,includeallrequirementsofISO3834-2andEN1090-2.公司焊接质量管理体系所要求的程序文件。Theproceduresrequiredbytheweldingqualitymanagementsystem.3.2术语和定义TermsanddefinitionsISO3834-2、EN1090-2确立的术语和定义适用于本文件。Forthepurposesofthisdocument,thetermsanddefinitionsgiveninISO3834-2EN1090-2apply.3.3本手册为公司的受控文件，由最高管理者批准颁发，手册管理的所有相关事宜由行政部统筹负责。手册持有者应妥善保管，不得损坏、丢失和随意涂抹，并做到：ThemanualisacontrolleddocumentapprovedandissuedbyGeneralManager.AdministrativeDepartmentisinchargeofallthingsconcernedwithmanualmanagement.Manualpossessormustkeepitwell,andcan’tdestroy,loseoralter.未经管理者代表批准，不得将手册提供给公司以外人员。WithouttheapprovalofManagementRepresentative,themanualcan’tbeprovidedtopersonneloutsidethecompany.手册持有者调离工作岗位时，应将手册交回行政部并办理登记手续。Whenmanualownerleavehisworkingpost,hemustreturnittoAdministrativeDepartmentwithcertainproduces.3.4手册使用期间，如有修改建议，各部门负责人应汇总意见，及时反馈到行政部。行政部定期对手册的适用性、有效性进行评审，必要时应对手册予以修改。Inthecourseofapplyingthemanual,ifwhohasmodificationadvice,thechiefofeverydivisionshouldcollectitandfeedbacktoAdministrativeDepartment.AdministrativeDepartmentregularlyreviewssuitabilityandvalidityofthemanual,andmodifyitifnecessary.3.5手册的控制按《文件控制程序》执行。Thecontrolofmanualshouldaccordingto<documentscontrolProcedure>.焊接管理体系组织机构图WeldingManagementSystemOrganizationchart股东会股东会Shareholders’meeting监事会Boardofsupervisors监事会Boardofsupervisors董事会董事会Boardofdirectors总经理总经理GeneralManager管理者代表管理者代表Managementrepresentative副总经理ViceG.M.设计院Designcenter行政部Administrative副总经理ViceG.M.设计院Designcenter行政部Administrativedept财务部Financialdept企划部Planningdept副总经理ViceG.M.焊接责任人Weldingcoordinationpersonnel焊接责任人Weldingcoordinationpersonnel其他分公司Otherbranch仓库Warehouse质检处Qualitydept市场部质检处Qualitydept市场部Marketingdept制造部Manufacturingdept采购部Purchasingdept包装发运处Packagedeliverydept设备处包装发运处Packagedeliverydept设备处Equipmentdivision生产车间Workshop工艺处Technicaldivision焊接责任人员任命书WeldingCoordinatorAppointmentXXXXXXXXXXXX有限公司XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXCo.,Ltd焊接责任人任命书WeldingCoordinatorAppointment任命XXXX为XXXXXXXXXXXXX有限公司主管焊接责任人员。有效期为2016年月日至2019年月日。ItisappointedthatXXXXXasresponsibleweldingcoordinatorofXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXCo.,Ltd.Theappointmentisvalidfrom2016-~2019-总经理（签字）：GeneralManager:2016年7月1日焊接管理体系职责分配表Weldingmanagementsystemresponsibilityassignmenttable焊接责任人WeldingCoordinator采购部Purchasingdept工艺处Technicaldept生产车间workshop设备处Equip.dept质检处Qualitydept包装发运处deliverydept要求评审Reviewofrequirement●○○○○○○技术评审Technicalreview●○○○○○○分包商审核Sub-contractingreview●○○○○焊接人员Weldingpersonnel●○○设备Equipment●○○生产计划Productionplanning●○○○焊接工艺规程WPS●○焊接工艺评定WPQR●○工作指导书Workinstructions●○焊材和母材Weldingconsumables&Materials●○○○○预热及焊后热处理Preheating&Post-weldtreatment●☆○○焊前检验Inspectionbeforewelding●☆○○焊接过程中的检验及试验Inspectionandtestingduringwelding●☆○○焊后的检验及试验Inspectionandtestingafterwelding●☆○○不符合及纠正措施Non-conformanceandcorrectiveactions●○○○测量、试验与检验设备的校准Calibrationandvalidationofmeasuring,inspectionandtestingequipment●☆☆○标识及可追溯性Identificationandtraceability●☆☆○○○质量记录Qualityrecords●○●：负责coordinator○:主要参与mainparticipants☆：参与participants7.要求评审和技术评审ReviewofRequirementsandtechnicalreview市场部负责组织焊接责任人、工艺处、采购部、生产部、质检处等相关部门对合同进行评审。进行要求评审和技术评审时，应重点考虑具备满足所有要求的能力；全部质量活动具有合适的计划；相关文件清晰、准确、无争议；具有足够的资源来保证及时供货。要求评审应在合同签订前，技术评审应在计划的开始阶段加以考虑。评审应予以记录，记录由市场部负责保管。Marketingdeptisresponsibleforthecontractreview,organizingtheweldingcoordinator、TechnicalDivision、Purchasingdept、Manufacturingdept、Qualitydeptforreviewingthecontractrequirements.7.1要求评审应考虑的内容包括：Aspectstobeconsideredshallincludethefollowing:将采用的产品标准及所有附加要求；Theproductstandardtobeused,togetherwithanysupplementaryrequirements;法令及法规要求；Statutoryandregulatoryrequirements;制造商确定的所有附加要求Anyadditionalrequirementsdeterminedbythemanufacturer;制造商满足描述要求的能力；Thecapabilityofthemanufacturertomeettheprescribedrequirements.技术评审应考虑的技术要求包括：Technicalrequirementstobeconsideredshallincludethefollowing:母材技术条件及焊接接头性能;Parentmaterialsspecificationandweldedjointproperties;焊缝的质量及验收要求；Qualityandacceptancerequirementsforwelds;焊缝的位置，可达性及次序，包括试验和无损检测的可达性;Locationaccessibilityandsequenceofweldsincludingaccessibilityforinspectionandfornon-destructivetesting;焊接工艺规程、无损检测规程及热处理规程；Thespecificationofweldingprocedures，non-destructivetestingproceduresandheat-treatmentprocedures；焊接工艺评定所使用的方法；Theapproachtobeusedforthequalificationofweldingprocedures;人员的认可；Thequalificationofpersonnel;选择、标识及（或）可追溯性，（如：材料、焊缝）；Selectionidentificationand/ortraceability(e.g.formaterialswelds);质量控制管理，包括某个独立检验机构的介入；Quality-controlarrangements,includinganyinvolvementofanindependentinspectionbody;试验及检验;Inspectionandtesting;分承包；Sub-contracting;焊后热处理；Post-weldheattreatment衬垫、锤击、表面加工、焊缝外形；Otherweldingrequirements，e.g.batchtestingofconsumables，ferritecontentofweldmeats，ageinghydrogencontent，permanentbacking，useofpeening，surfacefinish，weldprofile；特殊方法的使用，如单面焊时不加衬垫获得全焊透；Useofspecialmethods（e.g.toachievefullpenetrationwithoutbackingwhenweldedfromonesideonly）;坡口及焊缝的尺寸、细节；Dimensionsanddetailsofjointpreparationandcompletedweld；焊缝的施焊场所；Weldswhicharetobemadeintheworkshoporelsewhere；候条件;Environmentalconditionsrelevanttotheapplicationoftheprocess（e.g.verylow-temperatureambientconditionsoranynecessarytoprovideprotectionagainstadverseweatherconditions）；不符合项的管理。Handingofnon-conformances.8.分包商Sub-contracting当制造流程中的某些重要环节委托分承包业务（如焊接、无损检测、热处理）时，公司应向分承包商提供满足应用要求所必需的信息。分承包商应按公司的要求，提供相关工作的报告和文件。Whencompanyintendstousesub-contractedservicesoractivities(e.g.welding,non-destructivetesting,heattreatment),informationnecessarytomeetapplicablerequirementsshallbesuppliedbythemanufacturertothesub-contractor.Thesub-contractorshallprovidesuchrecordsanddocumentationofhisworkasmaybespecifiedbythemanufacturer.分承包商应按照协议要求工作，公司应保证分承包商的工作符合本部分的有关要求，其工作质量达到规定的标准。Asub-contractorshallworkundertheorderandresponsibilityofthemanufacturerandfullycomplywiththerelevantrequirementsofthispartofISO3834.Themanufacturershallensurethatthesub-contractorcancomplywiththequalityrequirementsasspecified.公司提供给分承包商的信息应包括从要求评审到技术评审的所有相关资料。为了保证分承包商符合技术要求，可规定附加要求。Theinformationtobeprovidedbythecompanytothesub-contractorshallincludeallrelevantdatafromthereviewofrequirementsandthetechnicalreview.Additionalrequirementsmaybespecifiedasnecessarytoassuresub-contractorcompliancewithtechnicalrequirements.9.焊接人员WeldingPersonnel9.1焊工和焊接操作工Weldersandweldingoperators焊工和焊接操作工应通过相应的考试。焊工考试依据ISO9606，操作工考试依据ISO14732。Weldersandweldingoperatorsshallbequalifiedbyanappropriatetest.WelderqualificationtestaccordingtoISO9606,andweldingoperatorqualificationtestaccordingtoISO14732.9.2焊接责任人员Weldingcoordinationpersonnel负责质量活动的焊接管理人员应获得充分授权，保证可以采取必要的行动。具体职责分工见职责分工表。Weldingcoordinationpersonnelhavingresponsibilityforqualityactivitiesshallhavesufficientauthoritytoenableanynecessaryactiontobetaken.Detailseeresponsibilityassignmenttable.10.试验及检验人员InspectionandTestingPersonnel公司应配置足够的、胜任的、从事焊接生产试验、检验的计划、实施及监督的检验人员。无损检测人员的资格认可应按照ISO9712进行。Thecompanyshallhaveathisdisposalsufficientandcompetentpersonnelforplanning,performing,andsupervisingtheinspectionandtestingoftheweldingproductionaccordingtospecifiedrequirements.Thenon-destructivetestingpersonnelshallbequalifiedaccordingtoISO9712.11.设备Equipment11.1设备表述Descriptionofequipment生产部应有主要生产设备明细表。该明细表应表明主要设备、车间大小、产能评估等事项，如包括：Manufacturingdeptshallmaintainalistofessentialequipment,usedfortheproduction.Thislistshallidentifyitemsofmajorequipment,essentialforanevaluationofworkshopcapacityandcapability.Thisincludes,forexample:——起重机的最大能力；Maximumcapacityofcane(s);——车间可装夹的构件尺寸；Sizeofcomponentsthattheworkshopisabletohandle；——焊接设备能力；Capacityofweldingequipment；——轧制、弯曲及切割设备的能力；Capacitiesofrolling,bendingandcuttingequipment；11.2新设备Newequipment新设备（或改造后的设备）安装之后，应进行相应的试验。这些试验应能验证设备的正常功能，应按相关的标准进行试验和出具书面报告。Afterinstallationofnew(orrefurbished)equipment,appropriatetestsoftheequipmentshallbeperformed.Thetestsshallverifythecorrectfunctionoftheequipment.Thetestsshallbecarriedoutanddocumentedinaccordancewithappropriatestandards,wheneverrelevant.11.3设备维护Equipmentmaintenance设备处应具有设备维护的书面计划。计划中的维护项目，应确保设备中控制焊接工艺规程参数的部件得到维护和检查。这些计划应限定在对生产质量具有主要影响的那些项目，如：Equipmentdivisionshallhavedocumentedplansforthemaintenanceofequipment.Theplanshallensuremaintenancechecksofthoseitemsintheequipmentwhichcontrolvariableslistedintherelevantprocedurespecifications.Theplansmaybelimitedtothoseitemswhichareessentialforassuringthequalityoftheproduct.Examplesoftheseitemsareasfollows:——热切割设备的导轨、机械夹具等的状态Conditionofguidesinequipmentforthermalcutting,mechanisedfixturesetc.；——用于焊接设备操作的电流表、电压表、流量计的状态；Conditionofammetersandvoltmeters,flowmetersetc.usedfortheoperationoftheweldingequipment;——电缆、软管、接头等的状态；Conditionofcables,hoses,connectors,etc.;——机械化焊接设备中控制系统的状态；Conditionofcontrolsysteminmechanisedweldingunit;——测温仪器的状态；Conditionoftemperature-measurementinstruments;——送丝机构及导管的状态；Conditionofwirefeedersandconduits.不得使用有故障的设备。Defectiveequipmentshallnotbeused.12.焊接及相关活动WeldingandRelatedActivities12.1生产计划Productionplanning生产制作前，焊接责任人应组织工艺处、制造部、质检处共同编制生产计划，内容至少应包括：WeldingCoordinatorshallpreparetheproductionplanningtogetherwithTechnicaldept、ManufacturingdeptandQualitydeptbeforetheproduction.Itemstobeconsideredshallincludeatleast:——结构（即单件、组件及最终总装件）制造顺序的规定；Specificationofthesequencebywhichtheconstructionshallbemanufactured(e.g.assinglepartsorsub-assemblies,andtheorderofsubsequentfinalassembly);——制作结构所要求的每种工艺方法标识；Identificationoftheindividualprocessesrequiredtomanufacturetheconstruction;——实施每种工艺方法的顺序和时机；Orderandtiminginwhichtheindividualprocessesaretobeperformed;——相应的焊接及相关工艺规程的编号；Referencetotheappropriateprocedurespecificationsforweldingandalliedprocesses;——焊缝的焊接顺序，以及应采取的避免变形的措施；Sequenceinwhichtheweldsaretobemade,andmethodtobetakentoavoiddistortion.——产品或部件的标识；Identificationbybatches,componentsorparts,asappropriate;——试验及检验规程;Specificationforinspectionandtesting;——合格人员的指派；Allocationofqualifiedpersonnel;——生产试验的安排；Arrangementforanyproductiontest.12.2焊接工艺规程Welding-procedurespecifications工艺处负责编制《焊接工艺规程》，生产车间应确保《焊接工艺规程》在焊接生产中得到正确的使用。质检处负责检查《焊接工艺规程》的实施情况。TechnicaldepartmentshallpreparetheWPS,workshopshallensuretheWPShavebeencorrectlycarriedout.QualitydepartmentshallchecktheexecutionoftheWPS.12.3焊接工艺评定Qualificationoftheweldingprocedures焊接工艺应在生产之前进行评定，评定方法应按相关的产品标准或规程要求进行。Weldingproceduresshallbequalifiedpriortoproduction.Themethodofqualificationshallbeinaccordancewithrelevantproductstandardsorasstatedinthespecification.12.3.1针对焊接方法111、114、12、13和14的焊接工艺评定Qualificationofweldingproceduresforprocesses111,114,12,13and14焊接工艺评定依据下表取决于执行等级，母材和机械化程度；Thequalificationoftheweldingproceduredependsontheexecutionclass,theparentmetalandthedegreeofmechanizationinaccordancewithbelowtable.评定方式MethodofqualificationEXC2EXC3EXC4焊接工艺评定WeldingproceduretestENISO15614-1XXX工作试样评定Pre-productionweldingtestENISO15613XXX标准的工艺StandardweldingprocedureENISO15612Xa——先期经验评定PreviousweldingexperienceENISO15611Xb——已认可的焊材TestedweldingconsumablesENISO15610X:允许Permitted；—：不允许Notpermitteda仅用于≤S355材料的手工或半自动焊接工艺onlyformaterials≤S355andonlyformanualorpartlymechanizedwelding.b仅用于≤S275材料的手工或半自动焊接工艺onlyformaterials≤S275andonlyformanualorpartlymechanizedwelding.若依据ENISO15613或ENISO15614-1进行工艺评定，应符合下列条件；IfENISO15613orENISO15614-1qualificationproceduresareused,thefollowingconditionsapply:若规定要进行冲击试验，应在标准要求该等级钢的冲击性能最低温度下进行。IFimpacttestsarespecified,theyshallbecarriedoutatthelowesttemperaturerequiredforimpacttestingofthematerialqualitiesbeingjoined.对于EN10025-6的钢件，一个微观金相是必须的，应保存焊接金属、熔合线和HAZ区域的金相照片。不允许有微观裂纹。ForsteelsaccordingtoEN10025-6,onespecimenformicro-examinationisnecessary.Photographsofweldmetal,fusionlinezoneandHAZshallberecorded.Microcracksarenotpermitted.3）若在预涂底漆上进行焊接，应对最大（公称+公差）可接受漆层厚度进行检测。Ifweldingonshopprimers,testsshallbecarriedoutonthemaximum(nominal+tolerance)acceptedlayerthickness.若评定于钢材等级高于S275的横向应力角焊缝，应依照ENISO9018进行十字拉伸试验。评定时要求a≤0.5t，须检测三个十字拉伸试验。若断裂于母材，应达到最小抗拉强度。若断裂于焊缝金属，应确定实际焊接横截面抗拉强度。深熔角焊缝中应考虑实际熔合深度。确定的平均抗拉强度应为≥0.8Rm（Rm=母材抗拉强度）。IfaqualificationprocedureistoapplytotransversestressedfilletweldsonsteelgradeshigherthanS275,testshallbecompletedbyacruciformtensiletestperformedinaccordancewithENISO9018.Onlyspecimenswitha≤0.5tshallbeevaluated.Threecrosstensilespecimenshallbetested.Ifthefracturehappensintheparentmetal,theminimumnominaltensilestrengthoftheparentmetalshallbereached.Ifthefracturehappensintheweldmetal,thefracturestrengthofthecrosssectionoftheactualweldshallbedetermined.Byprocesseswithdeeppenetrationtheactualrootpenetrationshallbeconsidered.Thedeterminedaveragefracturestrengthshallbe≥0.8Rm(withRm=nominaltensilestrengthoftheusedparentmetal).12.3.2焊接工艺的有效性取决于评定标准的要求。如有需要，焊接工作试件必须依据相关评定标准执行，如ENISO14555。对于按照ENISO15614-1进行评定，而此焊接方法有中断使用的，则需要如下的额外试验。Thevalidityofaweldingproceduredependsontherequirementsofthestandardusedforthequalification.Ifspecified,weldingproductiontestshavetobecarriedoutinaccordancewiththerelevantstandardofqualification,e.g.ENISO14555.ThefollowingadditionaltestsarerequiredforaweldingprocedurequalifiedinaccordancewithENISO15614-1whichisundertakenbyaweldingprocessthathasnotbeenused:间断期为一年至三年的，材料强度高于S355级别的钢材需要相应的工作试件来验证。试验和检测包含外观，射线或超声（角焊缝不需要），磁粉或渗透，宏观金相和硬度。Foraperiodofbetweenoneandthreeyears,asuitableproductionweldingtestshallbecarriedoutforsteelgradeshigherthanS355.Examinationandtestingshallincludevisualinspection,radiographicorultrasonicinspection(notrequiredforfilletwelds),surfacecrackdetectionbymagneticparticleorpenetranttest,macro-examinationandhardnesstest;间断期超过三年的Foraperiodofmorethanthreeyears,对于S355及以下的钢材，工作试件中选取宏观金相进行检测；amacrospecimentakenfromaproductiontestshallbeinspectedforacceptabilityforsteelgradesuptoandincludingS355,or对于高于S355级别的钢材，重新进行工艺试验。newweldingproceduretestsshallbecarriedoutforsteelgradeshigherthanS355asrelevant.12.4作业指导书Workinstructions焊接责任人应组织编制《焊接作业指导书》指导车间生产。指导书的编制应源于合格的焊接工艺规程，并且不需另做评定。<Weldingworkinstructions>shallbepreparedbyWeldingcoordinatorforinstructionpurposes.Theworkinstructionsshallbepreparedfromaqualifiedwelding-procedurespecificationanddonotrequireseparatequalification.13.焊接材料ParentMaterialandWeldingConsumables13.1总则General合相关标准的要求。Themanagementofweldingconsumablesshallcarryoutaccordingto<Managementprocedureofweldingconsumables>.Thequalitycertificationofmaterialsshallbeprovidedwiththematerialreceived.Thecertificationsshallmeettherelatedstandards.13.2批量试验Batchtesting焊接材料仅在有要求时才做批量试验。Batchtestingofweldingconsumablesshallberequiredonlyifspecified.13.3贮存及保管Storageandhandling焊接材料的贮存、保管及使用应遵循<Managementprocedureofweldingconsumables>.15预热及焊后热处理PreheatingandPost-weldheattreatment15.1预热Preheating焊前的预热按相应的焊接工艺规程及《焊接作业指导书》中的要求执行，预热温度测量依据标准ISO13916.PreheatingshallbecarriedoutinaccordancewithrelevantWPSand<weldingworkinstructions>,thetemperatureofpreheatingwasmeasuredaccordingtoISO13916.15.2焊后热处理Post-weldheattreatment当产品有焊后热处理规定时，工艺处应按规定要求编制相应的《焊后热处理规程》。公司无相关设备，此过程可进行外包。实施过程中要做热处理记录报告。报告应体现按照规程执行，对特定产品具有可追溯性。<Thespecificationofpost-weldtreatment>shouldbepreparedbytechnicaldepartment,ifrequired.Ifcompanydoesn’thavetheequipment,thisprocesscanbesuppliedbysub-contract.Arecordoftheheattreatmentshallbemadeduringtheprocess.Therecordshalldemonstratethatthespecificationhasbeenfollowedandshallbetraceabletotheparticularproduct.16检验及试验Inspectionandtesting检验及试验的部位、数量和验收标准应依据ITP（检验试验计划）。Location,frequencyandacceptancecriteriaofsuchinspectionsand\ortestswilldependonITP(InspectionandTestPlan).16.1焊前检验Inspectionandtestingbeforewelding在施焊之前，应作下列检验：Beforethestartofwelding,thefollowingshallbechecked:——焊工和焊接操作工证书的适用性、有效性suitabilityandvalidityofwelders’andweldingoperators’qualificationcertificates；——焊接工艺规程的适用性suitabilityofwelding-procedurespecification；——母材的标识identityofparentmaterial；——焊接材料的标识identityofweldingconsumables；——焊接坡口（如形式及尺寸）jointpreparation(e.g.shapeanddimensions)；——组对、夹具及定位fit-up,jiggingandtacking；——焊接工艺规程中的任何特殊要求（如防止变形）anyspecialrequirementsinthewelding-procedurespecification(e.g.preventionofdistortion)；——工作条件（包括环境）对焊接的适用性suitabilityofworkingconditionsforwelding,includingenvironment.16.2焊接过程中的检验及试验Inspectionandtestingduringwelding在焊接过程中，应在适宜的间隔点或以连续监控的方式做下列检验：Duringwelding,thefollowingshallbecheckedatsuitableintervalsorbycontinuousmonitoring:——基本的焊接参数，如：焊接电流、电弧电压及焊接速度等essentialweldingparameters(e.g.weldingcurrent,arcvoltageandtravelspeed);——预热温度/层间温度；preheating/interpasstemperature;——焊道及焊层的清理与形状cleaningandshapeofrunsandlayersofweldmetal；——清根backgouging；——焊接顺序weldingsequence；——焊接材料的正确使用及保管correctuseandhandlingofweldingconsumables；——变形的控制controlofdistortion；——中间检查，如尺寸检查anyintermediateexamination(e.g.checkingofdimensions)。16.3焊后检验及试验Inspectionandtestingafterwelding焊后应检验是否达到验收标准：Afterwelding,thecompliancewithrelevantacceptancecriteriashallbechecked:——外观检查byvisualinspection；——无损检测bynon-destructivetesting；——破坏性试验bydestructivetesting；——结构的型式、形状及尺寸form,shapeanddimensionsoftheconstruction；17不符合项及纠正措施Non-conformanceandcorrectiveactions不合格品的处理按《不合格品控制程序》执行。对于焊接过程中出现的不合格焊缝，质检处开出NCR，焊接工程师为这些不合格焊缝制定《焊缝返修规程》，由车间按《焊缝返修规程》执行返修。返修后的焊缝应重新检验并需达到原始焊缝要求。对于严重不符合项，应采取纠正措施，避免不符合项的再次发生，并填写《纠正\预防措施表》。Controlofnon-conformanceproductsshallbecarryoutaccordingto<controlprocedureofnon-conformingproduct>.Whennon-conformantweldsisfound,NCRwillbereleasedbyQCdepartment.Weldingengineerwillpreparethe《ProcedureofWeldingRepair》forthesenon-complianceweldseams.Theworkshopshallrepairitaccordingtothisprocedure.Correctedweldsshallbecheckedandshallmeettherequirementsoftheoriginalwelds.Forseriousnonconformity,correctiveactionshouldbetakentoavoidnonconformitiesoccuragain,andfillinthetableofthecorrect\preventivemeasures.18.测量、试验及检验设备的校准Calibrationandvalidationofmeasuring,inspectionandtestingequipment所有与焊接有关的测量、检验和试验装置均需定期校准，。All