曲靖市富源县农村留守老人养老问题及对策探析

摘要自20世纪80年代以来，我国逐步进入工业化、城镇化快速发展的阶段，城镇劳动力急需，农村剩余劳动力增多，导致农村青壮年劳动力大规模向城市外流，将父母和孩子留在农村住所地，而衍生出了留守老人、留守儿童这一类似的留守群体，一直延续到当代已经成为一种非常普遍的现象。我国自古以来，都是以传统的家庭养老方式为主，法律规定子女有赡养父母的义务，但是随着子女的外出，父母与子女长期两地分居使得外出子女无法为留守父母提供日常的生活照料，留守老人在经济方面、生活照料方面、精神慰藉等方面受到了很大程度的影响，留守老人的养老失去了应有的保障。根深蒂固的家庭养老模式、传统的养老观念以及长期以来的政府的职能缺位导致农村留守老人问题被家庭化，导致留守老人现象被看作是家庭的问题而非社会乃至政府应解决的问题，农村留守老人这一留守群体并没有受到政府、社会的重视。在当前国家全面建成小康社会的背景下，过去传统的家庭养老模式显然已经满足不了农村留守老人的养老需求。因此，国家和政府应当制定针对留守老人这一群体的政策和措施，建立各种养老保障机构、基础设施、老年活动文化社等一系列与当前社会发展和经济发展水平相适应的养老服务保障体系。本文通过对富源县农村留守老人生活状况以及所面临的养老困境进行调查，分析和总结造成富源县农村留守老人养老困境的多方面原因，为富源县养老服务体系的构建提出自己的对策和建议，希望留守老人能够在生活中获得多方位的支持系统。关键词：农村留守老人；养老；服务体系AbstractSince

the

1980

s,

our

country

gradually

entered

the

stage

of

industrialization

and

urbanization,

rapid

development,

urban

Labour,

rural

surplus

labor

force

increased,

cause

the

outflow

of

rural

mass

to

the

city

young

adults,

parents

and

children

in

rural

residence,

and

derived

the

left-behind

elderly,

left-behind

children

stay

like

this

kind

of

group,

It

has

been

a

very

common

phenomenon

to

continue

until

the

present

age.

Since

ancient

times

in

China,

is

a

traditional

family

pension

mode

is

given

priority

to,

children

have

the

duty

to

support

their

parents

by

law,

but

as

the

children

out,

parents

and

children

for

a

long

time

separation

makes

children

going

out

to

provide

left-behind

parents

daily

life

care,

left-behind

elderly

in

economic

terms,

the

life

care

and

spiritual

consolation

influenced

by

much,

The

old-age

support

of

the

left-behind

elderly

has

lost

its

due

security.

Deep-rooted

family

pension

mode,

the

traditional

concept

of

pension,

and

the

long

absence

of

the

role

of

government

in

rural

left-behind

elderly

were

obviously,

lead

to

problems

in

terms

of

left-behind

elderly

phenomenon

is

seen

as

a

family

rather

than

the

society

and

the

government

should

solve

the

problem,

the

rural

left-behind

elderly

the

remaining

group

has

not

brought

to

the

attention

of

the

government,

society.

Under

the

background

of

building

a

well-off

society

in

an

all-round

way

in

China,

the

traditional

family

pension

model

in

the

past

has

obviously

been

unable

to

meet

the

needs

of

the

left-behind

elderly

in

rural

areas.

Therefore,

the

state

and

government

should

formulate

policies

and

measures

for

the

left-behind

elderly

group,

and

establish

a

series

of

old-age

service

security

system

that

is

compatible

with

the

current

social

development

and

economic

development

level,

such

as

various

old-age

security

institutions,

infrastructure,

old-age

activities

and

cultural

societies.

This

article

through

to

FuYuan

County

rural

left-behind

elderly

living

conditions

as

well

as

pension

difficulties

faced

by

investigation,

analysis

and

summary

of

the

difficulties

in

rural

left-behind

elderly

endowment

FuYuan

County

various

reason,

for

the

construction

of

FuYuan

County

endowment

service

system

put

forward

some

countermeasures

and

Suggestions,

hope

the

left-behi