2024版新教材高考英语全程一轮总复习Unit1ScienceandScientists学生用书新人教版选择性必修第二册

选择性必修第二册UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS过基础·语基落实(一)分类识记单词——用时少·功效高识记单词写对Ⅰ.知其意1．contradictoryadj.____________2．germn.____________3．pumpn.____________4．shadown.____________5．substantialadj.____________6．statisticn．[pl.]____________7．proteinn.____________8．celln.____________9．virusn.____________10．vaccinen.____________11．concreten.____________adj.____________12．aerospacen.____________13．patrioticadj.____________14．mechanicaladj.____________15．mechanicn.____________16．aviationn.____________17．missilen.____________18．astronomyn.____________Ⅱ.写其形1．________adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的2．________vt.&vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象3．________n．把手；拉手；柄vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)4．________n．联系；纽带vt.把……连接起来；相关联5．________adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的6．________vt.投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷7．________vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)8．________n．领导；领导地位；领导才能9．________vt.追溯；追踪；查出n.痕迹；遗迹；踪迹10．________prep.除……之外(还)adv.而且；此外11．________adv.此外；再者12．________n．改变；转换；轮班vi.&vt.转移；挪动；转向13．________vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)14．________n．彩虹15．________adj.抽象的；理性的n.(文献等的)摘要16．________n．概念；观念核心单词练透1．Frommypointofview,weshouldalsotakeEnglishbooksandwebsitesintoconsideration,thuslayinga________(可靠的)foundationforEnglish.[2022·全国乙卷]2．Seeingtheworldthroughtheeyesofachildisthe________(纯的，纯粹的)joythatanyonecanexperience.3．Owingtothesevereenvironmentalpollution，thisspeciesofbirdis________(减少)innumberseveryyear.4．Morethanforty________(杰出的)youngsingersfromeightcountrieshavebeenchosenforthisyear'sartfestival.5．________(责备)byhisteacher，theboywasfrustratedandcouldn'tconcentrateonhisstudy.6．Helikestofind________(弱点；过错)withotherpeople,whichmakesthemveryunhappy.7．Inouroffice,Jimisanabsolutely________(聪颖的)expertincomputers,andhealwayssolvesthecomplexproblemsinafewminutes.拓展单词用活【记全记牢】1．severeadj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的→________adv.极为恶劣地；十分严重地；严厉地2．infectvt.使感染；传染→________n．感染；传染3．pureadj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→________adv.仅仅；完全→________vt.净化；使纯净4．transformvt.使改观；使改变形态vi.改变；转变→________n．转化；转换；变换；变化5．thinkv．认为；思考→________n．思想；思维；见解6．findv．发现→________n．发现；调查结果；(法律)判决7．initialadj.最初的；开始的；第一的→________adv.最初地8．assistvt.帮助；协助；援助→________n．帮助；协助→________n．助理；助手【用准用活】9．Withsolid________，thelawyercancertainly________thatheisinnocent.(prove)10．To________herfrombeinghurt，Imustsaysomethinginher________．(defend)11．LangLangisa________pianistandhehasagreat________forplayingthepiano.(gift)12．Hedescribed________whathesawinLondon,givingusa________pictureaboutpeople'slifethere.(vivid)13．Ioftengot________inthisjobandtheconstant________almostmademequitthejob.(frustrate)14．With________policies，thecompany'sexportshavebeenincreasing________．(steady)(二)语境记忆短语——不枯燥·兴趣高记全记牢1.____________最终地；彻底地2．____________同意；赞同3．____________幸亏；由于4．____________(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发5．____________主管；掌管6．____________患(病)；染上(小病)7．____________最重要的是；尤其是8．____________对……有影响9．____________负有责任10．____________在某人的领导下用准用活选用左栏短语填空1．[道歉信，2021·北京卷]Sincemygrandfather____________thedisease,wehavetakenturnstocareforhim.2．Henryis____________thedepartment,soheknowsaboutthedepartmentverywell.3．____________hisyearsofsportstraining,hedevelopedthespiritofnevergivingup.4．Thismorning,severalclassmatesandI__________theideathatwewenttopickuprubbishinthePeople'sPark.5．We'dliketoemployasecretarywhoisfriendly,hard-working,and____________，abletodealwithsomethingunexpected.·会积累联想拓展·1．以“-ship”为后缀的高频名词①scholarship奖学金；学问；学术成就②friendship友谊③leadership领导地位④relationship关系⑤hardship苦难⑥championship冠军称号2．常见英语反义形容词①abstract抽象的②positive积极的③optimistic乐观的3．有无定冠词大相径庭①inchargeof主管；看管；负责inthechargeof被掌管；由……负责②incontrolof控制；管理inthecontrolof被……控制③inpossessionof占有；拥有inthepossessionof被占有；为……所有(三)仿写用活句式——造佳句·表达高句式背诵句式仿写句型1so...that...“如此……以至于……”Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.他发现霍乱在两条街道上尤为严重以至于十天内死了500多人。1.每天坚持写学习日记是如此重要，所以我想把这种学习方法介绍给你们。Keepingalearningdiaryeverydayis__________________________________________________________________________________．句型2“havesth.done”使某事被做Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.相应地，他让人把水泵的手柄拆了，这样水泵就不能用了。2.我们开始帮忙摘桃子，然后让人把它们送到农民家里。[2020·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达]Webegantohelppickpeachesandthen____________________________________thefarmers'houses.句型3until引导的时间状语从句Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor，JohnSnow，showedhowitcouldbeovercome．在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。3.声音越来越大，直到大卫拖着腿越过终点站。[2022·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写]Thevoicebecamelouderandlouder__________________________________________，surpassingtheterminal.攻重难·解惑释疑练学核心单词1blamevt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n．指责；责备(1)blamesb.forsth.因某事责备某人blamesth.onsb./sth.将某事归咎于某人/某事betoblame(forsth.)应(对某事)负责任(2)take/beartheblamefor...承担……的责任put/place/laytheblameonsb./sth.归咎于某人/某事[练透]单句语法填空/完成句子①Inmyview,LiHua,whobroketheschoolrules,was____________(blame)．②我们应该多交流、换位思考而不是相互责怪。(建议信)______________________________，weshouldcommunicatemoreandputourselvesinothers'place.③蒂姆被责备为演出失败负责，他悲伤得忍不住痛哭。(读后续写情感描写)______________________theperformance,Timfeltseizedbyaburstofsadnessandcouldn'thelpcryingbitterly.2decreasen．减少；降低；减少量vt.&vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低(1)decreaseby减少了decrease(from...)to(从……)减少到decreasein在某方面下降(2)onthedecrease/increase在减少/在增加adecreaseinsth.某方面的减少[练透]单句语法填空/一句多译(1)Thenumberofnewstudents____________(decrease)from2，000to1，600inrecenttwoyears.(2)由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的数目在减少。①Becauseofhumanactivities,thenumberofsomerareanimals____________．②Becauseofhumanactivities,thenumberofsomerareanimals____________.3transformvi.&vt.转化；转换；改造；变换(☞transformationn.(彻底的)变化，改观，转变)transformsb./sth.改变/转化某人/某事transform...into...使……变成……betransformedfrom...into...由……变成……[练透]单句语法填空/完成句子①Atpresent,theremarkabledevelopmentofdigitaleconomy________(transform)ourmodernwayoflife.②Thepasttenyearshaswitnessedacomplete____________(transform)ofmyhometown.③你的慷慨帮助和善意使我的第一次加拿大之行成为一个难忘的回忆。(感谢信)Yourgeneroushelpandkindness________________________________anunforgettablememory.4defendvt.保卫；防守；辩解(☞defenc(s)en．防御；保卫；保护)(1)defend...against/from保护……免受defendoneself自卫；为自己辩护(2)indefence(of)保护；为了保卫inone'sdefence为某人辩护[练透]单句语法填空/一句多译(1)Thearmywilldowhateverittakestodefendthemotherland________anyinvasion.(2)Shesteppedbackappearingsurprisedandputupherhandsasif________defence.(3)看到这只凶猛的狼，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。(读后续写肢体动作)①Seeingthefiercewolf,herushed____________________likeanarrow.(defend)②Seeingthefiercewolf,herushed____________________likeanarrow.(defence)划重点练全易错点维度一词形转换和动词形式变化1.Giventhatthedriverinjuredthepasser-by,hewasso________(severe)punishedthathisparentswere________(frustrate)．2．WiththepeopleHuckleberryFinnmeetscoveringallwalksoflife,thenovel________(vivid)reflectsthesocietyatthattime.3．Muchtoourjoy,hishealthisgetting________(steady)betterwithtimegoingby.4．Inreality，themechanicmadeaseveremistake，________(shift)nervouslyfromonefoottoanother.(读后续写之紧张心理描写)5．IwasovercomewithsadnessbecauseI____________(suspect)ofstealinghismoney.6．Withtears________(pour)downhischeeks,hewatchedthedocumentaryfilm________(trace)thehistoryoftheancienttown.7．Atthattime,peoplewereadvisedtostayathometoreducetheriskofgetting________(infect)．8．Inreality,expertsbelievethattheillness________(link)totheuseofchemicalpesticide.维度二固定用法和搭配Peoplemayfinditunbelievablethattwohundredyearsagopeopledidnotlinkillness①________environmentalproblems.InLondondrinkingpollutedwaterled②________manydeathsfromcholera.Italwaysstartedinthepoorneighborhood,andthenitspreadtothericherareasastheservantsinfected③________theillnesspassediton.Manydoctorssuspected④________pollutedwaterwas⑤____________(blame).JohnSnow's⑥________(finding)provedthatthedirtierthewater,the⑦____________(severe)theillness.Therefore,theyconcludedthatwatermustbe⑧________(pure).Theyinstructedthe⑨________(handle)beremovedfrompumpsifthewatercarriedthevirus.Thanks⑩________JohnSnow,cholerawasdefeatedeventually.掌握短语和句式1inchargeof负责/掌管(表状态)(1)inthechargeof由……来负责；被……掌管takechargeof负责/看管(表动作)freeofcharge免费(2)charge(sb.)forsth.为……要价chargesb.with(doing)sth.指控某人(做)某事[练透]补全句子/一句多译(1)I'mgoingtovisitthemuseumwhich________________________(不收门票)tomorrowmorning.(2)Youcantakeasmanyasyoulike,becausethey____________________(免费)．(3)He__________________(被指控谋杀)andsentencedtodeath.(4)作为学生会主席，我被委派负责你在天津逗留期间的所有活动。①AschairmanoftheStudentAssociation，Iwasappointedto__________________________________duringyourstayinTianjin.②AschairmanoftheStudentAssociation，Iwasappointedto__________________________________duringyourstayinTianjin.2aboveall最重要的是；尤其是afterall毕竟；终究allinall整体说来；总而言之inall全部；合计firstofall首先atall(否定句)一点也不；(疑问句)到底；究竟[练透]用all短语填空/完成句子①TheuniversityIrecommendtoyouisBeijingLanguageandCultureUniversity.____________，you'dbetterlearnsomebasicChinesebeforeyoucome.____________，youwillbeundercompletelyunfamiliarcircumstances.____________，studyingforadegreeinadifferentcultureisnoteasy____________．(应用文写作之推荐信)②总之，现在是我们致力于保护海洋的时候了。[2022·全国甲卷]______________________________wedevotedourselvestoprotectingocean.3句型：have＋宾语＋宾语补足语(教材)Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.相应地，他让人把水泵的手柄拆了，这样水泵就不能用了。(1)havesth.done使某事被做havesb.dosth.让某人做某事havesb./sth.doingsth.让某人一直做某事或让某事处于某种状态can'thavesb.doingsth.不能容忍某人做某事(2)havesth.todo有某事要做[练透]单句语法填空/完成句子①WhatJennyhopesisthatMr.Smithcouldsuggestagoodwaytohavethecurrentsituation________(improve)．②Ourheadteachercan'thaveus________(waste)ourprecioustime.Evenifwehavefinishedourhomework，healwayshasus________(read)classicstobroadenourhorizons.③我非常抱歉让你等了这么长时间，因为刚才我有一件紧急的事情要处理。(应用文写作之道歉信)Iamterriblysorryfor________________________________________，because__________________________justnow.4句型：until引导的时间状语从句(教材)Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor，JohnSnow，showedhowitcouldbeovercome．在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。(1)not...until...意为“直到……才……”，引导时间状语从句；(2)在not...until...句型结构中，可以把notuntil提到句首，此时主句用部分倒装语序；(3)not...until...句型的强调句式为Itis/wasnotuntil...that...。[练透]单句语法填空/一句多译(1)Thevoicebecamelouderandlouder________Daviddraggedhisleg,passingtheterminal.[2022·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写](2)ItwasnotuntilIsettleddownandlivedinBeijing________IhadachancetopayavisittotheGreatWall.(3)直到我经历了这场事故，我才明白坏运气有可能是正在等待开启的门。(读后续写之升华句)①____________________________________________badfortunemightbethedoorwaitingtobeopened.(倒装)②____________________________________________Iwasawarethatbadfortunemightbethedoorwaitingtobeopened.(强调句型)划重点练透热考点维度一单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译1.AmythoughtitwasworthwhiletoreadEnglishnewspaperseverydaysoshesubscribed________the21stCentury.2．Willing________(help)Bernard,thechildrengotdownto________(prepare)popcorntheinstanttheygotwhattheyneeded.[2020·新高考Ⅰ卷]3．我们都希望你愿意负责这次校园艺术节的组织工作。Weallhope______________________________theorganizationoftheschoolartfestival.4．我认为我们应该采取有效的措施让我们的国家更美丽。Ithinkweshouldtakeeffectivemeasuresto____________________________________．5．健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。Healthproblems__________________________________________________．6．长城是如此壮丽，每天都有大量的游客来参观。①TheGreatWall________________________alargenumberoftouristsvisititeveryday.(so...that...)②____________________________alargenumberoftouristsvisititeveryday.(倒装)维度二应用文练习根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇DearPeter，BornintoawealthyhouseholdonDecember11，1911,ZhejiangProvince,QianXuesen①______________________________________(是如此聪明以至于被认为是)a“super-gifted”boyinhischildhood.HegraduatedfromShanghaiJiaoTongUniversityandwenttotheUnitedStatesforhisfurtherstudy,②____________________________(他在那里获得博士学位)Hereturnedtohishomelandin1955③__________________(最终地).AfterhereturnedtoChina,hecommitted④________(he)toChina'saerospaceindustry,⑤________(handle)thedesignand⑥________________________________(负责火箭、导弹的研制工作)．⑦______________________________________________(正是由于他的杰出成就)wehavemadesolidandsteadyprogressindefendingourbeautifulhomeland.测效果·素养提能维度一清除阅读障碍Ⅰ.一词多义练1．根据语境选出handle的含义A．vt.处理B．v.操纵C．n.把手D．vt.(用手)触，拿①Thewayyouhandlechopsticksisimportanttoavoidannoyingyourcompanions.[2022·全国甲卷]________②Iwasn'tsureifIcouldhandlesuchapowerfulcar.________③TeainChinawastraditionallydrunkfromcupswithouthandles．________④Wemustlearntohandleconflictscalmlyandwisely.________2．根据语境选出subscribe短语的含义A.订阅B．赞成；同意C．捐助①Hesubscribestotheviewthatwecantacklethesevereprobleminthiswayonceandforall.________②Thisistheschooltheoutstandingandpatrioticscientistsubscribedtogenerouslyinthepast.________③UsingthemoneyIearnedintheholiday，Ihavesubscribedtomultiplemagazinesrecently.________Ⅱ.熟词生义练1．Theengineisusedforpumpingwateroutofthemine.____________2．Theresearchlackssolidproof，andtherefore，itsconclusionsaredoubtful.____________3．Theyshiftedtheirviewpointsfrequently.[2020·江苏卷]____________维度二读后续写微技能——动作描写之hand动“手”积累常诵短语①holdone'shand抓住某人的手②shakehandswith与……握手③cup...inone'shands将……捧在手心④openone'shands张开双手⑤handinhand手拉手⑥raise/putupone'shand举手⑦holdoutone'shand伸出手⑧takeone'shand牵某人的手⑨spreadone'shands摊开双手第一步：按要求用表“动手”的表达和其他描写方法补全以下各句，并背诵①一只小蝴蝶，正拼命扇动翅膀却无法从地面上飞起来。Asinglebutterflywascrazilyflutteringitswingsbutcouldnot______________________.②在它面前是卡车的轮胎。________________________________________________________________________③我不假思索就下了车，举起手不让卡车司机往前走，然后弯下腰去看那只蝴蝶。WithoutthinkingIgotoutofmycar,____________________________________，and______________________________.(肢体动作描写)④我发现它的一条腿陷进了水洼里，看上去有点像苏打水。________________________________whatlookedlikesoda.⑤我俯下身，尽可能轻柔地将蝴蝶捧在手心。Ireacheddownand______________________________________.(动作描写)⑥我托起它的腿。忽然间，它自由了。我摊开双手，它朝蓝天飞去。Ilifteditslegupandsuddenlyitwasfree.________________________________________________.(动作描写)⑦我的目光似乎更加明亮。我看着它，心里感到更轻松了。____________________________andmyownheartfeltlighterasIwatchedit.(情感描写)第二步：将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵成文，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________选择性必修第二册UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS过基础语基落实(一)分类识记单词识记单词写对Ⅰ.知其意1．相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的2.微生物；细菌；病菌3.泵；抽水机；打气筒4.阴影；影子；背光处5.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的6.统计数字；统计资料；统计学7.蛋白质8.细胞；小房间；单间牢房9.病毒10.疫苗11.混凝土混凝土制的；确实的；具体的12.航空航天工业13.爱国的14.机械的；发动机的；机器的15.机械师；机械修理工16.航空制造业；航空；飞行17.导弹18.天文学Ⅱ.写其形1．severe2.suspect3.handle4.link5.raw6.cast7.pour8.leadership9.trace10.besides11.furthermore12．shift13.subscribe14.rainbow15.abstract16.concept核心单词练透1．solid2.purest3.decreasing4.outstanding5.Blamed6.fault7.brilliant拓展单词用活[记全记牢]1．severely2.infection3.purelypurify4.transformation5.thinking6.finding7.initially8.assistanceassistant[用准用活]9．ve10.defenddefence11.giftedgift12.vividlyvivid13.frustratedfrustration14.steadysteadily(二)语境记忆短语记全记牢1．onceandforall2.subscribeto3.thanksto4.breakout5.inchargeedown(with)7.aboveall8.haveanimpacton9.betoblame10.underone'sleadership用准用活1．camedownwith2.inchargeof3.Thanksto4.subscribedto5.aboveall(三)仿写用活句式1．soimportantthatIwouldliketointroduceittoyou2.hadthemdeliveredto3.untilDaviddraggedhisleg攻重难解惑释疑练学核心单词1．①toblame②Insteadofblamingeachother③Blamedforthefailureof2．(1)hasdecreased(2)①isonthedecrease②isdecreasing3．①istransforming②transformation③transformedmyfirstCanadatripinto4．(1)against(2)in(3)①todefendhisson②indefenceofhisson划重点练全易错点维度一1．severelyfrustrated2.vividly3.steadily4.shifting5.wassuspected6.pouringtracing7.infected8.islinked维度二①to②to③with④that⑤toblame⑥findings⑦moresevere⑧purified⑨handles⑩to掌握短语和句式1．(1)doesn'tchargefor