2021-2022学年新疆昌吉州教育体系高三（上）第四次诊断英语试卷（附详解）

2021-2022学年新疆昌吉州教育体系高三（上）第四次

诊断英语试卷

一、阅读理解(本大题共15小题，共30.0分)

A

GrandCanyonNationalParkRangerProgramsCritterChat

9：30amDaily

(MeetatGrandCanyonVisitorCenter)

LearnaboutsomeoftheGrandCanyon'sdiversewildcreatureswhosurvivehereinthis

placeofextremechangesinexposureandclimate.Wheelchairaccessible.Familyfriendly.

GeologyWalk

3：30pmDaily

(MeetatYavapaiGeologyMuseum)

LearnhowtheGrandCanyonformedwhileexploringYavapaiGeologyMuseumduring

thisshortintroductorytalk.Whyisitsodeep,wide,andgrand?Whydoesitexistonlyhere

andnowhereelseintheworld?ConsiderwalkingtheTrailofTimefollowingthe

program.

GuidedCedarRidgeHike

7amDaily

(MeetattheSouthKaibabTrailhead)

A3-mile(about4.8km)hikeonanunpavedpath.Allow4hours.Minimum2litersof

waterperperson.Bringsaltysnacks,sunscreen,andwearhikingshoes.Notrecommended

forpeoplewithheartproblems,ordifficultywalking.

FossilDiscoveryWalk

9amDaily

(MeetattheBrightAngelTrailheadsign)

Walkamongseacreaturesthatlivedonthispartofthecontinent270millionyears

ago,beforetheageofthedinosaurs.Thiseasy1/2-mile(about0.8km)one-waywalk

exploresanexposedfossilbed.

Note：Childrenmustbeaccompaniedbyanadultinallprograms.Allprogramsarefreeof

charge.

1.Whichprogramissuitableforafamilytolearnthecurrentwildlife?

A.CritterChat.B.GeologyWalk.

C.GuidedCedarRidgeHike.D.FossilDiscoveryWalk.

2.WherecanparticipantslearnabouttheformationoftheGrandCanyon?

A.AtYavapaiGeologyMuseum.

B.AttheSouthKaibabTrailhead.

C.AtGrandCanyonVisitorCenter.

D.AttheBrightAngelTrailheadsign.

3.WhatshouldparticipantsnoticeaboutGuidedCedarRidgeHike?

A.Aone-waywalk.B.Awheelchairpath.

C.Anexposedfossilbed.D.Somespecialrequirements.

B

GormanistheyoungestpoetinUShistory.Shebecametheyouthpoetlaureate（获奖者）

ofLosAngelesatage16in2014andthefirstnationalyouthpoetlaureatethreeyears

later.ShehasrecentlycompletedherstudiesatHarvardUniversity.

Hermother,JoanWicks,teachesinamiddleschoolinWatts.Shuttlingamongthe

neighborhoodsgaveGormanawindowtotheworld.Herloveforpoetrydatesatleastback

tothethirdgradewhenherteacherreadRayBradbury'sDandelionWinetotheclass.

Gormanisalotbetteratitnow,butstillworkingonherconfidenceasapublicspeaker.

"Untiltwoormaybethreeyearsago,Icouldn'tsaytheletterT'.Eventothisdaysometimes

1strugglewithit.Fdwanttosay'girlscanchangetheworld1,butIcannotsaysomany

lettersinthatstatement,soEdsaythingslike'youngwomencanshapetheglobe'.1*

ForGorman,writingbecameacure."Iusedwritingasaformofselfexpressiontogetmy

wordonthepage.SothemoreIrecitedoutloud,themoreIwasabletoteachmyselfhowto

pronouncetheseletterswhichforsolonghadbeenmygreatestobstacle.Gormansaidshe

alsousedasongfromMiranda'sPulitzerPrize-winningBroadwaymusicalHamiltonto

helpwithherspeaking.MButIdon'tlookatmydisabilityasaweakness,*'saidGorman.

"It'smademetheperformerthatIamandthestorytellerthatIstruggletobe.”

InSeptember,GormanwillreleaseChangeSings,thefirstoftwochildren'sbooks.Thepoet

第2页，共23页

saysshedesirestopublishabook“inwhichkidscouldseethemselvesaschange-makers

inhistory,ratherthanjustobservers".

4.WhathappenedtoGormanin2017?

A.ShebecametheUSfirstyouthpoetlaureate.

B.ShegraduatedfromHarvardUniversity.

C.Sheappliedfortheyouthpoetlaureate.

D.Sheturnedintoapublicspeaker.

5.WhatarousedGorman'sinterestinpoetry?

A.Hermother'sencouragement.B.RayBradbury'sworks.

C.Miranda'sinspiration.D.Alaureate'sstory.

6.WhydoesGormanwanttowriteabookforkids?

A.Toinspirekidstobetheyouthpoetlaureate.

B.Toshowkidssomewaystoobservetheworld.

C.Toencouragekidstobechange-makers.

D.Togivethedisabledsomewritingtips.

7.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Gormansucceededinbecomingastoryteller

B.Gormanovercameherdisadvantageinpoetry

C.Gormanusedwritingtoovercomeaspeechobstacle

D.Gorman'sweaknessstoppedherfrombeingaspeaker

c

Whydopeoplelongforcelebritynews?Atleastsomeofthehungercentersaround

schadenfreude——havingjoyfromthesufferingofothers.Peopleoftenactasifjoyis

dependentonachievingmaterialgain.Seeingpeoplethatseemto"haveitall"suffer

(goingthroughdivorce,drugabuse,mentalillness,etc.)momentarilydestroysthat

thought.Andthenpeoplecanthink,"Perhapsit'sOKthatIdon'thavemyowntelevision

show,andownfourlargehouses.'1Let'schatabitmoreaboutschadenfreudeandrelated

concepts.Ifyou'vebeenaliveacoupleofdecades,you'vecertainlyseenplentyofexamples

showingthatmoneydoesnotbringhappiness.Butwhatdoesbringhappiness?Oneofthe

keysinvolveslearningtofullyattendtoandenjoythepresentmoment—notjustlearning

thisasinformation,but,throughpractice,developingtheskilloflivingmindfullyinthis

moment.

Otherkeystohappinessinvolvedevelopingtheskillofcompassion（同情）andloving

kindness.Thismayseemstrangetoreaders：developingaskillofcompassion?Don'tyou

justhaveornothavecompassion?Therearesometypesofmeditation（冥想）originating

fromBuddhisttraditionsthataredesignedtodevelopcompassionandlovingkindness.

Thefourrelatedqualitiesdevelopedbythesetypesofmeditationpracticesaretermed：

lovingkindness,calmness,compassion,andsympatheticjoy.Sympatheticjoyistheexact

oppositeofschadenfreude——withsympatheticjoy,wegetjoyfromthejoyofothers.Think

ofaclosefamilymemberdoingwellandnoticethejoyyoufeel-thatissympathetic

joy.Todevelopmoresympatheticjoy,whensomethinggoodhappenstoanother

person,saytoyourself（withasmuchmeaningaspossible）,"Pmhappyforyou.Mayyour

goodfortunecontinue.Mayyourgoodfortunegrow."

Whenaperson,celebrityornot,issuffering,youcanpracticeacompassion

meditation.Closeyoureyesandimagineascenethatnaturallybringsforthsympathy,such

ashuggingalovedone,orholdingababy.Thenimaginesayingtotheperson

suffering,MMayyoubefreefromsuffering,°or"Mayyoursufferingease.',

8.Whatcanmakeushappyaccordingtotheauthor?

A.Havingawell-paidjob.

B.Owninggreatpopularity.

C.Focusingoncelebrities*news.

D.Learningtoliveinthemoment.

9.Whatdoestheauthormainlytalkaboutinparagraph2?

A.Compassionandlovingkindness.

B.Theoriginofsometraditions.

C.Happinessandmeditation.

D.Meditationpractices.

10.Whichofthefollowingissympatheticjoy?

A.Youcheerupwhenacelebritygetsdivorced.

B.Youcrowoveritwhenyourschoolmategetsinjured.

C.You'redelightedwhenyourclassmatewinsacompetition.

D.You'repleasedwhenacelebritypracticesattentivelymeditation.

11.Whatistheauthor'spurposeofwritingthetext?

第4页，共23页

A.Toshowcelebrities'reallife.

B.Tointroducethefindingsofastudy.

C.Tostresstheimportanceofhappiness.

D.Tocorrectthenegativeattitudestootherpeople'ssufferings.

D

Oneofthemostdangerousinsectsyouneedtowatchoutforduringsummeris

mosquitoes.Butnomatterhowyoutrytoavoidthem,somenaturallyattractmosquitoes

morethanothers.

Oneofthemostimportantfactstorememberisthatmosquitoestrackpeopledownby

smellandbodyodour（气味）,accordingtoBartKnols,PhD，abiologistdevotedtothe

studyofmosquitoes.Thecarbondioxidepeoplebreatheout,alongwithchemicalsfromthe

skin,createsan"odourplumenthatmosquitoescandetectfromuptoalmost100feetaway.

"Eachpersongivesoffmorethan300chemicalsfromtheskin,morethan100inbreathing

out,'*Knolssays.

Thespecificmixturesontheskinthatmosquitoesrespondtovarybyspecies.Theyellow

fevermosquitoandAsiantigermosquito,forexample,respondwelltolacticacidfrom

skin.Africanmalariamosquitoesrespondtoamixoffattyacids,accordingtoKnols.Your

individualmixturesandsmellsdeterminehowmuchofamosquitoattractionyou

are,dependingonthemosquitospecies.Themixofchemicalsyouproduceisonlypartlyin

yourcontrol.Thesechemicalsdependonyourgeneticmake-up,healthcondition,diet,skin

pH,andsoon."Bacteriaontheskinbreakdownthemixturesthatwegiveoffthroughour

pores（毛孔）,andthesearetheattractivesmells,"Knolssays."Soitisnotactuallywe

thatdrawmosquitoes,butthebacteriaonourskin.”

Althoughthisisacomplexandpartlyunderstoodphenomenon,Knolssaysthatwedoall

haveauniquesmelLTherearemanyfolkstoriesaboutwhysomepeoplearemoreorless

attractivetomosquitoes.Somepeoplefalselythinkthebloodtypeisthecause?andothers

believetakingvitaminBoreatinggarlicmakespeoplelessattractivetomosquitoes——but

Knolsnotesthere'snoscientificdatabackinguptheseclaims.

12.Whatdowelearnfromthesecondparagraph?

A.Nobodycanavoidmosquitoesanyway.

B.Mosquitoescandetectpeoplebysmell.

C.Apersonbreathesoutover300chemicals.

D.Peoplefindmosquitoesannoyingandharmful.

13.Whydoestheauthortakeseveralkindsofmosquitoesforexample?

A.Towarnpeoplenottotouchmosquitoes.

B.Topersuadereaderstoprotecttheenvironment.

C.Tohelppeopledistinguishpoisonousmosquitoes.

D.Toshowhowdifferentmosquitoesreacttomixtures.

14.WhatattractsmosquitoesaccordingtoBartKnols?

A.Bacteriaontheskin.B.Specificbloodtype.

C.Smellsfromthehair.D.Chemicalsinthemouth.

15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Waystomakepeoplemoreandmoreattractive

B.Folkstoriesabouthowmosquitoesattackpeople

C.Thescientificreasonyouareamosquitoattraction

D.Differentattitudestowardmosquitoes

二、阅读七选五(本大题共5小题，共10.0分)

Veniceissufferingtheworstfloodingthecityhasexperiencedin50years.Thecityis"on

itsknees"andVenetianMayorLuigiBrugnarotweetedaswatersubmerged(淹没)much

ofthefamoushistoricalcity.

WhilefloodsareanormalpartoflifeinVenice,theyhaveneverhappenedwithsuch

frequencybefbre.Expertssaythatclimatechangeislikelytoblame.(1)TheVenetian

councilvotedagainstameasuretofightclimatechangejustafewmomentsbeforetheir

conferencehallflooded.

Floodingisjustoneofthemanyimpactsfromclimatechangethatgloballythreatens

manyvulnerable(脆弱的)areasandregions.Thereisathreatthatisnotoftenconsidered.

(2)Naturalandman-madeheritagesitesthroughouttheworldareindangerofbeing

damagedordestroyedbyclimatechange.

(3)Somewillbehitbyflooding,likeVenice,othersbyextremeweathereventsorrising

temperatures.Forinstance,GeorgeTown,thecapitaloftheMalaysianstatePenangfaces

risingsealevels,landslidesandmoreseveretyphoons,whileYellowstoneecosysteminthe

westernUnitedStatesfacesmeltingsnows,morefrequentwildfiresandachanging

第6页，共23页

ecosystem.

Changesintheoceanwillhaveaprofoundimpactonmanyofthesesites.(4)Andrising

sealevelsthreatentowashawaymanyoftheworld'sgreatarchaeologicalsites.

Expertssaythatthesolutionstosavingthesesiteswillbevaried,butmanywillbevery

expensive.(5)

A.Differentwayscanbeadoptedtosavethesesites.

B.Climatechangewillimpactthesesitesindifferentways.

C.Itisthedamagefromclimatechangetotheworld'sheritage.

D.HowtosurviveintheseareashasbecomeanissueforItalians.

E.However,puttinginplaceprotectivemeasureshasprovendifficult.

F.WarmingwaterthreatenstokillmuchofthecoralintheGreatBarrierReef.

G.Therefore,theysuggestthatcountriesshouldworktogethertoprotectheritagesites.

16.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

17.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

18.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

19.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

20.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.

EF.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大题共20小题，共30.0分)

WhenIdecidedtoleavemyhomecountryofIrantopursueaPhDinCanada,!hadn't

expectedthatcommunicationwouldbeanissue.InFarsi,Iwasa(n)⑵)speaker.Ihad

takenEnglishlessonsinmy20sandscoredwellontheEnglishtestforuniversity(22).

Butsoonaftermy(23)intheEnglish-speakingworld,!realizedhowwrongIwas.NowI

hadtobecarefulanddeliberate.!neededto(24)andsimultaneously(同时地)followthe

conversation.!neededto(25)itintomynativelanguage,reflectandgeneratethoughtsand

ideasin(26),andfindtherightEnglishwordsandputthemintherightorderto(27).Ihad

ahardtimeremainingpresentandfocusedin(28),becauseIwasconstantlythinkingabout

whatIwouldsaynext.Igraduallyturnedinwardand(29),particularlywhensurroundedby

nativeEnglishspeakers.AndIworriedaboutmyfuture.(30),effectivecommunicationin

Englishiscriticaltobeingincludedandrecognizedinmany(31)andprofessional

operations.

Later,1(32)tosayexactlywhatImeantindiscussionsoverandoveragain.Suddenly,a

simpleidea(33)tome：whynot(34)thediscussioninwriting,inanemailtomycolleagues?

Thatsmalladjustmentwasagamechanger,becausewritinggaveme(35)toreflectand

comfortably(36)mypointsinEnglish.

Imadea(37)ofsittingatmycomputerandputtingmyFarsithoughtsintoEnglish

words,takingmytimeto(38)clearsentenceswithaccuratevocabularyand(39).Withsome

effortsandawillingheart,!grewmore(40)withoralcommunication,whichrevivedmy

spirits.

21.A.concreteB.effectiveC.absurdD.considerate

22.A.researchB.investigationC.projectD.admission

23.A.travelB.sightC.arrivalD.education

24.A.eventuallyB.fluentlyC.randomlyD.consciously

25.A.translateB.breakC.developD.speak

26.A.reliefB.vainC.responseD.case

27.A.communicateB.spellC.applyD.stress

28.A.textsB.conversationsC.conductsD.actions

29.A.passiveB.delightedC.thrilledD.passionate

30.A.OrelseB.InallC.IntimeD.Afterall

31.A.briefB.rigidC.moralD.academic

32.A.decidedB.tendedC.failedD.tried

33.A.occurredB.objectedC.referredD.adapted

34.A.putonB.setdownC.getthroughD.contributeto

35.A.challengeB.timeC.thoughtD.passion

36.A.conveyB.acceptC.seekD.persuade

37.A.trainingB.copyC.noteD.practice

38.A.accountB.discoverC.makeD.expose

39.A.pronunciationB.grammarC.plotsD.characters

第8页，共23页

40.A.comfortableB.curiousC.disappointedD.concerned

四、语法填空(本大题共1小题，共15・0分)

41.TheChinesespendanaverageofthreehoursadayontheirsmartphones,(1)(rank)

secondintheworldafterBrazilians(2)spendtwoadditionalhoursontheir

phones,accordingtoasurveybyaGermanInternetcompany.Smartphonesallowpeople

⑶(order)food,callataxi,shoponlineandmanagewealth.However,withsuch

convenience(4)(come)overuse.

ThesurveyfoundthatBraziliansspendthemosttimeontheirsmartphones,aboutfive

hoursaday,(5)(follow)byChinese.PeopleintheUnited

StatesJtaly,Spain,Canada,andtheUnitedKingdomspendmorethantwohoursadayon

theirmobilephones.

Lastyear,asurveyof1,000childrenrangingfromages0-5(6)(show)that80.4%of

childrenusesmartphones,andmorethanhalfoftheirparentsbelieve(7)mobilephones

puttheirchildrenatease.

Fearofmissingoutcontributestothehighamountofphonechecking.Thelackofleisure

activitiesisthemainreason(8)Chinesepeople'ssmartphoneaddiction.Offlineactivities

inChina,suchassports,travel,artshows,andreadingarenotaspopularastheyareinother

countriesandregions.Thoughsmartphonesbringentertainmentandconvenience,theycan

havenegative(9)(effect)onhealth.Staringatascreenforalongperiodoftimecan

causeeyeorspinedamage.Smartphonesarealso(10)(associate)withlowerqualityof

sleepandhighbloodpressure.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

五、短文改错（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）

42.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文

中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删

除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（A）,并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词.

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Iwasnervousonthefirstdayofmynewschool.Iarrivedatschoolearlyandseemany

studentsweregettingoffthebus.AsIwalkedintomyclassroom,mynewclassmatessat

quietlyintheirseat.Later,ourteacherwalkedintowithoutasmile.Shelookedatvery

serious.Sheaskedustointroduceourselvessothatwecouldgetknowoneanother.Onceit

wasmyturn,myheartbeatfast,andIcouldn'tthinkofsomething.Finally,!findthe

courage.!startedtotalkaboutmyfamilyandmyhobbies.Then,myclassmatesaskedme

somequestions.Afterclass,someofthemtoldmethatImadethewonderfulspeech.Ifelta

littlemorerelaxing.

六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）

43.假定你是李华，准备周末带你的英国朋友Merry参观少林寺。请你写封邮件告知她

这次旅行的相关事项，内容包括：

1.会合时间与地点；

2.行程安排。

注意：

1.词数100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

DearMerry,

Yourssincerely,

LiHua

第10页，共23页

答案和解析

1.【答案】

[小题1]A【小题2】A【小题3】D

【解析】（1）A.细节理解题。根据CritterChat部分"LearnaboutsomeoftheGrandCanyon's

diversewildcreatureswhosurvivehereinthisplaceofextremechangesinexposureand

climate."（了解大峡谷中的各种野生动物,它们生活在这个暴露和气候极端变化的地方。）

可知，在该项目中参与者可以了解现存多种野生生物。故选A项。

（2）A.细节理解题。根据GeologyWalk部分"LearnhowtheGrandCanyonformedwhile

exploringYavapaiGeologyMuseumduringthisshortintroductorytalk."（在这个简短的介

绍性演讲中，了解大峡谷是如何形成的，同时探索雅瓦派地质博物馆。）可知，在该项

目中参与者可以在YavapaiGeologyMuseum了解大峡谷的相关信息。故选A项。

（3）D.推理判断题。根据GuidedCedarRidgeHike部分"Allow4hours.Minimum2liters

ofwaterperperson.Bringsaltysnacks,sunscreen,andwearhikingshoes.Notrecommendedfor

peoplewithheartproblems,ordifficultywalking."（留出4小时。每人至少喝2升水。带上

咸点心、防晒霜，穿上登山鞋。不建议有心脏问题或行走困难的人参与。）可知，该项

目有一些特殊要求，参与者需要准备一些必需品，一些有健康问题的人不能参加。故选

D项。

这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了大峡谷国家公园的护林员计划。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找

出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有

据。

4.【答案】

【小题1】A【小题2】B【小题3】C【小题4】C

【解析】（1）A.细节理解题。根据第一段"Shebecametheyouthpoetlaureate（获奖

者）ofLosAngelesatage16in2014andthefirstnationalyouthpoetlaureatethreeyears

later."（2014年，她16岁时成为洛杉矶青年桂冠诗人，三年后成为第一位全国青年桂冠

诗人。）可知，2014年，16岁的Gorman成为洛杉矶的青年诗人奖得主，三年后第一个

成为全国青年桂冠诗人。故选A项。

（2）B.细节理解题。根据第二段"Herloveforpoetrydatesatleastbacktothethirdgrade

whenherteacherreadRayBradbury'sDandelionWinetotheclass."（她对诗歌的热爱至少

可以追溯到三年级，当时她的老师给全班同学读了RayBradbury的。）

可知，老师在班上朗读RayBradbury的。时，Gorman就爱上了诗歌。故

选B项。

（3）C.推理判断题。根据最后一®："Thepoetsaysshedesirestopublishabook"inwhich

kidscouldseethemselvesaschange-makersinhistory,ratherthanjustobservers"."（这位诗

人说，她希望出版一本书”让孩子们把自己看作历史上的变革者，而不仅仅是观察者"。）

可知，Gorman想出版一本书，鼓励孩子们去做世界的改变者。故选C项。

（4）C.标题归纳题。根据第四段"ForGorman,writingbecameacure."Iusedwritingasa

formofselfexpressiontogetmywordonthepage.SothemoreIrecitedoutloud,themoreI

wasabletoteachmyselfhowtopronouncetheseletterswhichforsolonghadbeenmygreatest

obstacle."（对戈尔曼来说，写作成了一剂良药。"我把写作作为一种自我表达的形式，

把我的话写在纸上。所以，我越大声地背诵，我就越能教会自己如何发音这些字母，这

些字母长期以来一直是我最大的障碍。）通读全文，文章主要讲述Gorman用写作克服

了她语言发音上的障碍，并取得成就的事迹，所以"Gorman用写作来克服语言障碍”可

以作为文章标题。故选C项。

这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Gorman用写作克服了她语言发音上的障碍，并取得了

成就。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑

关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章

未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作

者观点。

8.【答案】

【小题1】D【小题2】A【小题3】C【小题4】D

第12页，共23页

【解析】（1）D.细节理解题。根据第一段"Butwhatdoesbringhappiness?Oneofthekeys

involveslearningtofullyattendtoandenjoythepresentmoment-notjustlearningthisas

information,but,throughpractice,developingtheskilloflivingmindfullyinthismoment1'（但

是什么能带来幸福呢？其中一个关键是学会充分关注和享受当下，不仅仅是把它当作信

息来学习，而是通过实践，培养在当下用心生活的技能。）可知，学会关注和享受当下，

我们才能快乐。故选D项。

（2）A.段落大意题。根据第二段"Otherkeystohappinessinvolvedevelopingtheskillof

compassion（同情）andlovingkindness."（幸福的其他关键包括培养同情心和仁爱的

技能。）可知，作者在本段主要讲述同情心和仁爱。故选A项。

（3）C.推理判断题。根据第三段"Sympatheticjoyistheexactoppositeofschadenfreude-with

sympatheticjoy,wegetjoyfromthejoyofothers.'1（同情的快乐与幸灾乐祸完全相反，有

了同情带来的快乐，我们能从他人的快乐中获得快乐。）可知，有了同情带来的快乐，

我们就能从别人的快乐中获得快乐，所以“当你的同学赢得比赛时，你也会感到高兴”符

合题意。故选C项。

（4）D.写作目的题。根据第一段"Whydopeoplelongforcelebritynews?Atleastsomeof

thehungercentersaroundschadenfreude-havingjoyfromthesufferingofothers."（为什么人

们渴望名人新闻？至少有些人的饥饿感是以幸灾乐祸为中心的一从别人的痛苦中获得

快乐o）根据第一段"Butwhatdoesbringhappiness?Oneofthekeysinvolveslearningto

fullyattendtoandenjoythepresentmoment-notjustlearningthisasinformation,but,through

practice,developingtheskilloflivingmindfullyinthismoment."（但是什么能带来幸福呢？

其中一个关键是学会充分关注和享受当下，不仅仅是把它当作信息来学习，而是通过实

践，培养在当下用心生活的技能。）根据第二段"Otherkeystohappinessinvolvedeveloping

theskillofcompassion（同情）andlovingkindness.',（幸福的其他关键包括培养同情心

和仁爱的技能。）通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了什么才是真正的快乐，纠正了某些人

对别人幸灾乐祸的心态，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是为了纠正对别人痛苦的消极态度。

故选D项。

这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了什么才是真正的快乐，纠正了某些人对别人幸卖乐祸的心

态。

1.直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原

文基本一致的题目。

2.间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，

做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。

3.综合信息题：综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是

原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来

分析。

12.【答案】

【小题1】B【小题2】D【小题3】A【小题4】C

【解析】（1）B.推理判断题。根据第二段

"Oneofthemostimportantfactstorememberisthatmosquitoestrackpeopledownbysmell

andbodyodour（气味），accordingtoBartKnols,PhD,

abiologistdevotedtothestudyofmosquitoes."（据致力于研究蚊子的生物学家巴特诺尔

斯博士说，要记住的最重要的事实之一是蚊子通过嗅觉和体味追踪人类。）可知，蚊子

通过嗅觉来追踪人。故选B。

（2）D.推理判断题。根据第三段

"Thespecificmixturesontheskinthatmosquitoesrespondtovarybyspecies."（蚊子对皮

肤上的特定混合物的反应因物种而异。）可知，作者以几种蚊子为例，说明不同的蚊子

对皮肤上的特定混合物反应不同。故选D。

（3）A.细节理解题。根据第三段

"Bacteriaontheskinbreakdownthemixturesthatwegiveoffthroughourpores（毛孔），

andthesearetheattractivesmells,"Knolssays."Soitisnotactuallywethatdrawmosquitoes

,butthebacteriaonourskin."（诺尔斯说："皮肤上的细菌会分解我们通过毛孔散发出的

混合物，而这些正是诱人的气味。因此，吸引蚊子的不是我们，而是我们皮肤上的细菌。

"）可知，吸引蚊子的是人皮肤上的细菌，这些细菌分解皮肤上的人体分泌物，产生吸

引蚊子的气味。故选A。

（4）C.标题归纳题。根据第一段

"Oneofthemostdangerousinsectsyouneedtowatchoutforduringsummerismosquitoes.B

utnomatterhowyoutrytoavoidthem,somenaturallyattractmosquitoesmorethanothers."

（夏天你需要注意的最危险的昆虫-就是蚊子。但无论你如何避免它们，有些人比其他

人更容易吸引蚊子。）以及下文主要介绍了人们吸引蚊子的原因，所以“你被蚊子吸引

的科学原因"可以作为文章标题。故选C。

这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人们吸引蚊子的原因。

第14页，共23页

1.直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原

文基本一致的题目。2.间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言

表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。3.综合信息题：综合信息题

是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在

文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。

16.【答案】

【小题1】E【小题2】C【小题3】B【小题4】F【小题5】G

【解析】（1）E.细节理解题。根据前文"Expertssaythatclimatechangeislikelytoblame.

（专家说气候变化可能是罪魁祸首。）”可知，应采取措施应对气候变化；结合后文“The

Venetiancouncilvotedagainstameasuretofightclimatechangejustafewmomentsbefore

iheirchamberflooded.（就在他们的会议厅被淹没的前几分钟，威尼斯议会投票反对一项

应对气候变化的措施。）”可知，实施应对气候变化的措施很困难。E选项"However,putting

inplaceprotectivemeasureshasprovendifficult（但事实证明，潜实保护

措施是困难的）”符合题意，前后文形成的转折关系对应选项中的转折词but。故选E。

（2）C.细节理解题。根据前文"Thereisathreatthatisnotoftenconsidered.（存在一种不

常被考虑的威胁。）"及后文"Naturalandman-madeheritagesitesthroughouttheworldarein

dangerofbeingdamagedordestroyedbyclimatechange.（全世界的自然和人造遗产都面临

着被气候变化破坏的危险。）”可知，这就是气候变化对世界遗产的破坏，C选项isthe

damagefromclimatechangetotheworld'sheritage（