（教师版）第八章 非谓语动词精讲与精练

第八章非谓语动词精讲与精练一、非谓语动词讲前练：用所给单词的适当形式或用适当的单词（1个）填空Letchildrenlearn[1]_________(judge)theirownwork.Achild[2]___________(learn)totalkdoesnotlearnby[3]_______________(correct)allthetime;if[4]___________(correct)toomuch,hewillstop[5]__________(talk).Henoticesathousandtimesadaythedifferencebetweenhislanguageandothers’language.Bitbybit,hemakestherightchanges[6]___________(make)hislanguagelikeotherpeople’s.Inthesameway,childrenlearntodoalltheotherthings.Theylearntotalk,run,climb,rideabicycleby[7]___________(compare)theirownbehaviorswiththoseofmore[8]_________(skill)people,andslowlymakethe[9]________(need)changes.Butinschoolteachersnevergiveachildachance[10]___________(find)outhismistakesforhimself,evenfewerchancesforhim[11]___________(correct)himself.Theydoitallforhim.Teachersactasifthestudentwouldfail[12]_________(notice)amistakeiftheydidnotpointitouttohim.Theyactasifthestudentwouldnevercorrectitunless[13]__________(make)to.Soonhe[14]____________(become)dependentontheteacher.Soweshouldlethim[15]_______(realize)hisownmistakesandworkoutwhattheansweristothatproblemwiththehelpofotherchildren.Key:1.tojudge2.learning 3.beingcorrected 4.corrected5.talking 6.tomake7.comparing8.skilled 9.needed 10.tofind11.tocorrect12.tonotice 13.made 14.becomes15.realize二、非谓语动词考点精讲：非谓语动词考点1、谓语动词与非谓语动词的判定利用动词的形式判断谓语动词与非谓语动词。各时态的谓语动词的形式(见时态语态一章),注意:情态动词+do是谓语动词的一种形式非谓语动词：todo/doing/doneEG:Wheniceisheated,itcanturnintowater.Heated,icecanturnintowater.Thechildrenareworkinghardonthefarm,singingandlaughing.一个句子中，已经出现谓语动词又没有连词的情况下。还有别的动词出现时，需要用非谓语动词。EG:Themantookoutthekey,openedthedoorandenteredtheroom.Thequestiondiscussedatthemeetingyesterdayisofgreatimportance.考点对练1:判断下列划线动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词Wefoundthegirlsittinginthearmchair.Thestudentswentintothehall,followingtheirteacher.Themeetingheldyesterdaywasofgreatimportance.Shesatatthewindow,readingamagazine.Workhardandyouwillsucceed.非谓语动词考点2、非谓语动词的逻辑主语1、非谓语动词虽然不作谓语，但依然保留着动词的特征，就是动词表示的动作一定有“执行者”，及物动词表达的动作会有一个“承受者”。非谓语动作的执行者和承受者就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语或宾语。比如：EG：Wewillhavemanydifficultproblemstodealwith.我们会有许多棘手问题需要处理。（Todealwith的执行者（逻辑主语）是句子主语we，承受者（宾语）是problems）EG：Theproblemtobedealtwithishowwecangetthetextbooks.（Tobedealtwith的承受者theproblems变成了逻辑主语,由于不定式用的是被动形式，因此没有宾语）2、如何确定非谓语动词的逻辑主语①非谓语动词在句子里作“状语”时，它的逻辑主语就是句中主语。EG：Notknowingwhattodonext,wewenttotheteacherforhelp.因为不知道下一步怎么办，我们去求助老师。（作原因状语的非谓语动词短语（notknowingwhattodonext）的逻辑主语（执行者）是句子主语we）②非谓语动词在句子里作“定语”时，它的逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词或代词。EG：Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisourlibrary.③非谓语动词在句子里作宾语补足语时，它的逻辑主语就宾语。EG:Whenweentertheclassroom,wefoundTomseatedonhischair.非谓语动词考点3、非谓语动词的时态语态及其基本性质非谓语形式时态（主动）时态（被动）表达的时间概念不定式todotobedone将来（即动作发生在主句动作之后）tobedoing正在进行（与主句动作同时发生）tohavedonetohavebeendone过去（即动作发生在主句动作之前）现在分词动名词doingbeingdone正在进行（与主句动作同时发生）havingdonehavingbeendone过去（即动作发生在主句动作之前）过去分词done过去（即动作发生在主句动作之前）例如：EG1:Hehopetofinishreadingthebooktonight.EG2:Shepretendedtobereadingwhentheteachercamein.EG3:Hepretendedtohaveforgottentheconversationthatnight.他假装已经忘记了那晚的对话。EG4:Itisimpossibleforhimtobeappointed.他不可能被任命。EG5:Theystoodbytheroadsidetalkingabouttheplan.他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。EG6:Nothavingreceivedareply,hedecidedtowriteagain.没有收到答复他决定再写一遍EG7:Thebuildingbeingbuiltisournewteachingbuilding.EG8:Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisoursciencebuilding.非谓语动词考点4、非谓语动词其它常考考点只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语mind（介意），escape（逃脱），miss（想念，错过），enjoy（喜欢），practise（练习），prevent（预防），dislike(不喜欢)，admit（承认），suggest（建议）=advise=recommend，keep（保持），consider（考虑），can’thelp(情不自禁)，can’tstand(不能忍受)，risk（冒险），resist（抵抗，反对），giveup(放弃)，avoid（避免），appreciate（欣赏），finish（完成），imagine(想象)记忆口诀：memep喜欢承认skrgafi(谐音：妹妹不喜欢承认吃颗粒咖啡)只接todo做宾语的动词或短语hope（希望）,want（想）,offer（主动提出做...，提供）,long（渴望）,fail（失败，未能做...）,expect（期待）,wish(希望),ask（要求）,decide（决定）,pretend（假装）,manage（成功设法做.....）,agree(同意),afford（负担得起）,determine（决定）,promise（承诺）,happen（碰巧），refuse(拒绝)seem/appear(似乎)Sth.need/want/require（需要）+doing(某物需要被…)=Sth.need/want/require（需要）+tobedoneEG:Theclassroomneedscleaning=Theclassroomneedstobecleaned.同一动词后接to与doing的不同用法todo和doing做宾语意义相反stoptodo停止手中所做的事，去做另一件事stopdoing停止正在做的事意义不同remember/forget/regrettodo记得/忘记/很遗憾要做…（指动作尚未发生）remember/forget/regretdoing记得/忘记/后悔做过…（指动作已经发生）goontodo（接着做另外一件事）goondoing（接着做同一件事）trytodo（设法，努力去做，尽力）trydoing（试试去做，看有何结果）meantodo（打算做，企图做）meandoing（意思是，意味着）can’thelp（to）do（不能帮忙做）can’thelpdoing（忍不住要做）consider…tobe认为是considerdoing考虑做某事非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别：常见动词搭配含义与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念例句ask,beg,expect,order,tell,allow,invitewant,wish,encourage…+sb.todo要求、乞求、希望、命令、告诉、想要、希望、鼓励…某人做某事主动关系。强调动作将发生TheteacherencouragedhimtotryhisbesttolearnEnglishwell.makelethave+sb.do使/让某人做某事主动关系。do前省略to,用在被动语态中，to要用上WhynotmakeTomdothejobforyou?Heoftenmakeshissistercrybuttodayheismadetocrybyher.+sb.doing使/让某人一直做某事主动关系。Whilewashingyourhands,don’tmakethewaterrunningallthetime.+sb/sth.done使/让某人/物被…被动关系I’llhavemyhousepaintednextweek.seenoticewatchobservehear…+sb.do看见…某人经常做某事/某人做了某事主动关系。do前省略to,用在被动语态中，to要用上Weoftenhearhimsingthesamesong.+sb.doing看见某人正在做某事主动关系。Whentheteachercamein,hesawJackplayinggames.+sb./sth.done看见某人/物被…被动关系Thismorning,Isawanoldmanknockeddownbyacar.find+sb.doing发现某人正在做某事主动关系Ifoundherlisteningtotheradio.+sb./sth.done发现某人/物被…被动关系Wefoundthevillagegreatlychanged.Leave/keepsb./sth.doing让某人/物持续做某事主动关系I’msorrytokeepyouwaitingforsolong.不定式的复合结构①forsb.todosth.EG:Itisnecessaryfortodosomethingforprotectingtheenvironment.②ofsb.todosth.(如果不定式前面的形容词说明不定式表示的动作的执行者的特性时，其逻辑主语常用of引出。此类形容词常见的有:kind,nice,good,polite,rude,patient,careful,wise,clever,selfish,cruel等)EG:Itwascruelofthemtoeatrarewildanimals.but/excepttodosth.除了做...之外(当but/except前出现行为动词do的适当形式时，to通常省略)EG:Mybrothercoulddonothingbutwaitforthedoctortoarrive.其它非谓语动词常考的句型①only

to

do

sth.

(一个较为特殊的结果状语，只限于表到意想不到的而且令人沮丧或失望的结果。如：

He

came

back

from

the

USA

hurriedly

only

to

find

his

girlfriend

got

married

to

another

guy.)②It’s

a

waste

of

time

doing

sth.

做....是浪费时间It’s（no）fun

doing

sth.

做....（没）有趣It’s

no

good

doing

sth.做....没有好处It’sno

use

doing

sth.

做……是没有用的be

worth

doing

sth.....是值得(被)做EG:Itisnogoodobjecting.反对也没有用。EG:Itisagreatfunplayingfootball.踢足球很有趣。EG:Itisawasteoftimetryingtoexplain.设法解释是浪费时间。③spend/wastetime(in)doingsth.花/浪费时间做某事havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth.做某事有困难④feellike+名词/动名词：“想要”=wouldliketo+原形动词EG:Doyoufeellikegoingtoamovie?你想看电影吗?⑤bebusydoing忙着做…EG:Iambusywritingmythesis.我正忙着写论文。⑥独立成分generallyspeaking一般说来；franklyspeaking坦白地说；judgingfrom/by...根据……来判断；comparedwith/to....与....相比considering.../oconsideration考虑到……；totellyouthetruth说实话；tobehonest说实话；考点应考技巧：要分清句子结构，判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。要分清非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系是主动还是被动，同时要弄清非谓语动词所表达的时间概念。要牢记固定搭配与句型结构。六、考点精练(一)单句语法填空1.【2021·全国甲卷】Itispossible43(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.Key:考查动词不定式。此处为句型“it+be+adj+todosth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填towalk。【(2021·全国乙卷】Activitiesthererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(远足)andaccommodationsaim70(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.Key:考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定短语aimtodo译为“旨在，目的是”。故填tohave。3.【2021·新高考Ⅰ卷】Butthat’shownatureis—alwaysleavingus60(astonish).Key:考查过去分词转换过来的形容词。句意：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave+宾语+宾语补足语”，补充说明宾语us的感受，应用-ed结尾形容词。故填astonished。【2021·新高考Ⅰ卷】Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain,stillithighlightsthewholeadventureandoffersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyour63(ache)legs.Key:句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知，此处应用现在分词aching“正在疼痛的”修饰名词legs，意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。【2021·浙江高考卷】Mary'ssister,FrancesToddWallace,oftencameover43（plant）flowersinthefrontyard.Key:考查动词不定式。句意：玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝·托德·华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语；根据句意可知，此处是目的状语；目的状语用动词不定式表示；提示词plant的不定式形式为toplant。故填toplant。【2020·全国Ⅰ卷】ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChange-466(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.Key:tofind。考查动词不定式。根据句子结构可知,此空处是非谓语动词。结合句意可知,此处用不定式表示目的。6.【2020•全国Ⅱ卷】Theyrepresenttheearth63.(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.

Key：coming。考查非谓语动词。represent表示“代表”,后面接动名词的复合结构作宾语,此处指它们代表大地复苏以及对新的开始的美好祝愿。7.【2020•全国Ⅱ卷】Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes65.(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.

Key：decorated。考查非谓语动词。此处是“see+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。them作see的宾语,指代橘树,和decorate之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词decorated作宾语补足语。8.【2020•全国Ⅱ卷】Theyareeasy68.(care)forandmakegreatpresents.

Key：tocare。考查非谓语动词。“主语(具体的人或物)+be+形容词+动词不定式”是一个固定句型,表示主语的特征,其中动词不定式只能用主动形式。此句型可以转换成it(形式主语)+be+形容词+动词不定式。【2020•全国Ⅲ卷】Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout67(find)thewell-knownpainter.Key:tofind。考查非谓语动词。setout开始,着手,出发。表达的是主语的目的和行为,应填todo不定式,即tofind。【2020•全国Ⅲ卷】Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds69(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.Key:surrounding。考查非谓语动词，根据and可知前后为两个非谓语动词并列,与rising一致,作宾语补足语，与宾语clouds是主动关系，故用surrounding。【2020·新高考Ⅰ卷】Visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模拟)andimaginethemlivingatadifferenttimeinhistoryor43(walk)througharainforest.Key:walking考查imagine(sb.)doing的用法,同时有考查了并列结构。【2019·全国卷Ⅰ】Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive64(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.Key:toperform。考查动词不定式。本句为主系表结构,后常跟不定式作状语。【2019·全国卷Ⅱ】Whenwegotacall69(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwasajoke.Key:saying。考查非谓语动词。结合句意分析句子结构可知(say)shewasshort-listed作定语修饰前面的名词call,且与call之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,故使用v.-ing形式。

【2018•全国卷Ⅱ】Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice________(improve)waterquality.Key:toimprove【2018•全国卷Ⅱ】China'sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile________

(feed)itscitizens"offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide."saysthebank'sJuergenVoegele.Key:feeding【2018•全国卷Ⅲ】Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid________(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn'tfeelchallenged.Key:looking【】2018•全国卷Ⅲ】Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme________

(stay)andwatch.Key:tostay【2018•浙江】Istillremember________(visit)afriendwho'dlivedhereforfiveyearsandI________(shock)whenIlearntshehadn'tcookedonceinallthattime.Key:visiting/wasshocked【2018·北京改编】_________(travel)alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.Key:traveling【2018·北京改编)6.DuringtheMid-AutumnFestival,familymembersoftengathertogether_________(share)ameal,admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes.Key:toshare【2018·北京改编】Ordinarysoap,______(use)correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.Key:used【2018·天津改编】Ididn'tmean___________(eat)anythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn’thelp_______(try)it.Key:toeat/trying【2018·天津改编】IneedanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotographs_________(take).Key:taken【2018·江苏改编】Around

13,500

new

jobs

were

created

during

the

period,_______(exceed)the

expected

numberof12,000held

bymarket

analysts.Key:exceeding(超出/过)【2017·天津卷改编】Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,_____(allow)morepatientstobetreated.Key:allowing【2017·天津改编】Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatrain______(catch).Key:tocatch【2017·江苏卷改编】ManyChinesebrands,_______(develop)theirreputationsovercenturies,arefacingnewchallengesfromthemodernmarket.Key:havingdeveloped【2017·北京卷改编】Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonline______(save)theirvaluabletime.Key:tosave【2017·北京卷改编】Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,_______(range)frombutterfliestoelephants.Key:ranging【2017·北京卷】Jimhasretired,buthestillrememberthehappytime_______(spend)withhisstudents.Key:spent【2016·北京】________(make)iteasiertogetintouchwithus,you’dbetterkeepthiscardathand.Key:Tomake(二)单句改错练习（每句至多两处错误）1.【2021年全国甲卷】Theiranswersalsoshowthattheydisliketalktoothers.Key:考查非谓语动词。dislikedoingsth.表示不喜欢做某事。故talk改为talking。2.【2021年全国乙卷】Ialsowatertheflowersintheyardandtidyingupmyownbedroomwhatevernecessary.Key:考查谓语动词与非谓语动词，此处混淆了谓语动词与非谓语动词。根据句中的and可知，water和tidy应为并列动作，都是谓语动词，所以动词形式应该保持一致。故把tidying改为tidy。3.【2020·全国卷I】Mymomtoldmehowtopreparingit.Key:考查非谓语动词。句意：我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知，“how+不定式”作told的宾语，to是不定式符号，后应接动词原形，故将preparing改为prepare。4.【2020·全国卷I】Ilikeeatingfryingtomatoeswitheggs,andIthoughtitmustbeeasytocook.Key:考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。tomatoes与fry之间是被动关系，所以此处应用过去分词作定语，故将frying改为fried。5.【2020·全国卷III】Itellmymomthatifwe’reforcedeatthings,wemaybecomeill.Key:句意：我告诉我妈妈，如果我们被迫吃东西，我们可能会生病。beforcedtodosth.被迫做某事，所以forced后面加to。6.【2019·全国卷III】IfIsucceedinmanageone,Iwillopenmore.Key:考查动词的固定搭配。succeedindoingsomething“成功的做了某事”。故把manage改为managing。7.【2019·全国卷III】Iwantmycafehaveaspecialthemesuchaslike"TangDynasty".Key:考查动词的固定搭配。wantsbtodosth“想要某人做某事”。故在have前加to。8.【2018•卷Ⅰ】Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellthefish.Key:sell--selling【2018•卷Ⅱ】Asakid,Ilovedtowatchcartoons,butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchingthem,myparentswouldnottoletme.Key:watching--watch/划掉to【2018•卷Ⅲ】Everyonewassilent,waittoseewhowouldbecalledupontoreadhisandherparagraphaloud.Key:wait--waiting【2017·全国卷Ⅰ】Theinstructorkeptrepeatingtheword,“Speedup！”“Slowdown！”“Turningleft！”key:turning--Turn【2017·全国卷Ⅱ】Whensummercame，theywillinvitetheirstudentspickthefreshvegetables!Key:pick前加to【2016年全国卷Ⅱ】MyClassmatesandIaretalkingabouthowtododuringtheholiday.Wecanchosebetweenstayingathomeandtakeatrip.key:how--whattake--taking【2016年全国卷Ⅲ】IshowedthemIwasindependentbywearstrangeclothes.Key:wear--wearing【2015年浙江卷】Ienjoyedsitclosetothewindowsandlookingattheview.Key:sit--sitting【2015年四川】It'sbeenamonthsinceIcametothisnewschoolandIreallywantsharewithyousomeoftheproblemsIhavebeenexperiencing.Key:want后加to【2015年全国Ⅱ】Afterlooksatthetoyforsometime,heturnedaroundandfoundwherehisparentsweremissing.key:looks--looking/where--that【2015年陕西】“Imighthavetoretireagainnextyearjustgetsomemoreofthesebiscuits.”key:get前加to【2014年全国卷II】Allofusneedfriendship.Theunderstanding betweentwofriendsmeanbothofthemhavesimilarideasandtrustingeachother.Key:trusting--trust【2014年四川】Don’tpanicorgetoutofline,andtryingtoremainquietand