中国科学院博士英语真题2006年

中国科学院真题2006年(总分100,考试时间90分钟)PartⅠVocabulary

Directions:Choosethewordorexpressionbeloweachsentencethatbestcompletesthestatement,andmarkthecorrespondingletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.1.

Theproblemisthatmostlocalauthoritieslackthe______todealsensiblyinthismarket.A

anticipationB

perceptionC

prospectD

expertise该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:0.5答案:Danticipation预期，预料；perception理解，感觉，领悟；prospect景色，前景，前途；expertise专家的意见，专门技术。在和句子中todealsensibly(聪明地，明智地)inthismarket的搭配上，只有expertise符合。2.

Awardsprovidea(n)______foryoungpeopletoimprovetheirskills.A

incentiveB

initiativeC

fugitiveD

captive该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:0.5答案:Aincentive刺激，诱因，动机；initiative主动，首创精神，进取心，如：taketheinitiative(采取主动)；fugitive逃亡者；captive指“俘虏”。根据句子大意，正确选项应是incentive。3.

Theprofitmotiveisinherently______withprinciplesoffairnessandequity.A

inlineB

intradeC

attimesD

atodds该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:0.5答案:D分析句子的内在逻辑关系：发现利润动机和公平原则从本质上来看是矛盾的，单纯追求利润的行为势必会破坏公平竞争的原则。故选atodds(争执，不同意，意见不一致)。其他选项：inline成一直线，一致，有秩序；intrade做生意；attimes有时，不时。4.

Oilisderivedfromthe______ofmicroscopicseacreatures,andisevenolder,accordingtomostgeologists.A

layoutsB

remindersC

remainsD

leftovers该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:0.5答案:Clayouts规划，设计，(书刊等)版面；reminders提醒的人，提醒；remains剩余，残存，遗体；leftovers剩余物，残留物，一般指“剩饭”。根据句子大意，只有remains符合。5.

Successfulstudentssometimesbecomeso______withgradesthattheyneverenjoytheirschoolyears.A

passionateB

involvedC

immersedD

obsessed该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:0.5答案:Dpassionate是“充满热情的”，但搭配是tobepassionateabout...，不与with连用；involved可以与with连用组成beinvolvedwith，意思是“涉及”；immersed常与in连用，表示“沉浸于；沉溺于”；obsessed可以与with连用，在此符合句意。6.

Apparentlytherewere______betweenpolicereportstakenfromthesamewitnessesatdifferenttimes.A

distortionsB

discrepanciesC

disordersD

distractions该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:0.5答案:Bdistortions扭曲，变形；discrepancies相差，差异；disorders混乱，无秩序状态；distractions分心，分心的事物。根据句子大意，应该选discrepancies。7.

IthadbeenaterribleafternoonforJane,______ataboutsixo'clockinherfather'ssuddencollapseintounconsciousness.A

convergingB

culminatingC

finalizingD

releasing该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:0.5答案:Bconverge一般与by、on、upon等介词连用，表示“会聚于一点；使汇聚”；culminate是“达到顶点”，一般与in连用，表示“以……而终结，以……而达到顶峰；finalize是“把(计划、稿件等)最后定下来，定案”；release释放，解放，放弃，免除。只有culminating是正确选项。8.

The12-year-oldcivilwarhad______1.5millionlives.A

declaredB

proclaimedC

claimedD

asserted该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:0.5答案:Cdeclared断言，宣布，(向海关)申报进口应纳税之货物；proclaimed宣布，声明；claimed(根据权利)要求，声称，主张，在此符合本句的意思；asserted断言，声称。9.

Thetribehasagreedtocontribute2percentofnet______tocharitableactivitiesinthecounty.A

expensesB

revenuesC

budgetsD

payments该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:0.5答案:Bexpenses费用，代价；revenues收入，税收；budgets预算；payments付款，报酬。句子中的net一般与profit或revenues等同搭配，故选项revenues在此符合句子意思，所以选revenues。10.

Thiswillmakeschoolsmoledirectlyandeffectively______toparents,andmoreresponsivetotheircriticismsandwishes.A

accountableB

submittedC

subjectedD

available该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:0.5答案:Aaccountable有责任的，应负责的；submitted屈服的，降服的；subjected臣服的，隶属于……的；available可用到的，可利用的。根据句子的意思，应该选accountable。11.

Makeupyourmindthatwhatevertheshort-termtemptationsmaybe,youwillnever______fromthehigheststandardsofhonor.A

deviateB

escapeC

deriveD

refrain该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:0.5答案:A四个动词都可以与from搭配，但含义不一样。题干中whatever表示让步，“无论什么，不管什么”；deviate是“背离，偏离”，常与from连用，指偏离某种正常的状态；escape是“逃走”；refrain是“忍耐，自制以避免”。结合句子的大意，只有deviate是正确选项。12.

TheyteachthevocabularyoftheEnglishusedincomputerscience,whichisalsolisted______intheglossary.A

insumB

intotalC

ingeneralD

infull该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:0.5答案:Dinsum总而言之，大体上；intotal整个地(=asawhole)；ingeneral通常，一般而言；infull充足，全部地。根据句子大意应该选infull，在句子中表示“全部列出来了”。13.

Thisbringsafeelingofemptinessthatcanneverbefilledandleavesuswitha______formore.A

scarcityB

commandC

hungerD

request该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:0.5答案:Cscarcity缺乏，不足；command支配，指挥，精通；hunger渴望，渴求，常与for、after连用；request请求，要求。如arequestforhelp(请求帮助)。但在这里，request不能和leave搭配。根据句子的含义，只能选hunger。14.

Jobfairsareusuallyverylivelyandinformal,andyoucanroam______,surveyingwhatisonofferandgatheringliteratureonjobsyoumightnothaveconsideredintheeverydayrunofthings.A

atpeaceB

atleisureC

atrestD

atspeed该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:0.5答案:B句子中roam意为“漫游，闲逛，徜徉”。四个选项中，atpeace处于和平状态；atleisure空闲着，从容地；atrest安眠，长眠，静止；atspeed飞快地。只有atleisure能和roam(闲逛)搭配。15.

Theclosest______toEnglishandWelshgrammarschoolsarecalledgrammarsecondaryschools;theycan,however,acceptsomefee-payingpupils.A

equalityB

equationC

equivalentD

equity该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:0.5答案:Cequality平等，相等，等式；equation平衡，方程式，等式；equivalent等价物，相等物；equity公平，公正，资产净值。根据句意，选C。16.

Atfirsttheuniversityrefusedtopurchasethetelescope,butthisdecisionwas______revised.A

consecutivelyB

consequentlyC

successivelyD

subsequently该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:0.5答案:Dconsecutively连续的，依顺序的；consequently因此；successively连续地；subsequently后来，随后，只有D符合句意“……这一决议随后被修正”。17.

He______usasconsistentlyfairandaccurateabouttheissuesweareconcernedabout.A

confusesB

regardsC

strikesD

knocks该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:0.5答案:Cconfuse搞乱，使糊涂，误解(一个当成另一个)；regard看待；strike给以……印象，可以和as搭配使用，也符合句子的意思；knock是“敲打，(使)碰撞”，在这里搭配和含义上都不符合。18.

Thewaterwassoclearthatit______thetreesontheriverbank.A

shadowedB

shadedC

representedD

reflected该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:0.5答案:Dshadow投阴影于，使朦胧；shade遮蔽，使阴暗，意思和shadow差不多；represent表现，描绘；reflect反射，反映。根据句子的意思，reflected是正确答案。19.

Some121countriesmaybedesignated"developing",andofthis121,seventeencountries______morethanfour-fifthsofenergyconsumption.A

amounttoB

accountforC

addupD

takeaway该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:0.5答案:Bamountto总计，等于；accountfor除了表示“说明”以外，还可以表示“占……比例”；addup合计；takeaway取走，拿走。只有accountfor符合句子的含义。20.

Theresearchersfoundtheageatwhichyoungpeoplefirstfall______tobulliesseemstodeterminehowmuchitaffectsthem.A

sacrificeB

shortC

witnessD

victim该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:0.5答案:D四个名词选项中：sacrifice(牺牲)一般与make搭配；short可以与fall搭配，但一般是fallshortof的形式，意思是“不足，达不到(目标)，不符合”；witness证人，目击者，证词，一般不与fall搭配；victim受害人，牺牲者，可做fall的宾语。正确答案是victim。PartⅡCloze

Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesgivenbelow.

MarkthecorrespondingletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.

Giventhechoicebetweenspendinganeveningwithfriendsandtakingextratimeforhisschool-work,AndyKliseadmitshewouldprobably

(21)

forthelatter.It'snotthathedoesn'tliketohavefun;It'sjustthathisdesiretoexcel

(22)

driveshisdecision-makingprocess.

A2001graduateofWoosterHighSchoolandnowaseniorbiologymajoratTheCollegeofWooster,Kliseacknowledgesthathemaysomedayhave

(23)

thoughtsabouthisdecisiontolimitthetimehehasspent

(24)

,butfornow,heiscomfortablewiththechoiceshehasmade."Ifthingshadnot

(25)

outaswellastheyhave,Iwouldhavehadsomeregrets,"saysKlise,whowasaPhiBetaKappainducteeasajunior."Butspendingtheextratimestudyinghasbeenwellworththe

(26)

.Irealizedearlyonthattobesuccessful,Ihadtomakecertain

(27)

."

(28)

theoriginofhisintensemotivation,Klisenotesthatithasbeenpartofhismakeupforaslongashecanremember."I'vealwaysbeengoal

(29)

,"hesays."Thisinternaldrivehascausedmetogivemyall

(30)

prettymucheverythingIdo."

Klise

(31)

Wooster'snationallyrecognizedIndependentStudy(I.S.)programwithpreparinghimforhisnext

(32)

inlife:aresearchpositionwiththeNationalInstituteofHealth(NIH)."IamhopingthatmyI.S.experiencewillhelpme

(33)

aresearchpositionwithNIH,"saysKlise."Theyearlongprogramgivesstudentsachancetoworkwithsomeofthenation's

(34)

scientistswhilemakingthe

(35)

fromundergraduatetograduatestudiesoracareerinthemedicalfield."21.

A

intendB

preferC

optD

search该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:1答案:C考查动词与介词for的搭配。选项A通常和to搭配，但也可以和for搭配，意思是“(为……而)准备；预定”。选项B如果跟介词搭配只能跟to搭配，意思是“宁愿选择”。选项C既可以和to搭配(后接动词)，也可以跟for搭配(后接名词)，意思是“选择”。选项D可以与for搭配，意思是“寻找，探求”。22.

A

academicallyB

professionallyC

sociallyD

technically该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:1答案:A根据原文所谈到的两个选项娱乐和学习，“这倒不是因为他不喜欢玩；而是……有所超越的渴望驱使他做出了决定”，可以推断应该选“在学术方面”。23.

A

differentB

certainC

secondD

other该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:1答案:C哪一个与原文中的thoughts能构成固定搭配呢?只有选项C中的secondthoughts“重新的考虑”切合原文题意。24.

A

entertainingB

socializingC

enjoyingD

sporting该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:1答案:B考查动名词的词义辨析。原文第1句话中“与朋友共度一晚”提醒考生B．“交往”一词更符合文章的主题。25.

A

developedB

appearedC

occurredD

worked该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:1答案:D选项A“发展，成长”与from、into经常搭配。选项B、C通常不与介词搭配；选项D与out构成固定搭配，意思是“产生结果”。26.

A

investmentB

rewardC

paymentD

compensation该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:1答案:A分析原文“不过加班学习是值得……”可推断“投资”最切题意。27.

A

devotionsB

concessionsC

sacrificesD

attempts该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:1答案:C根据原文“想成功，我就必须做出一定的……”，可以推断“牺牲”最切题意。28.

A

BesidesB

AsforC

OutofD

Despite该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:1答案:B根据题意“……他这种强烈的动机是怎么来的，他说这种动机在他的记忆中就是他品质的一部分”，可以推断“至于”最切题意。29.

A

directedB

orientedC

conductedD

guided该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:1答案:B选项A“对准……目标”；选项B“使确定之方向”；选项C“引导”；选项D“引导”。这四个词的词义很相近，但能够用在名词之后，表示“以……为目标的”是oriented。30.

A

aboutB

withC

atD

in该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:1答案:D原文中的动词givemyall是固定搭配，意思是“全力以赴”。在什么事情上“全力以赴”要用介词in来连接。因此，本题的正确答案是选项D。31.

A

creditsB

registersC

selectsD

observes该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:1答案:A选项A能与with构成固定搭配，意思是“相信(某人)有(某种优点或能力)”；选项B不能和任何介词构成固定搭配，其常见意思为“登记，注册”；选项C常与from构成固定搭配，意思是“挑选”；选项D不能和任何介词构成固定搭配，其常见意思为“注意到”。32.

A

runB

stepC

paceD

leap该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:1答案:B选项A意思非常多，其中有“固定行程”；选项B也是一个多义词，其中有“步骤，措施”；选项C“步速”；选项D“飞跃”。最切题意的是“步骤”，即“阶段”。33.

A

holdB

occupyC

anchorD

and该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:1答案:D选项A“拥有(金钱、土地、职位等)”；选项B“占有(位置、时间等)”；选项C“担任主持人”；选项D与介词with搭配，意思是“要……承担”。尽管这些词都有类似的意思，但只有land既可以和with搭配，又可以跟position连用。34.

A

leadingB

advancedC

nominatedD

marvelous该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:1答案:A选项A“最重要的”；选项B“高级的”；选项C本身并不是固定的形容词，它只是过去分词，可以做形容词，其动词词义为“提名”；选项D“奇妙的，很好的”。原文“国内……科学家”一句中需要一个形容词来修饰人，一般leading，nominated常用来修饰人，advanced多用于修饰物，marvelous口语中常用，既可修饰人，又可以修饰物，表达一种强烈的感情色彩。在这里leading最切题意，35.

A

achievementB

transitionC

positionD

vocation该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:1答案:B由原文“从本科到研究生学习……”可以推断D．“过渡”最切题意。PartⅢReadingComprehension

SectionA

Directions:Beloweachofthefollowingpassagesyouwillfindsomequestionsorincompletestatements.EachquestionorstatementisfollowedbyfourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Readeachpassagecarefully,andthenselectthechoicethatbestanswersthequestionorcompletesthestatement.MarktheletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.

PassageOne

She'scute,noquestion.Symmetricalfeatures,flawlessskin,lookstobe22yearsold—enteringanymeat-marketbar,awomanluckyenoughtohavethisfacewouldturnenoughheadstostirabreeze.ButwhenVictorJohnstonpointsandclicks,thefaceonhiscomputerscreenchangesintoastateofsuperheated,crystallizedbeauty."Youcanseeit.It'sjustsoextraordinary,"saysJohnston,aprofessorofbiopsychologyatNewMexicoStateUniversitywhosoundsalittleinlovewithhiscreation.

Thetransformationfromprettywomantoknee-weakeningbabeisallthemoreamazingbecausethechangeswroughtbyJohnston'ssoftwareare,objectivelyspeaking,quitesubtle.Hecreatedtheoriginalfacebydigitallyaveraging16randomlyselectedfemaleCaucasianfaces.Thechangingprogramthenexaggeratedthewaysinwhichfemalefacesdifferfrommalefaces,creating,inhuman-beauty-sciencefield,a"hyper-female".Theeyesgrewabitlarger,thenosenarrowedslightlyandthelipsplumped.Theseareshiftsofjustafewmillimeters,butexperimentsinthiscountryandScotlandaresuggestingthatbothmalesandfemalesfind"feminized"versionsofaveragedfacesmorebeautiful.

Johnstonhatchedthislittlemovie'aspartofhisongoingstudyintowhyhumanbeingsfindsomepeopleattractiveandothershomely.Hemaynothaveanyrock-solidanswersyet,butheisfarfromaloneinattemptingtoapplyscientificinquirytosoambiguousasubject.Aroundtheworld,researchersaremarchingintoterritoryformerlystakedoutbypoetsandpainterstouncovertheunder-pinningsofhumanattractiveness.

Theresearchresultssofararesurprising—andhumbling.Numerousstudiesindicatethathumanbeautymaynotbesimplyintheeyeofthebeholderoranarbitraryculturalartifact.Itmaybeancientanduniversal,wroughtthroughagesofevolutionthatrewardedreproductivewinnersandkilledofflosers.Ifbeautyisnottruth,itmaybehealthandfertility:HalleBerry'sflawlessskinmayfascinatemoviegoersbecause,atsomedeeplevel,itpersuadesusthatsheisparasite-free.

Humanattractivenessresearchisarelativelyyoungandcertainlycontentiousfield—theallureofhyper-females,forexample,isstillhotlydebated—butthoseonitsfrontlinesagreeononepoint:Wewon'tconquer"looks-ism"untilweunderstanditssource.AspsychologistNancyEtcoffputsit:"Theideathatbeautyisunimportantoraculturalconstructistherealbeautymyth.Wehavetounderstandbeauty,orwewillalwaysbeenslavedbyit."36.

Thewomandescribedintheverybeginningofthetextis______.A

infactinherlatetwentiesB

Johnston'sidealgirlfriendC

astunningbeautyD

isaprofessionalprostitute该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:1答案:C细节题。文章的第1句话是描述一名漂亮女子的外貌和受人注目的程度，由此最接近的答案应当是选项C。A、B、D与原文均不符。37.

VictorJohnstonsynthesizedanewfacebycombiningthefeaturesof16______.A

beautifulEuropeanwomenB

differentwomenaroundtheworldC

casuallychosenwhitewomenD

ordinarywesternwomen该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:1答案:C本题同时考查细节和语言知识。第2段的第2句讲到，约翰斯顿随意挑选了16位高加索女子。高加索人种是白人人种，因此不难判断正确答案为C。由于．是随意选择，这些女子既有可能是美丽的，也有可能长相普通，因此A和D选项都不能涵盖正文的信息。38.

ThroughafewtinychangesmadebyJohnston,thesynthesizedfacebecameevenmore______.A

masculineB

averageC

feminineD

neutral该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:1答案:C细节题。紧跟着上一道题之后正文中就提到，修改程序所作的是夸大了这些女性面孔有别于男性面孔的那些特征，由此创造出一位“超级女性”，所以可知正确答案为C，即“变得更加女性化了”。39.

VictorJohnstonhasproducedsuchanattractivefaceinorderto______.A

givehiscomputerabeautifulscreenB

studythemythofhumanattractivenessC

provethehumancapacitytocreatebeautiesD

understandwhyCaucasianfacesarespecial该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:1答案:B推理题。在原文第3段的开始处说：他计划将这部小电影作为自己正在进行的研究的一部分，为了研究为什么人们会觉得一些人有吸引力，而另一些人只是相貌平平。因此正确选项为B“研究人类吸引力的秘密所在”。40.

Paragraph4suggeststhathumanbeautymaybe______.A

culturallydifferentB

adisease-freeidolC

individual-dependentD

aworldagreedvalue该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:1答案:D推理判断题。本段第1句说：美也许并不只是存在于情人的眼中，也不是什么随意的文化产物。它也许是占老而普遍的。也就是说，人类的美并不因人而异或因文化而异，而是遵循世界各地的人都普遍认同的一些标准。因此选D。41.

It'saconsensusamongtheresearchersthathumansarestillunconsciousof______.A

whytheylookattractiveB

whenattractivenessisimportantC

howpowerfulbeautyisD

whatconstitutesbeauty该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:1答案:D推理题。回到原文的最后一段：虽然研究者在这一领域中还有很多争议，但至少他们都同意一点，即我们只有理解了“外表主义”的根源才能克服以貌取人的倾向，又引用心理学家南茜·埃特考夫的话。因此下确选项为D。PassageTwo

It'sbecomingsomethingofajokealongtheMaine-Canadaborder.Somanybusloadsofretiredpeoplecrisscrossthelinelookingforaffordabledrugsthattheroadsidestandsshouldadvertise,"Lobsters.Blueberries.Lipitor.Coumalin."Except,ofcourse,thatsuchamarketinprescriptiondrugswouldbeillegal.

Theseseniorlong-distanceshoppingstreesfallinalegalgrayzone.Butaslongaspeoplecrosstheborderwithprescriptionsfromaphysicianandhavethemfilledfornomorethanathree-monthsupplyforpersonaluse,customsandotherfederalofficialsleavethemalone.Thetripmightbetiring,butpeoplecansaveanaverageof60percentonthecostoftheirprescriptiondrugs.Forsome,that'sthedifferencebetweentakingthedrugsordoingwithout."ThelastbustripIwasonsixmonthsagohad25seniors,"saysChelliePingree,formerMainestatesenatorandnowpresidentofCommonCause."Those25peoplesaved$19.000ontheirsuppliesofdrugs."PingreesponsoredMaineRX,whichauthorizesadiscountedpriceondrugsforMaineresidentswholackinsurancecoverage.ThelawwaschallengedbydrugcompaniesbutrecentlyupheldbytheU.S.SupremeCourt.Ithasn'tyettakeneffect.

Figuringoutwaystospendlessonprescriptiondrugshasbecomeamultifacetednationalmovementofconsumers,largelyseniorcitizens.TheprescriptiondrugbillinAmericais$160billionannually,andpeopleover65fillfivetimesasmanyprescriptionsasworkingAmericansonaverage."Buttheydoitonhealthbenefitsthatarehalfasgoodandonincomesthatarehalfaslarge,"saysRichardEvans,senioranalystatSanfordC.Bernstein,aninvestmentresearchfirm.What'smore,seniorsaccountfor20percentofthevotingpublic.

It'slittlewonderthattheMay19SupremeCourtrulinggottheattentionofdrugmanufacturersandpoliticiansacrossthecountry.Theoften-over-lookedstateof1.3milliontuckedinthenortheastcornerofthecountrybecameDavidtothepharmaceuticalindustry'sGoliath.Theface-offbeganthreeyearsagowhenstatelegislatorslikePingreebeganquestioningwhyMaine'selderlypopulationhadtotakeallthosebustrips.42.

TheelderlyAmericanscrosstheMaine-Canadaborderinordertogetdragsthatare______.A

soldwholesaleB

overthecounterC

lessexpensiveD

tax-free该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:1答案:C细节题。开篇处便提到，这些老人来来去去是为了寻找他们买得起的药物，因此正确答案应当为C。A选项为“批发出售的药品”，B选项为“非处方药”，选项D为“免税的药品”，均不符合原文，应排除。43.

Wecanlearnfromthesecondparagraphthat______.A

peoplecanbuyasmanydrugsforpersonaluseB

thecross-borderdrugshoppinghasbeenoutofthefederalcontrolC

ChelliePingreeusedtobeoneofthecross-bordershoppersfordrugsD

thecross-bordershoppingistheonlywayforsomeAmericanstogetdrugs该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:1答案:D推理判断题。根据文意很容易选出正确选项D：对于有些美国人来说，跨越边境购药是他们能够买得起药品的唯一途径。44.

MaineRXmentionedinParagraphTwoisa______.A

billB

drugcompanyC

customsofficeD

seniorssociety该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:1答案:A推理分析题。MaineRX的字面意思是“缅因处方”。考生也许并不直接认识“处方”(RX)这样一个缩写词，但紧接着后文就说：它授权为那些没有医疗保险的缅因州居民提供药品价格的折扣。并且，该段的最后一部分讲道：美国最高法院最近赞成其通过，它尚未开始执行。从这些内容我们可以推断出正确答案为A。45.

Mostcross-bordershoppersareretiredpeople,ratherthanworkingAmericans,becausetheformer______.A

havemoreleisuretimeB

fillmoreprescriptionsC

mostlyenjoylongtripsD

arefondofstreetshopping该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:1答案:B细节题。第3段中提到美国每年在处方药消费方面，65岁以上的人群是仍．在工作者平均消费的5倍。由此不难看出正确答案为B。46.

PoliticianswereinterestedintheMay19SupremeCourtrulingbecause______.A

theycouldn'timprovethewell-beingoftheelderlyB

theycouldn'taffordtoignoretheelderly'svotesC

theysawtheelderlyasthegreatestcontributorsD

theysawtheelderlyasdeservingaspecialcare该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:1答案:B细节题。文中第3段的最后一句话提到，老人占了选民人数的20%，因此选项B才是正确答案，他们不能忽视老人手中的选票。47.

DavidandGoliatharenamesusedtodescribeasituationinwhich______.A

thetwogroupsareevenlymatchedinstrengthB

amorepowerfulgroupisfightingalesspowerfulgroupC

alesspowerfulgroupisfightingamorepowerfulgroupD

bothofthetwogroupsarelosers该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:1答案:C归纳推理加语言知识题。大卫和歌利亚都是《圣经》中的人物：大卫去找歌利亚战斗时还是一个孩子，而歌利亚则是凶恶的巨人。从文章的第2段和第3段不难看出，缅因州所支持的这条法案主要是为处在弱势群体上的老人谋福利，而说到大卫和歌利亚的这一句本身也将缅因州形容为“经常被忽视的”。PassageThree

It'snavelgazingtimeagain,thatstretchoftheyearwhenmanyofusturnourattentioninwardandthinkabouthowwecanimprovethewayweliveourlives.Butasweembarkonthisannualritualofintrospection,wewoulddowelltoaskourselvesasimplequestion:Doesitreallydoanygood?

ThepoetTheodoreRoethkehadsomeinsightintothematter:"Self-contemplationisacursethatmakesanoldconfusionworse."Asapsychologist,IthinkRoethkehadapoint,onethat'ssupportedbyagrowingbodyofcontrolledpsychologicalstudies.

InastudyIconductedwithDoloresKraft,aclinicalpsychologist,andDanaDunn,asocialpsychologist,peopleinonegroupwereaskedtolistthereasonstheirrelationshipwitharomanticpartnerwasgoingthewayitwas,andthenratehowsatisfiedtheywerewiththerelationship.Peopleinanothergroupwereaskedtoratetheirsatisfactionwithoutanyanalysis;theyjustgavetheirgutreactions.

Itmightseemthatthepeoplewhothoughtaboutthespecificswouldbebestatfiguringouthowtheyreallyfelt,andthattheirsatisfactionratingswouldthusdothebestjobofpredictingtheoutcomeoftheirrelationships.

Infact,wefoundthereverse.Itwasthepeopleinthe"gutfeeling"groupwhoseratingspredictedwhethertheywerestilldatingtheirpartnerseveralmonthslater.Asforthenavelgazers,theirsatisfactionratingsdidnotpredicttheoutcomeoftheirrelationshipsatall.Rather,toomuchanalysiscanconfusepeopleabouthowtheyreallyfeel.

Self-reflectionisespeciallyproblematicwhenwearefeelingdown.ResearchbySusanNolen-Hoeksema,aclinicalpsychologistatYaleUniversity,showsthatwhenpeoplearedepressed,ruminatingontheirproblemsmakesthingsworse.

Foryearsitwasbelievedthatemergencyworkerslikepoliceofficersandfirefightersshouldundergoadebriefingprocesstofocusonandrelivetheirexperiences;theideawasthatthiswouldmakethemfeelbetterandpreventmentalhealthproblemsdowntheroad.Butdiditdoanygood?Inanextensivereviewoftheresearch,ateamledbyRichardMcNally,aclinicalpsychologistatHarvard,concludedthatdebriefingprocedureshavelittlebenefitandmightevenhurtbyinterruptingthenormalhealingprocess.Peopleoftendistractthemselvesfromthinkingaboutpainfuleventsrightaftertheyoccur,andthismaybebetterthanmentallyrelivingtheevents.48.

Accordingtotheauthor,whydopeopletendtolookinwardattheendofayear?A

TheywanttoknowiftheygetpreparedforthefuturB

TheyconsideritbeneficialtotheirfutureliveC

Theypaytoomuchattentiontotheirself-improvemenD

Theyoveremphasizetheirprogressinthepastyea该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:1答案:B细节题。第1段第1句提到每一年的一段特定时间里，我们中有许多人都要将注意力转到我们的内心世界，主要目的就是思考如何来提高我们的生活。49.

TheauthoragreeswithTheodoreRoethkeonthat______.A

peopleneedself-reflectionwhentheyfeelblueB

peoplearereluctanttoconfideinromanticpartnersC

peoplemaybemoredepressedbyrecallingthepainfulpastD

peoplewouldbecomesoberwhenclearinguptheconfusions该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:1答案:C推断题。作者在第2段提到诗人TheodoreRoethke对内省有其独到的见解，他认为，“自省是使原有心理状态更为混乱的祸根。”作者作为—名心理学家，十分同意Roethke的观点，这个观点也得到了大量的心理学研究的验证。50.

Thefindingsofthestudyonthesatisfactionratingsinromanticrelationshiprevealthat______.A

meditationcankeeptherelationshipatitspeakB

retrospectionhelpspeoplefeelsatisfiedwiththepartnerC

specificanalysiscanforetellthefutureoftherelationshipD

thinkingaboutdelailsmakesoneuncertainabouttherelationship该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:1答案:D推理判断题。文章第5段淡到了作者与其他两位心理学家的研究结果。作者提到，那些对自己恋情做出本能的情感反应的人最终预测到厂他们几个月后是否还能与其恋人继续交往。51.

Thephrase"thenavelgazers"inParagraph5referstopeoplewho______.A

boastoftheirownsuccessB

hesitateinromanticrelationshipsC

worryabouttheirfutureD

focusontheirpast该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:1答案:D词汇理解题。文章第5段提到了作为TheodoreRoethke被试的两组人，一组是the“gutfeeling”people；另一组人便是thenavelgazer。文章第1段一开始就提到过类似的词navelgazingtime，即“自我反省思考的时间”，根据上下文的理解，可推断出该词就是对navelgazing的同义转述。所以选项D“着眼于过去的人”与原文的意思最为贴切。52.

Whichofthefollowingisthebestwaytohelpfirefightersrelievetheirtrauma?A

LeavethemalonetoadjusttheiremotionB

ProvidethemwithconsultationabouttheirjobC

HelpthemfigureoutwhathashappeneD

Discusswiththemhowtodoitbetternexttim该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:1答案:A推断题。文章最后一段提到消防队员都要进行一系列的压力舒解过程，这样做可以使他们心情好些，可以阻止精神疾病的发生。最后作者强调，人们经常把注意力从刚刚发生过的痛苦的事情中分散出来，这样比一味地去重温这段经历好得多。选项A最贴近文章的意思。53.

Accordingtothepassage,______canhelppeoplegetoverapainfulexperience.A

pouringouttheirfeelingsaboutitB

distractingtheirattentionfromitC

discussingitwithspecialistsD

recallingthespecifics该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:1答案:B推断题。参见52题。PassageFour

Publicspeakingfillsmostpeoplewithdread.Humiliationisthegreatestfear;self-exposureandfailingtoappealtotheaudiencecomeaclosesecond.Womenhateitmost,sincegirlsarepressurizedfromanearlyagetobeconcernedwithappearancesofallkinds.

Mostpeoplehaveplentyofinsecurities,andthisseemslikeasituationthatwillbringthemout.Ifparents,teachersorpeersmockedyourfoiblesasachild,youfeararepeat.Ifyouwereunderpressuretobeperfect,youareterrifiedoffailinginthemostpublicofways.

Whileextrovertswillfeellessfearbeforetheordeal,itdoesnotmeantheywillnecessarilydoitbetter.Someveryshypeoplemanagetoshine.Infact,personalityisnotthebestpredictorofwhodoesitwell.Regardlessofwhatyouarelikeinreallife,thekeyseemstobetoactyourself.

Actualacting,asinperformingthescriptedlinesofacharacterotherthanyourself,doesnotdothejob.Whilepoliticiansmaylimitdamagebyhavingcarefullyrehearsed,writtenscreedstospeakfrom,thereisalwaysahiddenawarenessamongtheaudiencethatthewordsmightnotbetrue.

Although,asEarlSpencerprovedathissisterPrincessDiana'sfuneral,itispossiblebothtoprepareeverywordandtoactnaturally.Inscriptrarelyworksanditisusedasacrutchbymostpeople.But,beingyourselfdoesn'tworkeither.Ifyouspokeasifyouwereinyourownkitchen,itwouldbetooauthentic,toounawareoftheneedtocommunicatewithanaudience.

IremembergoingtoseeBritishpsychiatristRDLaingspeakinpublic.Hebehavedlikeaseriouslyoddperson,talkingoffthetopofhishead.Althoughhewastalkingaboutmadnessandhewroteonmentalillness,heseemedtobeexhibitingratherthanexplainingit.

Thebestpsychologicalplacefromwhichtospeakisanunselfconsciousself-consciousness,providingtheillusionofbeingnatural.Studiessuggestthatthisstateof"flow",aspsychologistscallit,isverysatisfying.Whetherinnormallifeormakingspeeches,thekeyistoremindyourselfthat,contrarytowhatyourteachersorparentsmayhaveimplied,yourbestisgoodenough.Inthezone,astrangeplaceofauthenticfalsehoodandshallowdepth,playispossible.54.

Formostpeoplethebiggestfearforpublicspeakingis______.A

lookingfoolishB

failinginwordsC

notattractingattentionD

appearingpressurized该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:1答案:A细节题。文章第1段开篇就提到演讲使大多数人都深感恐惧。人们最怕的就是丢面子。故选项A“看上去很愚蠢”为正确答案。55.

Accordingtothepassageshypeople______.A

havegreaterdifficultythanextrovertonesB

arenotgoodatactingC

maywelldoagoodjobinaspeechD

arebetterspeakersinthepubliceye该题您未回答:х

该问题分值:1答案:C推断题。文章第3段提到，虽然性格外向的人面对考验能稍显轻松，但这并非表明他一定会做得更好。有些性格腼腆的人在演讲中往往能够发挥出色。性格无法预示演讲的成败。56.

Asuccessfulspeechmakerisusuallyonewho______.A

canactnaturallyB

makescarefulpreparationsC

rehearsesadequatelyD

canget