高中英语构词法

Classify:pathwayfreedomdarkestplaceunfairlockeverydayriversidenursedisagree合成词(有两个或更多的词合成一个词):转化词(将一种词性转化成另一种词性):派生词(在词根上加上前、后缀构成另外一个词):everydaypathwayriversideunfairdarkestdisagreefreedomlockplacenurse2021/5/91构词法构词法：合成(Compounding)派生法（Derivation）

【前缀/后缀】转化法（Conversion）

【词性转换】{2021/5/92合成词Compoundpain-killer＋＝止痛药2021/5/93＋＝color-blind色盲2021/5/94＋＝sleep-walk梦游sleep-walker2021/5/951.合成名词

(1)n+nairconditionerbloodpressureincometaxcreditcard

(2)adj+n

centralbank

fastfood空调

血压所得税

信用卡中央银行快餐2021/5/96solarsystemremotecontrol(3)v-ing+另一词

washingmachinedrivinglicense(4)其他方式

by-producteditor-in-chief太阳系遥控洗衣机驾驶执照副产品主编2021/5/972.

合成形容词

(1)过去分词或带ed词尾的词构成。

absent-mindedgrey-haired(2)动词的ing或另一词构成

long-sufferingfar-reaching心不在焉的头发灰白的长期受苦的深远的(影响)2021/5/983.合成动词及合成副词

overeatbaby-sitempty-handed

吃得太多看孩子

一无所获的2021/5/99加前缀：

happy---

___happy

加后缀：

develop---

develop_______既加前缀又加后缀：

employ---____employ_______unmentunment派生词（derivation）

2021/5/910派生法（Derivation）---词缀法1.前缀:Pre-（前）Pre-reading,preview,prepayRe-(重新)Rewrite,reconsider,reusedis-（不）disagree,dislike,disappearin/im-（不）incorrect,impossiblemis–（错误或失当）super-（超级）mini-（微小）misunderstand,misleadsupermarket,supermanminiskirt,minibus2021/5/911foretell,forecastpost–(之后)postwar,post-readingfore-(前，预先)semicircle,semi-finalsemi-(半，部分)antiwar,anti-Japanesewaranti-(阻止，抗)underground,under-developunder-（在……下，在……中）2021/5/9122.常见的后缀1).名词后缀：-er-or-tion-ment-ity-ist-hood

-ion请将以下单词和上列相应的后缀相连，组成新词：work,educate,develop,visit,satisfy,teach,sail,ability,piano,art,child,act,brother,solute,conclude,move,possible2021/5/913-er-or-tion-ment-ity-ist-hood-ionteacher,workervisitor,sailoreducation,satisfactiondevelopment,movementability,possibilitypianist,artistchildhood,brotherhood

action,solution,conclusion如：2021/5/914-ous-ful-able,-ible-ant,-ent-arydangerous,humoroushelpful,carefulcomfortable,responsibleimportant,excellentmilitary,voluntary2）.形容词后缀：3）.副词性的词缀：-ly-wardsquickly,softly,yearlybackwards,forwards2021/5/915转化法（Conversion）tasten.味道v.尝起来{Ithasagoodtaste.Ittastesverygood.record

n.记录v.记录{LiuXiangBrokethe100mHurdlesWorldRecord.Heliestorecordsomethingwhilereadingabook.2021/5/916correctcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisabledisabilityimpossiblepossiblepossibilitywrongmistakenmistakemisunderstandunderstandundergraduategraduategraduationn.反义独立的词根adj.残疾的n.不可能的n.反义n.误解词根大学生词根n.近义反义WordsBuilding2021/5/917correctn.反义独立的词根adj.残疾的n.不可能的n.反义n.误解词根大学生词根n.近义反义WordsBuilding2021/5/918correctcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisable

disabilityimpossiblepossiblepossibilityexpressioneducationwrongmistakenmistakeunderstandundergroundundergraduategraduategraduationunderwaysubwaysubtitlealwayssidewaysn教育

表达O独立的rootadj残疾的n不可能的OnSSn误解root大学生rootn地下的地下通道地铁副标题总是misunderstand2021/5/919

缩写和简写

:

缩写和简写(也被称为截断法或缩短法)主要采取:“截头”,

“去尾”或者“既截头又去尾”的方法生成新词.telephone---phoneairplane—planelaboratory-labmathematics--mathadvertisement—adexamination--exam2021/5/920另外还有许多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组成.

CD(compactdisk)CCTV(ChinaCentralTelevision)NBA(NationalBasketballAssociation)UFO(unidentifiedflyingobject)UN(UnitedNations)ID(identification)USA(UnitedStatesofAmerica)2021/5/9211.Hewasoneofthebest_______inyesterday’sfootballmatch.(play)2.Look!How_______Kateislaughing!(happy)3.Itsnowed_______lastnightandnowthestreetsarecoveredwithsnow.(heavy)4.Edisonwasagreat________.Duringhislifehehadmany__________.(invent)playershappilyheavilyinventorinventions

构词法精练Usetheappropriateformofthewordstofillintheblanks.2021/5/922按括号内的要求改写下列单词:

rain(形容词)________agree(反义)__________nation(形容词)_______farm(人)__________recent(副词)________friend(形容词)________hope(形容词)_______back(形容词)_________visit(名词)__________home(形容词)________eight(序数词)________true(名词)___________America(形容词)_______China(形容词)________rainynationalrecentlyhopefulvisitoreighthAmericandisagreefarmerfriendlybackwardshomelesstruthChinese2021/5/9235.Moreandmore_________havecometovisitChinaovertheseyears.（foreign）6.Wewant___________reasonsforyourfailuretohelp.(satisfy)7.Pleasegivemesomereferencework.Itwill________mytask.(simple)8.Theboyhadthe___________ofbeinghalfstarved.(appear)9.Thepolicehave__________aplotagainstthePresident.(cover)10.ThedoctorsaidthatMary’smotherneededan_________.(operate)

foreigners

satisfactorysimplifyappearanceuncoveredoperation2021/5/92411.Shehopedthathersonwouldbecomea_________.(music)12.Few________wordsmadeusexcited.(speak)13.Thedaysonthemoongethotterthan________water.(boil)14.Thankyouforyour_________.(kind)15.Manycollegestudentsworkwhiletheyarestudyingbecausetheywanttomakesomemoneyfortheircollege_________.(expensive)16.Mostinternational_________lettersarewritteninEnglish,too.(busy)musicianspoken

boilingkindness

expenses

business2021/5/92517.Theboynoticedan___________mistakeonhispaper,buthedecidednottosayanythingaboutit.(correct)18.WheninRome,doasthe________do.(Rome)19.Theteacherwaspleasedwithher_______.(honest)20.Themotherdidn’tknowwhyherdaughterwascrying_______.(noise)

uncorrectedRomanshonestynoisily2021/5/9262021/5/927Fillintheblankswithproperwords

Withthe(1)____________(develop)ofindustry,airpollutionisgettingmore(2)________moreserious.InBeijing,manypeoplesufferdifferentkindsofillnessesbecause(3)_______airpollution.Airpollutioniscaused(4)_____thefollowingreasons:abouthalfoftheproblemiscausedbyvehicles.Therearemoreandmorecars,busesontheroads,andtheygive(5)______poisonousgases.25%ofairpollutioniscausedbyfactories.Another(6)________(fact)isthesmokers.Smokingnotonlydoes(7)______totheirhealth(8)____alsotoothers.Besidesthese,about10%ofair(9)________iscausedbyotherreasons.Weshouldtakesomemeasurestofight(10)________pollution.Newfuelcanbeusedtoreplacegas.Wecanplantmoretrees.Ifeverybodyrealizestheimportanceofenvironmentanddoessomethingtostoptheproblemwillbesolved.developmentandofbyoutfactorharmbutpollutionagainst2021/5/928附：类比构词（Word-FormationbyAnalogy）类比构词是英语中一种有趣而又实用的构词方式。构词特点是，以某个同类词为模式，在语义上进行联想类比，替换其中某个词素，构造出与之对应或类似的新词来。例如：work-aholic（工作迷）系仿alcoholic（嗜酒者）而造seajack（海上劫持）和skyjack（空中劫持）则是类比hijack（拦路抢劫）hijacker（强盗）而成，故都属类比词。从原形词与类比词的联系来看，英语类比构词大致可分以下三大类：

2021/5/929一.数字、色彩类比

数字类比，例如，美国总统夫人在英语中称FirstLady（第一夫人），通过该词美国人又联想类比出FistFamily（第一家庭）。FirstMother（第一母亲）等词。就连总统的爱犬也身价倍增，获得了FirstDog（第一狗）的殊荣，可谓一人得道，鸡犬升天。色彩类比，例如，BlackPower（黑人权力）最初是美国黑人在争取自身权力斗争中提出的政治口号，后为美国其他少数种族所借用。为了反歧视争平等。印第安人提出了RedPower，美籍墨西哥人也提出了BrownPower。另外，老年人为维护自身权益则提出GrayPower.美国英语中还因美元为绿色钞票而类比出greenpower一词，借指“金钱的力量”。greenpower虽与上述种种Power风马牛不相及，但同属色彩类比，甚是有趣，亦含幽默。再看一例，较早出现的blue-collar（蓝领阶层的）和white-collar（白领阶层的）分别指“体力工作者的”和“脑力工作者的”，稍后产生的pink-collar（粉领阶层的）和gray-collar（灰领阶层的），则分别指“典型女性职业工作者的”和“维修保养行业工作者的”。近年来，又有两个新的英语类比词问世，即gold-collar（金领阶层的）和bright-collar（亮领阶层的），分别表示“高级专业人士的”和“电脑及通讯专业人士的”。2021/5/930二.反义、对义类比

这方面英语类比词数目不少，俯拾可得。例如，nightmare（梦魇—daymare（昼魇），brain-drain（人材流失）—brain-gain（人材流入），flashback（倒叙）—flash-forward（超前叙述），high-tech（高技术的）—low-tech（低技术的），等等。在这方面，有些类比词来得有趣，仿造奇特。例如manFriday源于小说《鲁滨逊飘流记》，指主人公于星期五救出的一个土人，后成其忠仆，故名。该词进入英语词汇后泛指“忠实的仆人”或“得力的助手”。后来出现的girlFriday一词系仿此而造，专指“