热点13核能的利用(解析版)-备战2023年中考英语热点话题解读关键能力(题型)强化专练(通用版)

备战2023年中考英语热点话题解读+关键能力(题型)强化专练热点13核能的利用东北地区首个！辽宁红沿河核电站核能供暖项目正式供热2022年11月1日，辽宁红沿河核电站核能供暖示范项目正式投运供热，该项目是东北地区首个核能供暖项目，共惠及周边红沿河镇近两万居民。红沿河核电站核能供暖示范项目以大连市瓦房店红沿河镇为试点，规划供热面积24.24万平米，最大供热负荷为12.77MW，利用红沿河核电站汽轮机抽汽作为热源，替代红沿河镇原有的12个燃煤锅炉房，实现红沿河镇清洁供暖。项目新建一次管网近10公里，二次管网5.7公里，新建换热站4座。据测算，该项目投产后每年将减少标煤消耗5726吨，减排二氧化碳1.41万吨、烟尘209余吨、二氧化硫60余吨、氮氧化物85余吨、灰渣2621吨，环保效益显著，将有效改善供暖区域大气环境，助力东北地区天更蓝。红沿河核电站位于辽宁大连瓦房店市，是东北地区首座核电站和东北最大电力能源投资项目。一期工程4台机组采用中国广核集团(简称中广核)具有自主知识产权的CPR1000核电技术，于2016年9月全部投产商运。二期工程2台机组采用中广核全面升级的ACPR1000核电技术，2022年6月，红沿河核电站一、二期工程6台机组全面建成投产，成为国内在运装机容量最大的核电站。红沿河核电站年度发电量可达480亿千瓦时，约占辽宁省全社会用电量的20%，能有效缓解东北地区阶段性电力短缺、稳定区域电力供应。与同等规模燃煤电厂相比，等效于每年减少标煤消耗约1452万吨，减排二氧化碳约3993万吨，相当于种植10.8万公顷森林。在安全稳定提供清洁电力的同时，红沿河核电主动创新、不断拓宽核能应用边界，积极研究推进周边社区核能供暖项目。红沿河核电站核能供暖示范项目是东北地区清洁取暖的一项民生工程、民心工程。红沿河核电将继续深入学习贯彻党的二十大精神，践行习近平生态文明思想，牢固树立“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念，深入打好蓝天保卫战，充分发挥清洁能源优势，保障核安全万无一失，为实现“双碳”目标、推进美丽中国建设作出更大贡献。[来源|东北新闻网]核能创新零碳未来！第23届太平洋地区核能大会开幕11月1日上午，以“核能创新·零碳未来”为主题的第23届太平洋地区核能大会（PBNC）在北京、成都两地同时开幕。中国科协党组书记、中国工程院院士张玉卓，工业和信息化部副部长、国家原子能机构主任张克俭，生态环境部副部长、国家核安全局局长董保同，国家能源局核电司司长曾亚川，大会主席、中核集团董事长、中国核学会荣誉理事长余剑锋等出席开幕式并致贺辞。国际原子能机构总干事拉斐尔·格罗西在开幕式上通过视频发表了讲话。大会主席、全国政协常委、中国核学会理事长王寿君致欢迎辞。张玉卓在致辞中表示，构建人类命运共同体，是世界各国民心所向、众望所归、前途所在。共行天下大道，维护能源安全，培育全球发展新动能，是国际科技界的责任所系。希望大家共同携手，增进核科技领域开放、信任、合作，应用核能增进人类福祉，共创美好未来。拉斐尔·格罗西在讲话中表示，核能在太平洋地区发挥着日益重要的作用，促进了经济增长，促进了脱碳，促进了繁荣。中国在运核电机组数位居世界第三，创新力量也非常活跃，为世界核能发展作出了极大贡献。太平洋地区其他国家也越来越多地受益于和平利用核能。未来面对气候变化和可持续发展等带来的挑战，核能将为电力保障提供重要支撑。在此背景下，国际原子能机构将与大家在信息共享、能力建设等方面深入开展合作。余剑锋在致辞中指出，新时代十年是中国核工业实现跨越式发展的关键十年，也是全球核能行业探索前行、创新突破的重要十年。中国是全球核能科技创新最为活跃的国家之一，也是最受关注的主要核能市场国家之一。中国大陆地区目前在运核电机组53台、装机5559万千瓦，在建机组23台、装机2419万千瓦，在运在建核电规模全球第二，在建核电规模世界第一。余剑锋表示，中核集团作为中国核科技工业主体，核能发展的国家队、主力军，将充分发挥完整核工业体系优势，担当中国核工业产业链“链长”重任，通过坚持创新发展，深化核能科技合作；坚持互利共赢，深化核能产业合作；坚持交流互鉴，深化核能领域广泛合作等，推动核能高质量发展，构建人类核能发展命运共同体。中核集团副总经理申彦锋在会上作了题为《积极安全有序发展核能助力“双碳”目标实现》的报告。出席开幕式的还有中国工程院院士孙玉发、于俊崇，中国华能副总经理张涛，国家电投核技术总工程师、中国核学会名誉理事长刘永德，以及经济合作与发展组织核能署、国际热核聚变实验堆、美国核学会、法国原委会、日本原子能机构、英国驻广州使领馆、加拿大原子能公司、西屋电气等组织和企业负责人。在随后的三天里，第23届太平洋地区核能大会还将围绕创新核反应堆和概念设计、耐事故燃料的发展和应用场景、人工智能在核反应堆设计与分析中的应用等13个技术专题和8个论坛等进行深入交流和研讨。来自多个国家的政府机构、科研院所、知名高校和企业的300余名专家学者参会，提交论文400余篇。据悉，PBNC是由太平洋核理事会发起举办的全球性学术和产业研讨会，每两年一届，已经成为全球核能领域最具影响力的盛会之一。太平洋核理事会由中国核学会、美国核学会、韩国核学会、日本原子能学会、澳大利亚核学会等环太平洋国家（地区）核学会（协会）组成。大会自1976年举办首届会议以来，已成功举办了22届。中国曾三次主办过该会议。本届大会由中国科学技术协会、国家原子能机构、国家能源局指导，中国核学会主办，中国核工业集团有限公司、中国华能集团有限公司、国家电力投资集团有限公司协办，中国核动力研究设计院承办。[来源|澎湃新闻]一、阅读理解1Whenyoulookatthenightsky,whatyouseeareactuallylotsof“powerplants”.Everystarmakesahugeamountofenergythroughnuclearfusion(核聚变).Foryears,scientistshavetriedtomakethiskindofenergy.Theyneedtomakea“ministar”onEarth.Recently,somescientistsmadeabigstepforward.InFebruary,theCulhamCentreforFusionEnergyinOxfordshire,UK,doubledaworldrecordsetin1997.Themachinethere,namedJet,usedfusionengines(发动机)tomakethesameamountofenergyasfourwindturbines(涡轮机)make,reportedTheGuardian.Inthepast,noexperimentcouldmakemoreenergythanwhatwasusedtostartthefusionengine.Thisnewexperiment,althoughonlylastingfiveseconds,showedit’spossibletomakemorepower.Thereaction(反应)stoppedwhentheequipment(设备)gottoohot.Thisproblemcanbesolvedwithcoolingsystems.Futurefusionreactionsmaylastmuchlongerthanfiveseconds-minutesorevenhours.Whydowecaresomuchaboutstarpower?FusionreactionswouldprovidepowertoeveryoneonEarth-enoughforeveryonetouseforthousandsormillions(百万)ofyears.They’realsoclean—theydon’tproducecarbondioxideorradioactive(放射性的)waste.Youmaywonderwhyfusionenergyissohardtomake.Creatingconditionssimilartoastarisnoteasy.Themachinemustreachtemperaturesashighas10timesthatofthesun’score(核).Evenso,it’stimetogetexcitedaboutstarpower.Ifitcanbesuccessfullyrolledout(开展),itwillbealandmark(里程碑)inhumanhistory.1.Whatarecomparedto“powerplants”inParagraph1?A.scientists B.nuclearplants C.starsinthesky D.ministarsonEarth2.Themachinethatsetthenewrecordcanproduceasmuchenergyas________.A.awindturbine B.twowindturbines C.fourwindturbines D.eightwindturbines3.Whatcanmakethereactionlastlonger?A.Keepingtheequipmenthot. B.Usingacoolingsystem.C.Creatingawarmerenvironment. D.Startinganewexperiment.4.Whatcanwelearnaboutfusionenergyfromthepassage?A.Itisnowusefulineverydaylife.B.ItisverydifficulttomakeonEarth.C.Itexistsinaverycoldenvironment.D.Itcanbetakenfromthecoreofthesun.【答案】1.C

2.C

3.B

4.B【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了核聚变实验的新突破。1.推理判断题。根据“Whenyoulookatthenightsky,whatyouseeareactuallylotsof

‘powerplants’.Everystarmakesahugeamountofenergythroughnuclearfusion(核聚变).”可知，当你仰望夜空时，你看到的其实是许多“发电厂”。每颗恒星都可以通过核聚变产生巨大的能量，所以“powerplants”指代的是“天上的星星”。故选C。2.细节理解题。根据“Themachinethere,namedJet,usedfusionengines(发动机)tomakethesameamountofenergyasfourwindturbines(涡轮机)make”可知，这台名为“Jet”的机器使用聚变发动机产生的能量相当于四台风力涡轮机产生的能量。故选C。3.细节理解题。根据“Thereaction(反应)stoppedwhentheequipment(设备)gottoohot.Thisproblemcanbesolvedwithcoolingsystems.”可知，使用冷却系统可以使反应持续更长时间。故选B。4.推理判断题。根据“Youmaywonderwhyfusionenergyissohardtomake.Creatingconditionssimilartoastarisnoteasy.”可知，核聚变难以制造，创造出与恒星相似的条件并不容易，所以在地球上很难制造。故选B。2①WhenChinawasstillpoorandfarbehindtheWest,twoChinesescientistsinsistedonleadingtheworldthroughhomegrowninnovation.Theyarejetfighter(战斗机)designerGuSongfenandnuclearenergyscientistWangDazhong,whowonChina’stopscienceaward—theStatePreeminentScienceandTechnologyAwardonNov3.②Inthe1950s,Chinahadnoaviation(航空)experience,equipmentorwindtunnels.Astheheadoftheaerodynamics(空气动力学的)teaminShenyang,Gu’sfirsttaskwastodevelopthecountry’sfirsthomegrownjetaircraft.Despitedifficulties,hemanagedtocompleteJJ-1,thefirstjetaircraftdesignedinChina.③Gu,91,startedtheaerodynamicdesignofaircraft,whichadvancedthedevelopmentofanumberofmajorjetfighters,includingtheNanchangCJ-6,abasictrainingplane,andtheShenyangJ-8,ahigh-speed,high-altitudesingle-seatinterceptor.④ThoseaircraftnotonlygreatlyimprovedChina’sairdefensecapabilitiesbutalsolaidthefoundationofitsaviationindustry.⑤WangDazhong,86,hasspent60yearsworkingtodevelopnuclearenergy.AfternuclearaccidentsinThreeMileIslandintheUSin1979,andChernobylintheSovietUnionin1986,scientistsallovertheworldhaveworkedhardtoensurethatreactors(反应堆)aremade“inherentlysafe”.Itmeanstheydonotdependonmeasurespoweredbyoutsideresourcestoremainstable.⑥AnacademicianattheChineseAcademyofSciences,Wangledtheresearch,designandoperationofChina’sfirst5-megawattlowtemperaturenuclearheatingreactorandlaterofits10-megawatthightemperaturegas-cooledreactor.Heusedkeytechnologiesrelatedtoheliumcoolant(氦冷却剂).Bothreactorsimprovedtheinherentsafetyofnuclearenergy,aswellastheapplicationofcleanenergy.Wang’sscientificachievementshavepavedthewayforcleanenergyasChinaworkstoachievecarbonneutrality(碳中和),saidHeJiankun,anexpertinTsinghuaUniversity.Nuclearpowerreleaseszerocarbonandcanensurethesafeandstableoperationofthepowergrid(电网),hesaid.⑦BothGuSongfenandWangDazhongmadegreatcontributiontothehomegrowninnovationforChina,whichisworthbeingrespectedbypeoplearoundtheworldespeciallybyourChinese.5.Thewriterdevelopthepassageby________.A.tellingstories B.givingexamplesC.listingnumbers D.makingcomparison6.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“inherently”intheparagraph5?A.内部地 B.外部地 C.顶部地 D.底部地7.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassageabove?A.ChinaispoorandfarbehindtheWestintheareaofaviationtechnology.B.Wangdevelopedthecountry’sfirsthomegrownjetaircraft.C.Gumadecontributiontothedevelopmentofnuclearenergy.D.BothGuandWangwontheStatePreeminentScienceandTechnologyAward.8.Thestructureofthepassagemaybe________?A. B. C. D.【答案】5.A

6.A

7.D

8.B【解析】本文主要介绍了飞机空气动力学家顾诵芬，核反应堆工程与安全专家王大中为中国做出的突出贡献和伟大事迹。5.推理判断题。根据第二段“Inthe1950s,Chinahadnoaviation…hemanagedtocompleteJJ-1,thefirstjetaircraftdesignedinChina.”可知,这是在讲故事，因此作者是通过讲故事的方式开展文章的。故选A。6.词句猜测题。根据后文“Itmeanstheydonotdependonmeasurespoweredbyoutsideresourcestoremainstable.”可知，它们不依赖外部资源驱动措施来保持稳定，因此可推断inherently意为“内部地”。故选A。7.细节理解题。根据第一段“TheyarejetfighterdesignerGuSongfenandnuclearenergyscientistWangDazhong,whowonChina’stopscienceaward—theStatePreeminentScienceandTechnologyAwardonNov3.”可知,他们两人都获得了“国家最高科学技术奖”。故选D。8.篇章结构题。阅读文章可知第一段引出文章要介绍的两个人物，第二、三、四段介绍了顾诵芬的事迹，第五、六段介绍了王大中的事迹，最后一段进行总结，所以B项符合文章结构。故选B。3Isitbettertobeawisepersonoranintelligent（有才智的）one?Inotherwords,whenitcomesdowntowisdomandintelligence,whichismoreimportant?WhenIthinkaboutwisdomandintelligence,Ibelievethattherearetwokindsofpeopleintheworld:wisepeopleandintelligentones.Mydadwasawiseman.Heusedtosay,“There’snosuchthingasastupidquestion.”Mydadencouragedlearning.Healwaysmadeitafunexperience.Ontheotherhand,Ihadanotherfriendwhowasreallyintelligent.HegotstraightAgradesatcollegeandafirst-classdegreeinAdvanced（高等的）Maths.Heattendedabirthdaypartyatmyhouseonceandaskediftherewasanythinghecoulddotohelp.Iaskedhimtopeel（剥）theeggsformebuthedidn’tknowhowtodoit.Soforme,therearecleardistinguishmentsbetweenwisdomandintelligence.Intelligenceistheabilitytolearnandgetknowledge,suchasfactsandfigures,andthenusethisinformationaccordingly.Wisdomcomesfromexperiencinglife.Welearnthroughourexperiencesandusethisknowledgetomakedecisions.So,isonebetterthantheother?Well,bothareimportantatcertaintimesinourlives.Forexample,youwouldprefertohaveanintelligentpersonworkingasasafetyofficerinanuclear（原子核的）powerplant.However,ifyouwerereceivingsolutionforamentalbreakdown,youmightpreferawiseperson.Infact,weshoulduseourownintelligenceandpracticeitinourowneverydayexperiences.Byusingintelligencethisway,wecanlearnhowtobewiseourselves.9.Thewriter’sfatherusedtothink________.A.noteveryquestionwasstupid B.allthequestionswereusefulC.quiteafewquestionsweresmart D.thequestionwasalwaysstupiditself10.Whatcanweknowaboutthewriter’sfriend?A.Hedislikedpeelingeggs. B.Helikeddoinghousework.C.Hedidwellinschoolwork. D.Hewasnotgoodatmaths.11.Theunderlinedword“distinguishments”inthepassagemeans“________”.A.relationships B.situations C.advantages D.differences12.Whichofthefollowingmaythewriteragreewith?A.Nohardwork,nointelligence. B.Notallpeoplecanbeawiseman.C.Intelligencecanchangeintowisdom. D.Wisdomismoreimportantthanintelligence.13.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.HowCanBeaWiseMan? B.SuccessLiesinIntelligenceC.WaystoBeanIntelligentMan D.WhichisBetter,wisdomorIntelligence?【答案】9.B

10.C

11.D

12.C

13.D【解析】本文是一篇议论文。作者针对“智慧和智力，哪个更好”这一议题进行了讨论，作者最后认为智力也可以转变为智慧。9.推理判断题。根据“There’snosuchthingasastupidquestion.”可知，作者的爸爸认为，愚蠢的问题从来就不存在，说明他认为所有的问题都是有用的。故选B。10.推理判断题。根据“HegotstraightAgradesatcollegeandafirst-classdegreeinAdvanced（高等的）Maths.”可知，他在大学里的科目都拿了A，还获得了高等数学的一级学位。由此可知，他的学业完成得很好。故选C。11.词句猜测题。根据“betweenwisdomandintelligence”可知，这是要区分智慧和智力，因此distinguishments的同义词为differences。故选D。12.推理判断题。根据“Byusingintelligencethisway,wecanlearnhowtobewiseourselves.”可知通过以这种方式使用智力，我们可以学会如何使自己变聪明。说明作者认为智力可以转变为智慧。故选C。13.最佳标题题。根据“Isitbettertobeawisepersonoranintelligent（有才智的）one?”可知作者提出这样一个疑问：做一个有智慧的人，和做一个有智力的人，哪一个更好？因此选项D“智慧和智力，哪个更好”作为标题，最为合适。故选D。4Inthemodernage,humansocietyrunsonenergy.Mostmachinesneedelectricitytooperate.Humanscannotlivewithoutelectricityevenasingledayintheirdailylifeandwork.Theyhavemanydifferentwaystocreateelectricity.Butsomewaysareharmfultotheenvironment.Forexample,fossilfuelsarethemostcommonkindofenergy.Theyincludecoal,oil,andnaturalgas.First,peoplehavetodigthemfromtheground.Thiscansometimesharmtheenvironment.However,scientistsarecreatingcleanerandbetterwaystodothatthesedays.Sotheenvironmentisnotharmedasmuchasbefore.Butwhenpeopleburnthesefossilfuels,theycangiveoffalotofharmfulgases,whichareconsideredtobeoneofthegreatestcausesofglobalwarning.Thismightharmtheenvironment.Tidalenergyisanotherwaytomakeelectricity.Thisusestheoceantidestomakeelectricity.Butsomekindsoftidalenergycankillmanyfishandotherseaanimals.Alsodamscancreatelotsofcleanenergy.Butdamscreatelakesandchangethewaythatriversrun.Sotheycandogreatharmtothebalanceofnaturearoundthelakesandalongtherivers.Nuclearenergyisaverypowerfulformofenergy.Itischeap.Itisalsoveryclean.Butmanypeopleareafraidofitbecauseitusesradioactivematerials.Also,therehavebeensomeveryseriousaccidentsinthepastwhichcausedgreatharmtohumansandnature.Butthetechnologyismuchbetterthesedays.Somanycountriesarestartingtousenuclearenergymore.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“humansocietyrunsonenergy”inParagraph1mean?A.Itmeansthathumansinthesocietywastemuchenergy. B.Itmeansthatpeopleuseenergytomaketheworldwork.C.Itmeansthatoursocietyisfullofvariedkindsofenergy. D.Itmeansthathumanscannotrunfastwithoutenergy.15.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutfossilfuels?A.Theyaredugfromtheground. B.Theyareconsideredexpensive.C.Theyhardlyharmtheenvironment. D.Theyarenotwidelyusedintheworld.16.Fromthepassage,weknowthattidalenergycan________.A.causeseriousaccidents B.changethewaythatriversrunC.giveoffalotofharmfulgases D.killmanylivingthingsintheocean【答案】14.B

15.A

16.D【解析】本文介绍了几种发电的方式，但是有些方法对环境有害。14.词句猜测题。根据“Mostmachinesneedelectricitytooperate.Humanscannotlivewithoutelectricityevenasingledayintheirdailylifeandwork”可知，大多数机器需要电力才能运转。人类在日常生活和工作中没有电，甚至一天都无法生存。因此人们用能源使世界运转，故选B。15.细节理解题。根据“Theyincludecoal,oil,andnaturalgas.First,peoplehavetodigthemfromtheground”可知，化石燃料从地里挖出来的，故选A。16.细节理解题。根据“Butsomekindsoftidalenergycankillmanyfishandotherseaanimals”可知，一些潮汐可能会杀死许多鱼类和其他海洋动物。故选D。5Nuclear（核）power’sdangertohealth,safety,andevenlifeitselfcanbesummedupinoneword:radiation（辐射）.Nuclearradiationhasacertainmystery（神秘）aboutit,partlybecauseitcannotbefoundbyhumansenses.Itcan’tbeseenorheard,ortouchedortasted,eventhoughitmaybeallaroundus.Thereareotherthingslikethat.Forexample,radiowavesareallaroundusbutwecan’tdetectthem,sensethem,withoutaradioreceiver.Similarly,wecan’tsenseradioactivitywithoutaradiationdetector（探测器）.Butunlikecommonradiowaves,nuclearradiationisnotharmlesstohumanbeingsandotherlivingthings.Atveryhighlevels,radiationcankillananimalorhumanbeingcompletelybykillingmasses（块；团）ofcells（细胞）invital（=veryimportant）organs.Buteventhelowestlevelofradiationcandoseriousdamage.Thereisnolevelofradiationthatiscompletelysafe.Iftheradiationdoesnothitanythingimportant,thedamagemaynotbesignificant.Thisisthecasewhenonlyafewcellsarehit,andiftheyarekilledcompletely,yourbodywillreplacethedeadcellswithhealthyones.Butifthefewcellsareonlydamaged,andiftheyreproducethemselves,youmaybeintrouble.Theyreproducethemselvesinadeformed（畸形）way.Theycangrowintocancer（癌症）.Sometimesthisdoesnotshowupformanyyears.Thisisanotherreasonforsomeofthemysteryaboutnuclearradiation.Seriousdamagecanbedonewithoutthevictim（牺牲者）beingawareatthetimethatdamagehasoccurred.Apersoncanfeelfine,thendieofcancerfive,ten,ortwentyyearslaterasaresult.Orachildcanbebornweakoreasytohaveseriousillnessasaresultofradiationabsorbed（吸收）byitsgrandparents.Radiationcanhurtus.Wemustknowthetruth.17.Nuclearradiationhasacertainmysterybecause________.A.peoplecan’tfeelit B.peopleknownothingaboutitC.nuclearradiationisn’tharmfultopeople D.peoplehaven’tanydetectors18.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.Wecan’tdetectradioactivityevenwithmodernequipment.B.Onlyradiationatveryhighlevelscankillananimalorhumanbeing.C.Ifafewcellsareonlydamaged，healthycellswilltaketheplaceofdeadones.D.Radiationisharmfulnomatterwhatlevelitis.19.Theword“significant”inparagraph3hasthesimilarmeaningwith________.A.important B.meaningful C.harmful D.obvious20.Radiationcanhurtusinthatitcan________.A.affectthehealthygrowthofouroffspring（后代）B.damagecellswhichgrowintocanceryearslaterC.killlargenumberofcellsinmainorganssoastocausedeathimmediatelyD.alloftheabove21.What’stheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Emphasizingtheimportanceofprotectionofradiation.B.Solvingthemysteryaboutradiation.C.Discussingthecauseofcancer.D.Introducingthenuclearpower.【答案】17.A

18.D

19.A

20.D

21.A【解析】本文给我们讲述了核辐射的危害。核辐射非常的神秘，因为它看不见、听不见、摸不着、尝不到，但是即使最低水平的辐射也会造成严重的伤害。17.细节理解题。根据短文第二段“Nuclearradiationhasacertainmystery（神秘）aboutit,partlybecauseitcannotbefoundbyhumansenses.Itcan’tbeseenorheard,ortouchedortasted,eventhoughitmaybeallaroundus”可知，核辐射很神秘，部分原因是它不能被人感觉到。故选A。18.细节理解题。根据短文第三段“Buteventhelowestlevelofradiationcandoseriousdamage.Thereisnolevelofradiationthatiscompletelysafe”可知，即使最低水平的辐射也能造成严重的伤害，没有任何水平的辐射是完全安全的。故选D。19.词义猜测题。根据单词所在的语境“Iftheradiationdoesnothitanythingimportant,thedamagemaynotbesignificant”可知，如果辐射没有击中任何重要的东西，损害可能不会很严重，significant与important意思接近。故选A。20.细节理解题。根据短文第三段以及第四段的内容“Atveryhighlevels,radiationcankillananimalorhumanbeingcompletelybykillingmasses（块；团）ofcells（细胞）invital（=veryimportant）organs…Butifthefewcellsareonlydamaged,andiftheyreproducethemselves,youmaybeintrouble.Theyreproducethemselvesinadeformed（畸形）way.Theycangrowintocancer（癌症）….Orachildcanbebornweakoreasytohaveseriousillnessasaresultofradiationabsorbed（吸收）byitsgrandparents”可知，A、B和C三项都是核辐射对我们的危害。故选D。21.推理判断题。根据文意可知，短文中作者介绍了核辐射对我们的危害，根据短文的最后“Radiationcanhurtus.Wemustknowthetruth.”由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的就是，强调辐射防护的重要性，让我们要注意防护核辐射。故选A。6Rightnow,thebiggestsourceofenergy(能源)intheworldisfossilfuel(矿物燃料).Fossilfuelsareoil,gas,andcoal(煤).

Morethan80percentoftheworld’senergycomesfromfossilfuel.Therearemanyproblemswithfossilfuel.Oneproblemisthatwhenfossilfuelisburned,itpollutestheair.Also,whenwetakefossilfuelfromtheEarth,weoftencausealotofharm.Anotherproblemisthatwe’rerunningoutofit.Abigsourceofenergyformanycountriesisnuclearpower(核能).Thirty-onecountriesusenuclearpower.Alotofshipsalsouseit.Nuclearpowerhassomeadvantages(优点).Firstofall,wecan’trunoutofnuclearpower.Nuclearpowerdoesnotmaketheairdirty.Also,ifacountryhasnuclearpower,itdoesn’tneedtobuyasmuchoilfromothercountries.However,therearealsoalotofproblemsthatcomewithnuclearpower.Forexample,nuclearaccidentsareveryserious.In1986,therewasanuclearaccidentinRussia.Inthenext20years,about4,000peoplegotsickanddied.In2011therewasanotherveryseriousnuclearaccidentinJapan.Thatwasseveralyearsago,butJapanisstilltryingtocleanupthenuclearwastefromtheaccident.Manypeopledon’twantnuclearpowerintheircountries.Theysaythatit’snotsafe.AlotofpeopleintheUnitedStates,Russia,France,Japan,India,andmanyothercountrieswanttheircountriestousesaferandcleanerwaystogetelectricity(电力).Sometimestheygettogethertoshowtheirstrongdisagreementwithnuclearenergy.Manypeoplehatenuclearenergy,butmoreandmorecountriesareusingit.Onereasonforthisisthattheworldisusingmoreandmoreenergy.Wejustdon’thaveenoughfossilfuel.However,ifweusenuclearpower,thenwemayhavemoreseriousproblemsinthefuture.22.Inthesecondsentenceofthefifthparagraph,whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”mean?A.Thecountry. B.Nuclearpower. C.Aperson. D.Theelectricity.23.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Nuclearpowerisakindoffossilfuels. B.Therewerenonuclearaccidentsin1986.C.Nuclearpoweriseasyenoughtomake. D.Peoplemayrunoutoffossilfueloneday.24.Thefollowingsentencewouldbestbeplacedattheendof________.“That’swhyweneednewsourcesofenergy.”A.Paragraph1 B.Paragraph3 C.Paragraph4 D.Paragraph525.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ASafeSourceofEnergy? B.TheBestEnergySourceintheWorld!C.EveryoneLovesNuclearPower

. D.WeShouldOnlyUseFossilFuels.【答案】22.B

23.D

24.A

25.A【解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了核能作为许多国家的第一能源是否安全的问题。22.词意猜测题。根据第五段“Manypeopledon’twantnuclearpowerintheircountries.”可知，许多人不想在他们国家使用核能；由此推知，核能是不安全的。故it指nuclearpower“核能”。故选B。23.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Wejustdon’thaveenoughfossilfuel.However,ifweusenuclearpower,thenwemayhavemoreseriousproblemsinthefuture.”可知，我们只是没有足够的矿物燃料。然而，如果我们使用核能，那么在未来，或许我们会有更严重的问题。由此推知，D项“有一天人们会用尽矿物燃料”符合语境。故选D。24.推理判断题。“That’swhyweneednewsourcesofenergy.”表示“那就是我们需要新能源的原因”。根据第一段谈到矿物燃料快用光了；第二段谈到一种新的能源；由此推知，该句应用作第一段的结尾句，引出下文。故选A。25.最佳标题题。根据最后两段可知，许多人认为核能是不安全的，但越来越多的国家在使用它，那么它到底是否安全，本文就此展开了讨论。故选A。7Whatifyouhadonlythreeminutestotakewhateveryoucouldtakefromyourhome,andtherestwouldbelostforever?Whatwouldyoutake?Japanisoftenhitbynaturaldisasters,likeearthquakes,heavystormsandtunami.Butrecentlythenuclearradiation(核辐射)havebroughtthelong-termdamagetoJapan,manyJapanesehavetoabandontheirlovelyhomes.Theyarenowfacingthefactthattheymaynotbeabletoreturnforalongtime.Withthisinmind,let’sdiscussthevalueofaBugOutBag(B.O.B.forshort).B.O.B.isacollectionofthingsthatyouwouldneedtoliveonifyouhadtoescapefromyourhomewithnopromisesofhousing,foodorwaterduringtheunexpectedsituation.TheB.O.B.shouldincludethefollowingthingsthatareneededforlife:●Asleepingbag,oratleastablankettokeepwarm.●Drinkingwater.●High-calorie,no-cookfoodslikechocolatebiscuits.proteinbars,etc.●First-aidsupplies.●Firestartingmethods,andasmallpottoboilwaterorcook.●Afewbasictoolslikeaknife,somerope,flashlight(手电筒)etc.●Moneyincash.●Adigitalbackupofallyourimportantdocumentsandfamilytreasures.Thiscouldbeinsurance(保险)documents,familyphotosandvideos.YoucouldkeepaB.O.B.bythefrontdoor,orevenhaveseveralbagsathomeattheofficeandinyourcar.ThismightseemlikemorethanneededtosomeofyoubutjustimaginewhatadifferencethiskindofpreparationwouldhavemadetothepeopleofJapan.ThenthinkofthedifferenceaB.O.B.willmakeifthosedisastershappentoyou.26.ThewritertalkedaboutthenuclearradiationinJapaninorderto________.A.showtheimportanceofaBugOutBagB.showhowdangerousanuclearradiationisC.tellustheseriousdamageithasdonetoJapanD.explainwhytheJapanesehavetoleavetheirhomes27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“abandon”probablymeaninChinese?A.欣赏 B.拆除 C.抛弃 D.修缮28.WhatispurposeofaBugOutBag?A.Tostopdisastersfromhappening. B.Tohelppeopleprotecttheirhomes.C.Tofindoutwhenthedisasterwillcome. D.Tohelppeoplekeepaliveafterdisasters.29.WhichofthefollowingshouldbeputintoaBugOutBag?A.Amap. B.Aknife. C.Araincoat. D.Acamera.30.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.PrepareforDisasters B.EnjoyYourOutdoorLifeC.MakeaChangetoDisasters D.WatchOutforNuclearRadiation【答案】26.A

27.C

28.D

29.B

30.A【解析】本文介绍了在紧急意外的灾害发生的情况下人们该怎么办？就此作者提出了一些建议。让人们在不可预知的灾害下为自己准备好必需的物品，为灾害提前做好准备。26.细节理解题。由第二段第四句“Withthisinmind,let’sdiscussthevalueofaBugOutBag(B.O.B.forshort).”可知，讨论日本的核辐射是为了讨论BugOutBag的价值，故选A。27.词句猜测题。由下文“Theyarenowfacingthefactthattheymaynotbeabletoreturnforalongtime.”可知，现在他们可能很长一段时间都无法返回。由此可推测“Butrecentlythenuclearradiation(核辐射)…Japanesehavetoabandontheirlovelyhomes.”意思是但最近核辐射给日本带来了长期的破坏，不少日本人不得不放弃自己可爱的家园。进而推测“abandon”的意思抛弃、放弃。故选C。28.细节理解题。由第三段“B.O.B.isacollectionofthings…waterduringtheunexpectedsituation.”可知，B.O.B.是帮助你在无法预知的情况下逃离家园时赖以生存的东西。故选D。29.推理判断题。由列举物品中的第6点“Afewbasictoolslikeaknife,somerope,flashlight(手电筒)etc.”可知，刀是B.O.B.所需的，故选B。30.主旨大意题。本文主要在介绍B.O.B.包括什么，有利于让人们在不可预知的灾害下为自己准备好必需的物品，为灾害提前做好准备。可知本文最佳标题为《为灾难做好准备》，故选A。二、完形填空Greenpeaceisaglobal(全球的)environmentalorganizationthathasbeentryingtostopcompaniesandgovernmentsfromdoingbadthingstotheenvironment.Itisknownforitsdirect___31___intheworld.Andithasmadethepublicknowenvironmentalproblems.In1995,aGreenpeaceshipstoppedaFrenchnuclearweapon(核武器)test.Greenpeacehasalsorepeatedlysentshipsto___32___whales(鲸鱼)fromJapanesewhalers,whokillwhalesfortheirmeatwhichisusedatexpensiverestaurants.TheGreenpeace___33___havetriedtostopnuclearweaponsfrombeingbuiltandhavefoughtagainstbigcompaniesandgovernmentsthataredestroyingtherainforestsandotherareaswitha___34___environment.Greenpeacepayscloseattentiontomanyenvironmentalproblems:whaling,globalwarming,cleanenergyandnuclearpower.Greenpeaceactivistsoftenputthemselvesin__35__tostoptheactivitiesthattheyareagainst.Theyusesmallboatstotrytostopthekillingofwhales.Theyalso___36___themselvestotreesthatworkerswanttocutdown.Theysaythattheyaretryingtoprotecttheenvironmentforallofusandforfuturegeneration.___37___theyhavealotofsupportfrompeoplearoundtheworld,theyhavenotbeenabletostopmanyofthethingstheyarefightingagainst.Theorganization___38___moneyfromgovernments,politicalpartiesorcompaniesinordertoavoidtheirinfluence.Thepeoplewho___39___Greenpeacearefromallovertheworld.Whattheyallhaveincommonistheonebigaim—agreenand___40___futureforall.PeoplefromallwalksoflifecometogetherundertheGreenpeaceflagtospendtheirfreetimefightingfortheenvironment.31.A.p