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2023年果洛藏族自治州玛沁县考研《英语一》全真模拟试卷SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)September22,2018willbeWorldCar-FreeDay,adayonwhichpeopleacrosstheglobeareencouragedtofind1methodstomeettheirtransportationneedsandre-discoverbuses,bikes,andtheirown2.Onthisday,peoplegettogetherinthestreets,intersections,andneighborhoodblocksto3theworldthatwedon’thavetoacceptourcar-controlledsociety.While4alongtheselineshadtakenplacefromtimetotimestarting5the1973oilcrisis,itwasonlyinOctober,19946astructuredcallforsuchprojectswas7inakeynotespeechbyEricBrittonattheInternationalAccessibleCitiesConferenceheldinToledo(Spain).ThefirstnationalcampaignwaslaunchedinBritainin1997,andtheFrenchfollowedsuitin1998.In2000,carBustersissuedanopen8fora“WorldCar-FreeDay”to9withEurope’sCar-FreeDayonSeptember22.10then,wehavebeguntocallforcitizenstoorganize11onornearthisday.However,wedonotwant12onedayofcelebrationsandthenreturnto13life.WorldCar-FreeDayisthe14timetoremindcityplannersandpoliticiansto15cycling,walkingandpublictransport.Itisuptous,citiesandgovernmentstohelp16permanentchangesto17pedestrians,cyclistsandotherpeoplewhodonotdrivecars.While18accomplishmenthasbeenachievedintermsofmediacoverage,theseevents19tobedifficulttoachieverealsuccessandevenadecadelaterthereisconsiderableuncertaintyabouttheusefulnessofthisapproach.Broadpublicsupportand20tochangeisneededforsuccessfulimplementation(执行).1、A.effective B.efficient C.useful D.alternative2、A.legs B.motors C.subway D.feet3、A.recall B.remind C.realize D.recommend4、A.projects B.events C.activities D.meetings5、A.as B.on C.with D.beyond6、A.when B.that C.where D.how7、A.undertaken B.submitted C.developed D.issued8、A.answer B.call C.wish D.longing9、A.connect B.involve C.consist D.concern10、A.Since B.Before C.After D.Right11、A.events B.affairs C.incidents D.accidents12、A.even B.still C.just D.ever13、A.usual B.previous C.ordinary D.average14、A.perfect B.limited C.accurate D.correct15、A.givewayto B.givepriorityto C.giveriseto D.giveinto16、A.employ B.decrease C.create D.increase17、A.assist B.benefit C.instruct D.influence18、A.constant B.similar C.envying D.considerable19、A.turnout B.workout C.carryout D.figureout20、A.approach B.attitude C.chance D.commitmentSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Everybabybornadecadefromnowwillhaveitsgeneticcode(基因编码)mappedatbirth,theheadoftheworlds’leadinggenomesequencing(基因图谱)companyhaspredicted.AcompleteDNAread–outforeverynewbornwillbetechnicallypossibleandaffordableinlessthanfiveyears,promisingarevolutioninhealthcare,saysJayFlatley,thechiefexecutiveofIllumina.Onlysocialandlegalproblemsarelikelytodelaytheageof“genomesequences,”orgeneticprofiles.By2019itwillhavebecomeroutinetomapinfants’geneswhentheyareborn,DrFlatlytoldTheTimes.Thiswillopenanewapproachtomedicine,bywhichconditionssuchashighbloodpressureandheartdiseasecanbepredictedandpreventedanddrugsusedmoresafelyandeffectively.Ababy’sgenomecanbediscoveredatbirthbyabloodtest.Byexaminingaperson’sgenome,itispossibletoidentifyraisedrisksofdevelopingdiseasessuchascancers.Thoseathighriskcanthenhescreenedmoreregularly,orgivendrugsordietaryadvicetolowertheirchancesofbecomingill.Personalgenomescouldalsoheusedtoensurethatpatientsgetthemedicinethatismostlikelytoworkforthemandleastlikelytohaveside–effects.Thedevelopment,however,willraiselegalconcernsaboutprivacyandaccesstoindividuals’geneticrecords.“Badthingscanbedonewiththegenome.Itcouldpredictsomethingaboutsomeone–andyoucouldpossiblyhandtheinformationtotheiremployerortheirinsurancecompany.”saidDrFlatley.“Peoplehavetorecognizethatthishorseisoutofthebarn,andthatyourgenomeprobablycan’tbeprotected,becauseeverywhereyougoyouleaveyourgenomebehind.Completegeneticprivacy,however,isunlikelytobepossible”,headded.Asthebenefitsbecomeclearer,however,hebelievesthatmostpeoplewillwanttheirgenomesreadandinterpreted.Theriskisnothingcomparedwiththegain.1、Inthefirsttwoparagraphs,theauthormainlywantstotellusabout______.A.thesignificantprogressinmedicineB.thepromiseofaleadingcompanyC.theinformationofbabies’genesD.theresearchofmedicalscientists2、Whichofthefollowingisaproblemcausedbythisapproach?A.ThedelayingindiscoveringDNA.B.Theriskofdevelopingdiseasesatbirth.C.Theside–effectsofmedicineonpatients.D.Thelettingoutofpersonalgeneticinformation.3、Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence“…thishorseisoutofthebarn”mean?A.Geneticmappingtechniquehasbeenwidelyused.B.Geneticmappingtechniqueistoohorribletocontrol.C.Peopleareeagertoimprovegeneticmappingtechnique.D.peoplecan’tstopgeneticmappingtechniqueadvancing.4、What’sDrFlatley’sattitudetowardsthetechnology?A.Tolerant.B.Conservative.C.Positive.D.Doubtful.Text2WiththeaverageAmericangoingthroughmorethan700poundsofpaperperyear,manyfirmsarelookingforwaystodiscouragetheiremployeesfromover-usingtheofficeprinter.ToshibaAmericanBusinessSolutionshascomeupwithanalternativeidea.Ithasintroducedthee-STUDIO4508LP,aprinterthatgivesuserstheoptiontoprintwitherasabletoner(墨粉)一allowingasinglepieceofpapertobereusedseveraltimes.Toreuseapieceofpaper,theprinterbasicallyusesthesameprocessasanormalprinter,butinreverse(反过来),saidBillMelo,chiefmarketingexecutiveforToshibaAmericaBusinessSolutions.Paperprintedwiththeerasabletonerisfedbackintotheprinter,superheated,andthetonergetsremovedandputinadiscard(丢弃)tank.Thereareacoupleofcatches.Alloftheprintoutsusingtheerasabletonerhavetobeinblueink,whichistheonlycolorinwhicherasabletonerisnowavailable.Andthecompanysaidthatpeoplemaywanttostopreusingtheprintoutsafterfivetimesthroughtheeraserbecausesmalltracesoferasedtextwillbuildupovertime.The$15,420printerisaimedatofficesandschools,wherethereareoftenlargenumbersofprintoutsthatoutlivetheirusefulnessquickly.Withtheerasabletoner,it’spossibletoloadanyshort-livedhandoutsbackontotheprintertobeerasedandthenreused.Still,convincingcustomerstocommittoerasabletonerisn’talwayseasy.Melosaidnotallitscustomerswerehappyaboutonlyhavingtheerasableoption.Themodel,Melosaid,shouldbetterservetheneedsofthosewhowanttobeenvironmentallyconsciousbutalsomayneedsomethingmorepermanentonoccasion.1、What’sspecialaboutToshiba’sprinter?A.It’slow-priced.B.It’sfashionable.C.It’slightweight.D.It’seco-friendly.2、What’sthekeytomakingtheprinterwork?A.Adiscardtank.B.Lightcoloredink.C.Specialwritingpaper.D.Ahighenoughtemperature.3、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“catches”inParagraph4mean?A.Theories.B.Problems.C.Differences.D.Characteristics.4、Howdidthepublicrespondtotheprinter?A.Theyaskedformorepatterns.B.Someexpresseddissatisfaction.C.Someworriedaboutitsrecycling.D.Theyconsideredithardtooperate.Text3AndrewstartedhisjobfouryearsagoatajobsearchcompanyG,whenheworkedinacomputerprogramminglanguagecalledStata.Thenotherprogramminglanguagesappear,andhehashadtocontinuallylearnnewskills.Hesaystheever-changinguniverseofworkrequiresemployeestobecriticalthinkersandfasttoadapttothenewenvironment.Peopleneedtolearnnewtechnologiesandapplytheirskillsquicklyandregularly.Whencompanieshirenewworkers,theyarenotalwayslookingforknowledgeofacertainsoftware,butsoftskillslikeproblemsolving,effectivecommunicationandleadership.Theyalsomaywantcandidateswhoshowawillingnesstokeeplearningnewskills.Studentsmaybelievethatstudyingscience,technology,engineeringandmathematics,knownastheSTEMfields,willeasilyleadtoagoodfirstjob.Butemployersaretellingcolleges:youareproducingengineers,buttheydonothavetheskillsweneed.Thatmeansfindingnewwaystosolveaproblemismoreimportantthanusingestablishedstepstodoso.Togetstudentsready,somecollegesandevenhighschools,areworkingonbuildingcriticalthinkingskills.OneexampleofthisisattheprivateWestminsterSchoolsinAtlanta,Georgia.ForthreeweeksinJanuary,studentseithergetjobsorgoontrips.Theexperiencegivesthemabettersenseofwhattheymightdointhefuture.Careerofficesatuniversitiesalsoplacealotofimportanceoninterviewskills,teachingyoungpeoplemorethanwritinganeffectiveresumeanddressingwell.Theyhavetolearnhowtoperformbestonvideoandphoneinterviews,andhowtodealwithnewwaysofbeingchosenforajob.1、WhatdoesthejobatGrequireAndrewtodo?A.Toapplywhathelearnedincollegetohiswork.B.Tokeeplearningnewknowledgetokeepup.C.Tohaveagoodcommandofseverallanguages.D.Tokeepchangingjobsfordifferentskills.2、Whatqualitydocompaniesrequireofnewworkers?A.Skillsatsolvingproblemsandeffectivecommunication.B.Willingnesstostopworkandgoforfurthereducation.C.Tricksatmanagingawholedepartmentorresearchteam.D.Readinesstostaybehindafterworkandworkovertime.3、Whatmessagedoemployersconveytocolleges?A.Interviewskillsandeffectiveresumearenecessaryforstudents.B.Goodbasicknowledgeinrelatedfieldisessentialforstudents.C.Manynewwaysoflookingforgraduateemployeesarepopular.D.Collegestudentsshouldhavetheskillsforsolvingproblems.4、Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.NewSkillsAreRequiredofEmployersB.TraditionalEducationLimitsJobChancesC.Tomorrow’sJobsRequireSoftSkillsD.WhatYouLearnTodayDecidesYourFutureText4WhatCocktailPartiesTeachUsYou’reataparty.Musicisplaying.Glassesareclinking.Dozensofconversationsaredrivingupthedecibel(分贝)level.Yetamongallthosedistractions,youcantuneyourattentiontojustonevoicefrommany.Thisabilityiswhatresearcherscallthe“cocktail-partyeffect”.ScientistsattheUniversityofCaliforniainSanFranciscohavefoundwherethatsound-editingprocessoccursinthebrain—intheauditorycortex(听觉皮层)justbehindtheear,notinareasofhigherthought.Theauditorycortexboostssomesoundsandturnsdownotherssothatwhenthesignalreachesthehigherbrain,“it’sasifonlyonepersonwasspeakingalone,”saysinvestigatorEdwardChang.Thesefindings,publishedinthejournalNaturelastweek,explainwhypeoplearen’tverygoodatmultitasking—ourbrainsarewiredfor“selectiveattention”andcanfocusononlyonethingatatime.Thatinborn
ability
hashelpedhumans
survive
inaworldbuzzingwithvisualandauditorystimulation(刺激).Butwekeep
trying
topushthelimitswithmultitasking,sometimeswith
tragic
(悲剧的)consequences.Driverstalkingoncellphones,forexample,arefourtimesaslikelytogetinto
traffic
accidentsasthosewhoaren’t.Manyofthoseaccidentsaredueto“inattentionalblindness”,inwhichpeoplecan,ineffect,turnablindeyetothingstheyaren’tfocusingon.Themoreattentionataskdemands,thelessattentionwecanpaytootherthingsinourfieldofvision.Imageslandonourretinas(视网膜)andareeitherboostedorplayeddowninthevisualcortexbeforebeingpassedtothebrain,justastheauditorycortexfilterssounds,asshownintheNaturestudylastweek.“It’sapush-pull
relationship
—themorewefocusononething,thelesswecanfocusonothers,”saysDianeM.Beck,an
associate
professorof
psychology
attheUniversityofIllinois.Studiesoverthepast
decade
attheUniversityofUtahshowthatdriverstalkingonhands-freecellphonesarejustasinfluencedasthoseonhands-heldphonesbecauseitistheconversation,notthedevice,thatisdistractingtheirattention.Thosetalkingonanykindofcellphonereactmoreslowlyandmissmoretrafficsignalsthanothermotorists.Somepeoplecantrainthemselvestopayextraattentiontothingsthatareimportant—likepoliceofficerslearntoscancrowdsforfacesandconductorscanlistenforindividualinstrumentswithinthe
orchestra
asawhole.Manymorethinktheycaneffectivelymultitask,butareactuallyshiftingtheirattentionrapidlybetweentwothingsandnotgettingthefulleffectofeither,expertssay.1、WhathavescientistsinUniversityofCaliforniafoundabout“thecocktail-partyeffect”?A.Usuallythereisonlyonepersonwhoisspeakingalone.B.Allkindsofannoyingsoundsdriveupthedecibellevel.C.Thehigherbrainprocessessoundsandimagesselectively.D.Soundsaresortedoutbeforereachingthehigherbrain.2、Whatdowelearnfromthepassage?A.Wearebiologicallyincapableofmultitasking.B.Wesurvivedistractionsinlifebymultitasking.C.Wecannotmultitaskwithoutextraattention.D.Webenefitfrompushingthelimitwithmultitasking.3、Whichofthefollowingisanexampleof“inattentionalblindness”?A.Acarelessdriverlosthiseyesightafteracaraccident.B.Policescannedthecrowdsandlocatedthecriminal.C.Amanagertalkedonahands-freephonewithhisclient.D.Apedestrianhadacaraccidentbecauseofphubbing(低头).4、Themainpurposeofthepassageisto______.A.compareandcontrastB.informandexplainC.argueanddiscussD.examineandevaluatePartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)RMSTitanicwasaBritishshipthatsank(沉没)intheNorthAtlanticOceanintheearlymorninghoursofApril15,1.Therewereabout2,224peopleaboardtheship,morethan1,500of2.died,makingitoneofthe3.(bad)oceandisastersinmodemhistorySofartheship4.(rest)ontheoceanfloorformorethanacenturyIn2012thefirstcurioustouristswerebroughttoitandsawtheshipthemselvesNowpeoplewillonceagaingetthechance5.(visit)theTitanicThiscouldbeoneofthelast6.(chance)A2016studyshowedthatabacteria(细菌)couldeatawaywhat7.(leave)ofthefamousshipinside15or20yearsTheeight-dayjourneywilltransportvisitorsinanunderseaboat8.thefinalrestingplaceoftheTitanicThefirsttripisalready9.(full)booked,thoughtheexperiencecosts105,129dollarsperpersonVisitorswillhaveagreattimearoundthevastfieldwheretheTitanicrests,hometo10.greatmanyancienttreasures,11.(remain)untouchedforoveracenturyAyoungmanandanoldmanwerewaitingforabusTheysatnexttoeachother“What’sthatinyourbag?”askedtheyoungman“Gold”answeredtheoldmanTheyoungmancouldnotbelievehisownearsThenhebegantothinkabouthow1.(get)themoneyTheoldmanwasverytiredand2.seemedthathecouldhardlykeephiseyesopenAfterawhiletheoldman3.(lie)downonthechairandfell4.(sleep)Theyoungmantook5.bigbagquietlyButwhenhewasjustabouttorunaway,hefoundacornerofhisfurcoatwasundertheman’sbodySeveraltimeshetriedtopullitout,6.hecouldn’tmakeitAtlasthetookoffhiscoat,7.(think)thatthegoldinthebagmustcostfarmorethanhisfurcoatThentheyoungmanranoutofthestation8.(quick),untilhereachedaplace9.hethoughttheoldmancouldnotfindhimHeopenedthebagbuthejustfoundmanysmallstonesinitThenheranbacktothestationonlytofindthattheoldmanwas10.(go)SectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Sportsofferkidstheabilitytoexercisewhilehavingfun,thechancetolearnhowtoplayasateam,andagoodwaytodevelopathleticskills.Despitethesebenefits,70%ofkidsquitsportsbytheageof13.1、.◆2、.Haveyoueverwatchedkindergartenersplaysocceragainstanotherteamofkindergarteners?Itisbothenjoyableandamusing.Nomatterwhatthescore,allthekidshaveagoodtimeandarehappy.3、.Thefocuschangesfromhavingfuntopracticingskills.Onlythepre-teenswiththebestskillscangetthemosttimeinthegame.Whatwasafunactivityatage5becomesasourceofstressandpressureforapre-teen.Thosewhoarenotamongthemosttalentedplayerstendtoquitandfindsomethingelsetheymightbegoodat.◆Itcostsmore.4、.Parentsofapre-teenaregoingtoneedtopurchaseauniform,gear,andequipment.Teamsneedtotraveltocompeteagainstteamsfromotherschoolsordistricts.Parentswhowanttowatchthegamesnowhaveextragascoststodealwith.Therefore,whenanactivitybecomesexpensive,parentsstartpushingtheirpre-teentodowellinit.Perhapstheparentscomplainthatiftheirpre-teenissittingonthebench,orisn’tthestarplayer,themoneywasn’tworthit.Thisaddsextrapressureonapre-teenwhomightquittheteam.◆It’stheage.Parentsneedtorememberthatpre-teensaregoingthroughalotofchanges.TheirbodiesarechangingSchoolhasbecomemorechallenging(andrequiresthemtomanagealotofhomework).5、Ifyourpre-teen’sfriendsquitplayingsoccer,yourpre-teenmightquitaswell.A.Theirpeersarebecomingmoreimportanttothemthantheirfamilyis.B.Themoremoneyinasport,thelessparticipationinit.C.Askidsgetolder,theexperienceofplayingsportschanges.D.Theolderaplayergets,themoreexpensivetheparticipationinasportbecomes.E.Itstopsbeingfun.F.Herearesomereasonswhythathappens.G.Theirfriendsarebecomingboredofsomesport.Whenwewerekids,ifourparentswantedustostopt
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