英语被动语态专项训练-讲解+句型转换

中考被动语态专项训练-讲解+句型转换主动语态与被动语态一.概念:主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。二.被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词三.被动语态的时态:以为work例:1.一般现在时:am/is/are+worked2.一般过去时:was/were+worked3.一般将来时:shall/will+be+worked4.过去将来时:should/would+worked5.现在进行时:am/is/are+being+worked6.过去进行时:was/were+being+worked7.过去进行时:was/were+being+worked8.现在完成时:have/has+been+worked9.过去完成时:had+been+worked10.将来完成时:shall/will+havebeen+worked11.过去将来完成时:should/would+havebeen+worked12.情态动词(can/may/must/shouldetc.)+be+动词的过去分词四.用法：当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。五.方法：ManypeoplespeakEnglish.(主动语态)Englishisspokenbymanypeople.（被动语态）六.注意以下问题：A.带有双宾语的动词变为被动语态时，可以把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语(sth.)变为主语，须根据习惯在原间接宾语前加上介词to或for.用to的常见词有：give,show,send,lend,pass,pay,teach,throw,take,bringetc.用for的常见词有：make,choose,sing,play,draw,save,buy,get,leave,cooketc.eg.1.Marygavehimsomebooks.HewasgivensomebooksbyMary.SomebooksweregiventohimbyMary.2.Herfatherboughtheranewbike.Shewasboughtanewbikebyherfather.Anewbikewasboughtforherbyherfather.B.带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语不可变为主语。eg.1.WecallhimGina.HeiscalledGina(byus).2.Theymademehappy.Iwasmadehappy(bythem).3.Heaskedmetocomehere.Iwasaskedtocomehere(byhim)C.在see,let,make,hear,watchetc.动词之后，作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to，但在变为被动语态时，则一定要加上to。eg.1.Wesawthemplayfootballjustnow.Theywereseentoplayfootballjustnow.2.WeoftenhearhersinginEnglish.SheisoftenheardtosinginEnglish.D.在某些“不及物动词+介词/副词”(相当于及物物动词)的句子中，变被动语态时，注意不要丢掉介词/副词。eg.1.Peopleoftentalkaboutthatfilm.Thatfilmisoftentalkedabout.2.Weshouldspeaktotheoldpeoplepolitely.Theoldpeopleshouldbespokentopolitely.E.当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。

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day?4.Weoftensingthissong.____________________________________________.5.Doeshecleantheroomeveryday?______theroom__________________everyday?6.Didhepaintthewindowred?______thewindow______________________?7.Mycousinrepairedthebrokenwatch.Thebrokenwatch______________mycousin.8.Theybuiltabridgebetweenthetwoislandslastyear.Abridge________________betweenthetwoislandslastyear.9.Wheredidtheyplanttrees?Where_________trees_________?10.Hebrokehisleginthematch.________________________.11.Wewillgiveabirthdaypartytomorrow.___________________________________________.12.Shewillsellherhousesoon.___________________________________________.13.Wewillbuildanewlibrarythisyear.Anewlibrary____________________by_______thisyear.14.PeoplearestillcuttingdowntoomanytreesintheUSA.______________________________________________________.15.Heisrepairingthemachine.___________________________________________.16.Aretheyteachingforeignlanguagesthere?______foreignlanguages________________there?17.Areyougoingtomakeanewplane?____anewplane_____________________?18.Hehasfinishedhiswork.________________________________________.19.Havetheyfinishedthenewproject?______thenewproject_____________by______?20.Weshouldplantthetreesaroundthelake.Thetrees________________aroundthelake.21.Youcanborrowtwobooksatatime.Twobooks___________________________atatime.22.Wecallmathsthelanguageofscience.Maths__________________thelanguageofscience.23.Theteachermadethestudentscopythetext.Thestudents___________________________copythetext.24.SomeonesawJohncrossthestreetjustnow.John___________________________thestreetjustnowbysomeone.25.The

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.30.Myauntboughtmeapresentonmybirthday.I_________apresentbymyauntonmybirthday.Apresent______________mebymyauntonmybirthday.二、英语书面表达专项训练2．安全对每个人都很重要。请根据以下信息内容提示，写一篇关于校园安全的英语小短文。提示：1.体育锻炼2.上下楼梯3.交朋结友4.食品卫生要求：1.语句通顺，表达准确，内容连贯；2．短文可以适当发挥；但要包含以上要点。3．词数：80—100词。短文开头已给出，不计入总词数。Safetyhasbecomethefocustousall.Howtobesafeatschoolisespeciallyimportanttousstudents.________________________________________________________【答案】Safetyhasbecomethefocustousall.Howtobesafeatschoolisespeciallyimportanttousstudents.First,weshouldtakecarenottogetourselvesinjuredwhilewearehavingsports.Second,Therearetoomanystudentsatschool,andourhallwaysaretoonarrow.Sodon’tcrowdwitheachotherespeciallywhenwegoupstairsordownstairs.Ortheremaybeanaccident.Besides,weshouldbefriendlyandgetonwellwithothers,don’tquarrelorevenfight.Lastbutnotleast,Weshouldbecarefultoeathealthyfoodandkeepawayfromjunkfood,whichisharmfultoourhealth.Inaword,it'simportanttoremembertheseforusall.【解析】这是一篇给材料作文。结合要点提示，可知本文主要从三个方面进行叙述，注意围绕要点组织材料，适当发挥。根据材料内容确定主要句子的时态，及句式等重要内容。写作中注意语义通顺，符合逻辑关系。上下文之间可以适当使用连接词。3．假如你是LiuBin，请用英语给笔友Bob回复邮件。注意：1.文中不得出现你的真实姓名和学校名称；2.要点齐全，语言通顺，意思连贯，条理清楚，书写规范；3.词数100左右，邮件的开头与结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。DearBob,I’mverygladtoknowthatyouwillcometoourschool.Yours,LiuBin【答案】DearBob,I'mverygladtoknowthatyouwillcometoourschool.Letmetellyousomethingaboutit.Ourschoolisverybigandourclassroomisverytidy.Wegotoschoolfivedaysaweekandhavesixclasseseveryday.Thereisalsoanactivityclassintheafternoon.UsuallyItakeexerciseafterschoolsothatIcankeephealthyandstudybetter.SometimesIlistentothemusicforawhile,whichisagoodwaytorelaxmyself.Ofcourse,Ihelpmyparentswiththehouseworkattheweekendstoo.Myclassmatesareverynice.Weoftenhelpeachother.Everyonehashisownwaytodothings,soweshouldunderstandeachother.Besides,itisimportantforustocommunicatewitheachotherandshareourhappinessandsadness.I'mlookingforwardtoyourcoming.Yours,LiuBin【解析】【详解】这篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短语，为文章增色不少，如begladto，listentothemusic，fivedaysaweek，sothat，preparefor，forawhile，ofcourse，attheweekends，helpeachother，lookforwardto等。而固定句型itisimportantforustocommunicatewitheachotherandshareourhappinessandsadness.和I'mverygladtoknowthatyouwillcometoourschool./UsuallyItakeexerciseafterschoolsothatIcankeephealthyandstudybetter./SometimesIlistentothemusicforawhile,whichisagoodwaytorelaxmyself.等复杂从句结构的运用，丰富了短文内容，使表达多样化，是本文的亮点。在学习中注意总结牢记一些固定句式及短语，写作时就可以适当引用，使文章表达更有逻辑性，也更富有条理。【点睛】书面表达题既不是汉译英，也不是可任意发挥的作文。它要求将所规定的材料内容经整理后展开思维，考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意思的能力。所以，考生不能遗漏要点，要尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、短语和句式，尽可能使用高级词汇和较复杂的句式结构以便得到较高的分数。4．假如你是班长李华，今天你们班对即将到来的暑假计划进行了讨论。你们班的外教David对此很感兴趣。请你根据以下信息，给David写一封电子邮件，告诉他讨论的情况及你自己本人的计划及原因。比例计划原因50%去国内外旅游1.放松;2.欣赏美景30%多读一些书1.增长知识；2.培养兴趣20%参加社会实践1.锻炼自己;2.结识朋友你的计划?(至少一个)？（请你补充）注意：(1)邮件应包含所有要点(2)词数80个左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数)；(3)不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息，否则不予评分注：社会实践socialpracticeactivitiesDearDavidI'mwritingtotellyousomethingaboutourdiscussiontoday.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Bestwishes!YoursLiHua【答案】DearDavidI'mwritingtotellyousomethingaboutourdiscussiontoday.Thestudentshavetheirownplansabouthowtospendameaningfulsummervacation.Halfofthestudentsplantotravelathomeandabroad.Theywanttorelaxandenjoythebeautifulscenery.Thirtypercentofstudentsplantoreadmorebooks.Theybelievethatreadingcanincreaseknowledge.Readingbookscanmakepeoplesmartanddevelopinterests.20%ofthemplantotakepartinsocialpracticeactivities.Theywanttoexercisethemselvesandmakenewfriends.I'mgoingtotakepartinsocialpracticeactivities,too.Iwanttolearnsomethingnewandgetgoodexperiencefromtheseactivities.Bestwishes!YoursLiHua【解析】【详解】这篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短语，为文章增色不少，如howtodo，spendameaningfulsummervacation，halfof，plantodo，travelathomeandabroad，enjoythebeautifulscenery，takepartin，socialpracticeactivities，makenewfriends等。而非谓语动词结构Thestudentshavetheirownplansabouthowtospendameaningfulsummervacation./Readingbookscanmakepeoplesmartanddevelopinterests.和宾语从句Theybelievethatreadingcanincreaseknowledge.的运用，丰富了短文内容，使表达多样化，是本文的亮点。在学习中注意总结牢记一些固定句式及短语，写作时就可以适当引用，使文章表达更有逻辑性，也更富有条理。【点睛】书面表达题既不是汉译英，也不是可任意发挥的作文。它要求将所规定的材料内容经整理后展开思维，考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意思的能力。所以，考生不能遗漏要点，要尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、短语和句式，尽可能使用高级词汇和较复杂的句式结构以便得到较高的分数。5．书面表达根据要求完成短文写作，请将作文写在答题卡指定的位置上。每年春节，每个孩子都能收到来自长辈的压岁钱（luckymoney）。随着生活水平的提高，大部分孩子得到越来越多的压岁钱，有些甚至通过微信(WeChat)或支付宝(Alipay)收压岁钱。同学们该如何管理自己的钱，让自己的钱用得更有意义？请结合自己的实际写一篇文章，词数80词以上，文中不能出现真实校名和人名。内容包括如下：1.你的压岁钱的来源和用途；2.对合理使用压岁钱的建议（至少3点）；3.呼吁大家节约用钱，把自己的压岁钱用在最需要、最有意义的地方。【答案】EverySpringFestivalIreceivealotofluckymoneyfrommyparentsandrelatives.NowIevengetitthroughWeChatorAlipay.Iusuallybuysomeofmyfavoritebooks,schoolthingsandsomefancyclothes.SometimesIalsobuysomegiftsformyparents.Inordertomakegooduseoftheluckymoney,Ithinkwecandothefollowingthings.First,weshouldsavepartofthemoneyforourstudyinsteadofwastingitonvideogames.Second,itisagoodideatobuysomethingusefulforourparentsorteacherssothatwecanshowourlovetothem.Whatismore,whynotdonateourluckymoneytothepoorkidsinneed?Helpingothersmakesushappy.Allinall,letusmanageourluckymoneyproperly.Weshoulduseourmoneyinameaningfulway.【解析】【详解】每年春节，每个孩子都能收到来自长辈的压岁钱（luckymoney）。随着生活水平的提高，大部分孩子得到越来越多的压岁钱，有些甚至通过微信(WeChat)或支付宝(Alipay)收压岁钱。同学们该如何管理自己的钱，让自己的钱用得更有意义？这是一篇给材料作文，本题所给材料比较详细，写作中注意将所给内容表达出来，不能逐字翻译。通过阅读材料可知这篇短文主要使用的人称就是第一人称，时态为一般现在时态，注意谓语动词的变化。动笔前可以按照材料内容列出简单提纲，写作中注意语义通顺，符合逻辑关系。上下文之间可以适当使用连接词。【点睛】文章使用了很好的短语和句子：Inordertomakegooduseoftheluckymoney,Ithinkwecandothefollowingthings.First,weshouldsavepartofthemoneyforourstudyinsteadofwastingitonvideogames.这些给文章增色不少。6．Agoodbookisimportanttome要求：1.紧扣主题，意思连贯，语言通顺，书写规范。2.不得使用真实姓名和校名，如需使用名字，请用Mike,Gina等英文名字;校名统一使用GuangmingMiddleSchool。3.词数不少于60。【答案】Agoodbookisimportantforme.Itcannotonlyhelpbroadenmyhorizons,butalsogivemeinspiration.Fromthegoodbook,Icanlearnwhatothersthink,andtheirviewsabouttheworld.What’smore,Icanevenlivetheirlives,whicharetotallydifferentfrommine.Forme,agoodbookisreallylikeagoodfriend,whocanteachmehowtosolvetheproblemswhenIamintrouble.Agoodbookhelpsmealot,anditisquiteimportantformeinmylife.【解析】【分析】本题是命题作文，根据题目一本好书对我是重要的，自己写相关内容，可以是你读了什么书，该书对你产生了什么影响。也可以是一本好书为什么对你来说是重要的。【详解】本篇文章主要从为什么对我重要这个角度来写。文章时态主要用一般现在时，人称为第一人称。题目并没有给过多的提示信息，所以需要学生自己思索行文内容。在写作时，注意紧扣主题，连句成篇，要层次清楚，要点分明，中心突出。同时要注意语言的表述应该符合语法的结构，造句应该符合英语的表达习惯；尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，最好不要写太长的复合句；尽量选取简单的易拼写的单词，确保正确率；词汇、句式要丰富多样，可以为文章增色添彩。最后要细心复核检查，确保正确无误。【点睛】首先认真审题，看清题目中的要求和要点；然后根据提示内容，列出写作要点及每个要点中可能要用到的表达；然后紧扣要点，动笔写作，在写作过程中，要注意句与句、段与段之间的过渡，必要时可适当运用表示转折、因果、并列、比较等关系的连词，使文章过渡平稳，自然流畅；最后，要仔细检查有无单词拼写错误、标点符号误用等，还要检查语法结构是否合理，有无重复、啰嗦的语言，大小写是否正确，词数是否符合要求等。7．你校正在举办以“社会主义核心价值观”为主题的英语演讲比赛，你准备从“和善”这一点展开论述，请根据提示，以“Kindnessisagift”为题，写一篇英语演讲稿。要求：1）表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯；2）必须包括提示中所有信息，并适当发挥；3）词数：100词左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；4）不得使用真实姓名、校名和地名等。KindnessisagiftDearclassmates,Ithinkkindnessisaspecialgifttoeveryone.Howcanweshowittoothersinourdailylife?That’sallformyspeech.Thankyou!【答案】例文Dearclassmates,Ithinkkindnessisaspecialgifttoeveryone.Howcanweshowittoothersinourdailylife?Whenwe’reathome,it’simportanttoshowourrespecttoourparents.Helpingthemdosomehouseworkwillmakeusclosetoeachother.Weshouldalsobekindenoughtoourneighboursinourneighborhood.Whilethey’reawayfromhome,wecankeepaneyeontheirhouses.Atschool,tellourclassmatestoaskforhelpwhenevertheyneed.Ifoneofthemisabsentfromschool,wecanhelpthemwiththelesson.Onthebus,weshouldtakecareoftheelderlybygivingthemourseats.Andoncethereissomeonewhotriestofightwiththebusdriver,it’sbetterforustostophim.Ihopeeveryonecanbekindtootherssothatwecanliveinaworldfulloflove.That’sallformyspeech.Thankyou!【解析】【详解】你校正在举办以“社会主义核心价值观”为主题的英语演讲比赛，你准备从“和善”这一点展开论述，请根据提示，以“Kindnessisagift”为题，写一篇英语演讲稿。内容要求中指出了写作要点，动笔前一定要认真阅读内容要点，根据内容要点组织材料，确定句子人称，时态等问题。可以先把各要点用句子表达出来，然后再组合成文。写作中注意语意通顺，符合逻辑关系，为了使短文更显得有逻辑性，在列举自己的优势时，可以适当使用序数词。举出的例子要有说服力，想象合理并适当发挥，不能遗漏要点。注意采用一些习惯的句式，固定短语，以使自己的演讲稿更有文采。写完后多读几遍，适当修改。【点睛】这是一篇非常优秀的文章，作者用到了一些好的句型：it’simportanttoshowourrespecttoourparents.Helpingthemdosomehouseworkwillmakeusclosetoeachother.；Ifoneofthemisabsentfromschool,wecanhelpthemwiththelesson.这些给文章增色不少。8．书面表达校园安全问题越来越受到重视，为了确保学生的安全，学校制订了一些规章制度。请根据提示内容，以“Schoolsafety”为题写一篇100词左右的英语短文。提示：1.遵守校规，按时到校、离校；2.不接受陌生人的物品；3.结伴同行，天黑前到家；4.遇到麻烦及时告知家长和老师。Schoolsafety_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】SchoolsafetyMoreandmorepeoplepayspecialattentiontotheschoolsafetynowadays.Herearesomerulestokeepussafe.First,asstudents,weshouldfollowtheschoolrules,suchasnotbeinglateforschoolandleavingschoolearly.Second,weshouldn’tgowithstrangersandweshouldn’tacceptthingsfromstrangers.Third,it’sbetterforustohavepartnersonthewayhomeandtoschoolandwemustgethomebeforedark.Fourth,ifweareintrouble,don’tforgettotellourparentsorteachersassoonaspossible.Ithinktheserulesaregoodforus.Wemustobeythem.【解析】【详解】这是一篇话题作文，根据材料中的相关信息介绍一下校园安全。所提供的材料中列举了为了确保学生的安全，学校制订了一些规章制度。主要从1.遵守校规，按时到校、离校；2.不接受陌生人的物品；3.