Unit+5+Languages+Around+the+World+Reading+and+Thinking 课文逐句理解讲义 高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

TheChineseWritingSystem:ConnectingThePastandThePresent课文逐句理解第一段：1读-2译-3找（短语/从句）Chinaiswidelyknownforitsancientcivilizationwhichhascontinuedallthewaythroughintomoderntimes,despitethemanyupsanddownsinitshistory.Therearemanyreasonswhythishasbeenpossible,butoneofthemainfactorshasbeentheChinesewritingsystem.Chinaiswidelyknownforitsancientcivilizationwhichhascontinuedallthewaythroughintomoderntimes,despitethemanyupsanddownsinitshistory.中国以其古代文明而闻名,尽管历史兴衰更替，但文明一直延续到现代。语言积累：1.因...而广为人知：bewidelyknownfor2.古代文明：ancientcivilization3.自始至终，从头到尾：allthewaythrough4.尽管：despite5.起起伏伏；兴衰：upsanddownsChinaiswidelyknownforitsancientcivilizationwhichhascontinuedallthewaythroughintomoderntimes,despitethemanyupsanddownsinitshistory.中国以其古代文明而闻名,尽管历史兴衰更替，但文明一直延续到现代。语法知识：....civilizationwhichhascontinuedallthewaythroughintomoderntimes...which引导的是什么从句？判断依据是什么?______________________________________依据：__________________________________为什么用which引导？______________________________________Therearemanyreasonswhythishasbeenpossible,butoneofthemainfactorshasbeentheChinesewritingsystem.为什么这种情况成为可能的原因有很多，但其中一个主要因素是汉字书写系统。语法知识：Therearemanyreasonswhythishasbeenpossiblewhy引导的是什么从句？判断依据是什么？答：______________________________________依据：______________________________________为什么用why引导？______________________________________第二段：1读-2译-3找（短语/从句）Atthebeginning,writtenChinesewasapicture-basedlanguage.Itdatesbackseveralthousandyearstotheuseoflonggu--animalbonesandshellsonwhichsymbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople.Someoftheancientsymbolscanstillbeseenintoday'shanzi.Atthebeginning,writtenChinesewasapicture-basedlanguage.语言知识积累：一开始:Atthebeginning2.一种基于图片的语言:apicture-basedlanguage词汇拓展：basedadj.以(某事)为基础的bebasedon/upon...以……为基础Truefriendshipshouldbebasedoneachother'sunderstandingandrespect.真正的友谊应该建立在彼此理解和尊重的基础上。2.basevt.以..为基础n根据base...on/upon...把…建立在…的基础上3.basisn.基础onthebasisof以……为基础eg:Statementshouldbemadeonthebasisoffact.说话要有根据。basicadj.基础的；基本的Itdatesbackseveralthousandyearstotheuseoflonggu--animalbonesandshellsonwhichsymbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople.它可以追溯到几千年前的龙骨的使用——龙骨是古代中国人雕刻符号的动物骨头和贝壳。语言知识积累：1.datesbackto追溯到2.symboln.象征，代表,符号3.carvev.雕刻词汇拓展：dateback(to)一般只用现在时态，没有被动语态。作定语或状语时只有主动的datingbackto/from形式。eg:中国饮茶文化源远流长，可以追溯到1000多年前。(介绍传统文化)Chinesetea-drinkingculturehasalonghistorydatingbacktomorethan1,000yearsago.=whichdatesbacktomorethan1,000yearsago.单元语法知识精讲：介词+关系代词引导的定语从句...animalbonesandshellsonwhichsymbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople1.onwhich引导的是什么从句？依据是什么？______________________________________依据：______________________________________2.为什么是onwhich?①介词加关系代词引导的定语从句,介词一般来源于从句中的某个动词；本句根据句子意思，是carve...on...把…雕刻在…上，所以是on.②介词加关系代词引导的定语从句，关系代词的选择，一般为whom指人，which指事物本处为“雕刻在bonesandshells"上，指代事物，因此用which.单元语法精讲：介词+关系代词引导的定语从句--介词的选择介词的选用：可以遵循“一名二动三逻辑”的原则(1)“一名”——依据与先行词n搭配的具体意义而定。IstillrememberthedayonwhichIgraduatedfromcollege.我仍然记得我大学毕业的那一天。(2)“二动”—依据定语从句中动词或形容词等所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。YesterdaywevisitedtheWestLakeforwhichHangzhouisknown.昨天我们游览了西湖，杭州因其而出名。(3)“三逻辑”——根据从句表达的意义和先行词的逻辑关系来确定。Thecolorlessgaswithoutwhichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.这种无色的、离开它我们就无法生存的气体叫作氧气。请在横线处填入适当的介词①I’llneverforgetthefarm_____whichIspentmychildhoodinthecountry.解析:介词的选择依据与先行词搭配的具体意义而定:onthefarm在农场②Thisisthebook______whichwetalkedyesterday.介词的选择依据定从中动词/形容词所需要的习惯搭配而定:talkabout③MrFieldgraduatedin2009，____whichheenteredafamousITcompany.介词的选择根据从句表达的意义和先行词的逻辑关系来确定:afterhegraduatedin2009介词+whom指人，介词+which指事/物1.Thisisthefarmon______myfathergrowsfruitandvegetables.2.Thisistheathletefrom______wehavelearntalot.3.Thisisthehumorousguyabout_______Ioftentalkwithyou.4.Iwillshowyouthebookin_______Ifoundtheanswer.Someoftheancientsymbolscanstillbeseenintoday'shanzi.一些古代的符号仍然可以在今天的汉字中看到。第三段：1读-2译-3找（短语/从句）BytheShangDynasty(around1600-1046BCE),thissymbolshadbecomeawelldevelopedwritingsystem.Overtheyears,thesystemdevelopedintodifferentforms,asitwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically,leadingtomanyvarietiesofdialectsandcharacters.This,however,changedunderEmperorQinshihuangoftheQindynasty(221-207BCE)BytheShangDynasty(around1600-1046BCE),thissymbolshadbecomeawelldevelopedwritingsystem.到了商朝（约公元前1600-1046年），这些符号已经成为一个完善的书写系统Overtheyears,thesystemdevelopedintodifferentforms,asitwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically,leadingtomanyvarietiesofdialectsandcharacters.多年来，这个系统发展成不同的形式，因为那是一个人们在地理上被分隔的时代，导致了许多不同的方言和文字语言知识积累：1.formn.形式；表格v.形成常考搭配：formthegoodhabitofdoingsth养成做某事的好习惯Weshouldformthegoodhabitofgoingtobedearlyandgettingupearly.2.dividev.分开常考搭配：bedividedinto被分为eg:Wearedividedinto4groups.3.varietyn．变体；多样化variousadj.各种各样的varyv．变化;不同·①avarietyof=varietiesof=various各种各样的(邀请信)我写信邀请你三月来我们城市，届时将展览各种各样的风筝。IamwritingtoinviteyoutocometoourcityinMarch，whenvarious/avarietyof/varietiesofkiteswillbeonexhibition.②forvariousreasons由于种种原因·(道歉信)由于种种原因，周天我不能和你一起去书店，请接受我诚挚的歉意。Forvariousreasons，Ican’tgotothebookstoreonSundaywithyou.Sopleaseacceptmysincereapology.③varywith随着…变化(应用文之活动介绍)我们学校组织的课外活动随季节而变化。Theextra-curricularactivitiesourschoolorganizesvarywiththeseason.④varyfrom...to...由…到…不等;在…到…之间变动(应用文之活动介绍)本次主题班会聚焦中国传统文化，从剪纸到古筝等等。ThethemeclassmeetingfocusesontraditionalChinesecultures，whichvaryfrompaper-cuttingtoguzheng.Overtheyears,thesystemdevelopedintodifferentforms,asitwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically,leadingtomanyvarietiesofdialectsandcharacters.语法学习1.as引导的什么从句？as引导的是原因状语从句表示原因2.when引导的什么从句？依据是什么？为什么用when？when引导的是定语从句从句依据：位于名词后，且从句修饰限定先行词用when：定语从句不缺主/宾--用关系副词--指时间--用when3.leadingto属于什么语法现象？为什么是leading？leading属于非谓语非谓语--表主动-用V-ing单元语法精讲--关系副词引导的定语从句1.当从句不缺主宾时，我们就用关系副词引导2.关系副词包括when(指时间)where(指地点)why表原因例①Theexpertswentintothehallwherethemeetingwasbeingheld.语法解析：从句不缺主/宾--用关系副词--指地点--用where例②ItwasatimewhenIdidn’tunderstandwhatdeathmeant.语法解析：从句不缺主/宾--用关系副词--指时间--用when例③Doyouknowthereasonwhysheisundergreatstress？语法解析：从句不缺主/宾--用关系副词--指原因--用why习题巩固：①I’llneverforgettheday____Iwastrappedinaburninghouse.语法解析：从句不缺主/宾--用关系副词--指时间--用when②Thestadium_____theathletesworkoutisnotfarfromhere.语法解析：从句不缺主/宾--用关系副词--指地点--用where③Idon’tknowthereason____theathletegaveuphalfwaythroughthecompetition.语法解析：从句不缺主/宾--用关系副词--指原因--用whyThis,however,changedunderEmperorQinshihuangoftheQindynasty(221-207BCE)然而，这在秦朝（公元前221-207年）的统治下发生了改变第四段：1读-2译-3找（短语/从句）

EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountrywheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.ThatwritingsystemwasofgreatimportanceinunitingtheChinesepeopleandculture.Eventoday,nomatterwhereChinesepeopleliveorwhatdialecttheyspeak,theycanallstillcommunicateinwriting.EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountrywheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.秦始皇皇一统七国，中文书写体系开始向一个方向发展。语言知识积累：1.unite/juˈnaɪt/v.（使）联合,（使）团结；使统一eg:Allofusshoulduniteinprotectingenvironment.我们应该团结起来保护环境。unitedadj团结的2.unified/ˈjuːnɪfaɪd/adj.一致的，统一的unifyv.（使）联合，（使）统一语言知识积累：1.majoradj.主要的；重要的；大的2.majorvi.主修；专门研究majorin主修…eg:我在大学主修书法,因此,我相信我能够成为一名合格的志愿者(申请信)Imajoredincalligraphyatuniversity，soIamconfidentthatIcanbeaqualifiedvolunteer.3.majorn.主修课程;主修学生IamanEnglishmajor.4.majorityn．大多数…·a/themajorityof大多数eg:Themajorityofthestudentsthinkthatweshouldnotbringmobilephonetoschool.语法知识：....countrywheretheChinesewritingsystembeganto....1.where引导的是什么从句？依据是什么？答：定语从句依据：从句位于名词后，且对该名词起修饰限定的作用2.为什么用where引导？定语从句不缺主/宾--用关系副词---指地点--用whereThatwritingsystemwasofgreatimportanceinunitingtheChinesepeopleandculture.这种书写制度对团结中国人民和中国文化具有重要意义。知识积累：beofgreatimportance=begreatlyimportant...很重要“beof＋抽象n”相当于“be＋adj”，这一结构可以说明主语的性质。常见的抽象n:importance/value/use/help/benefit/significance等。eg:你对解决这个有挑战性的问题所付出的努力非常有价值。Yourefforttosolvethechallengingproblemisofgreatvalue.YourefforttosolvethechallengingproblemisgreatlyvaluableEventoday,nomatterwhereChinesepeopleliveorwhatdialecttheyspeak,theycanallstillcommunicateinwriting.即使在今天，无论中国人住在哪里，无论他们说什么方言，他们仍然可以用书面形式进行交流。语法知识：...nomatterwhereChinesepeopleliveorwhatdialecttheyspeak,…nomatterwhere.…引导的是什么从句？是让步状语从句，表示“不论哪里…”后面的what从句是什么从句？也是让步状语从句，是nomatterwhat的省略，表示“不论什么…”“nomatter＋疑问词what/who/where/when，...”引导让步状语从句，=“疑问词＋everwhatever，whoever，wherever，whenever，...”可放在主句前或主句后eg:无论有多么困难，我都打算按时完成工作。Nomatterhowdifficultitis，I’mgoingtofinishtheworkontime.＝Howeverdifficultitis，I’mgoingtofinishtheworkontime.eg:无论我遇到什么困难，我决不放弃。NomatterwhatdifficultiesIcomeacross，bynomeanswillIgiveup.＝WhateverdifficultiesIcomeacross，bynomeanswillIgiveup.练习：1.无论何时你有问题，请立即联系我。Nomatterwhenyouhaveproblems，Wheneveryouhaveproblems,2.无论我多忙，我都会去帮你。NomatterhowbusyIam，HoweverbusyIam，第五段：1读-2译-3找（短语/从句）WrittenChinesehasalsobecomeanimportantmeansbywhichChina'spresentisconnectedwithitspast.PeopleinmoderntimescanreadclassicalworkswhichwerewrittenbyChineseinancienttimes.ThehighregardfortheChinesewritingsystemcanbeseeninthedevelopmentofChinesecharactersasanartformknownasChinesecalligraphy,whichhasbecomeanimportantpartofChinesecultureWrittenChinesehasalsobecomeanimportantmeansbywhichChina'spresentisconnectedwithitspast.中国文字也成为联系中国现在与过去的重要方式。语言知识积累1：meansn．方法；方式；途径v.意味着byallmeans可以；当然行；没问题bymeansof借助……手段；依靠……方法bynomeans决不；(置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装)eg:Bynomeanswilltheathletegiveuphisdreamofbecomingachampion.这位运动员决不放弃他成为冠军的梦想。语言知识积累2：beconnectedwith...与...相联系/连接WrittenChinesehasalsobecomeanimportantmeansbywhichChina'spresentisconnectedwithitspast.中国文字也成为联系中国现在与过去的重要方式。语法知识...meansbywhichChina'spresentisconnectedwithitspast.bywhich引导的是什么从句？依据是什么？答：______________________________________依据：______________________________________为什么是bywhich?①介词与先行词的关系为：bythemeans通过使用这种方式,因此用by②介词+关系代词引导定语从句，指物means,用whichPeopleinmoderntimescanreadclassicalworkswhichwerewrittenbyChineseinancienttimes.语言知识积累1：peopleinmoderntimes现代人介词短语作后置定语=定语从句peopleinmoderntimes=peoplewholiveinthemoderntimes练习：Heisamanofgoodtemper=_________________________________Thegirlinaredcoatismysister.=_______________________________语言知识积累2：readclassicalworks读经典作品PeopleinmoderntimescanreadclassicalworkswhichwerewrittenbyChineseinancienttimes.语法知识：.....classicalworkswhichwerewrittenbyChineseinancienttimes.which引导的是什么从句？判断依据是什么？答：_____________________