考研英语真题长难句解析结构分析含译文名师版全2023

考研英语真题长难句解析结构分析含译文名师版Attheendofadolescence,however,thebrainshutsdownhalfofthatcapacity,preservingonlythosemodesofthoughtthathaveseemedmostvaluableduringthefirstdecadeorsooflife.词汇突破：adolescence[ˌædəˈlesns]n.青春期preserve[prɪˈzɜːrv]vt.保存；保护；维持；腌；禁猎n.保护区；禁猎地结构分析：句子主干是thebrainshutsdownhalfofthatcapacity。分词短语preservingonly...作主句的状语，表示伴随状况；在该状语从句中，that引导的是定语从句，修饰modesofthought；during...是定语从句中的时间状语。参考译文：然而，在青春期末，大脑会关闭一半的这种能力，只保留那些在生命的头十年左右最有价值的思维方式。Researchersinthelate1960sdiscoveredthathumansarebornwiththecapacitytoapproachchallengesinfourprimaryways:analytically,procedurally,relationally(orcollaboratively)andinnovatively.词汇突破：collaboratively[kəˈlæbəreɪtɪvli]adv.合作地；协作地innovatively[ˈɪnəveɪtɪvli]adv.独创性地；创新地结构分析：本句主干是Researchersdiscoveredthat，that引导的是宾语从句，inthelate1960s是时间状语。在宾语从句中，主语是humans，谓语是arebornwiththecapacity，toapproachchallengesinfourprimaryways是不定式短语作capacity的后置定语，冒号后面的部分是fourprimaryways的同位语。参考译文1960年代后期的研究人员发现，人类天生具有以四种主要方式应对挑战的能力：分析，程序，关系（或协作）和创新。Instead,thenewhabitswedeliberatelypressintoourselvescreateparallelpathwaysthatcanbypassthoseoldroads.词汇突破：deliberately[dɪˈlɪbərətli]adv.故意地；缓慢而谨慎地bypass[ˈbaɪpæs]n.旁路，支路；旁通管，分流术v.绕过，避开；忽视，不顾（规章制度）；设旁路，迂回结构分析：本句的主干结构是thenewhabitscreateparallelpathways。wedeliberatelypressintoourselves是省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰主语thenewhabits；thatcanbypassthoseoldroads也是定语从句，修饰主句宾语parallelpathways。参考译文：相反，我们刻意向自己施加的新习惯创造了可以绕开那些旧路的平行途径。Webelievethatifanimalsranthelabs,theywouldtestustodeterminethelimitsofourpatience,ourfaithfulness,ourmemoryforlocations.词汇突破：determine[dɪˈtɜːrmɪn]v.（使）下决心，（使）做出决定vt.决定，确定；判定，判决；限定vi.确定；决定；判决，终止faithfulness[ˈfeɪθflnəs]n.忠诚；诚实；正确结构分析：句子的主干是Webelieve。theywouldtestustodetermine是前面that引导的宾语从句作believe的宾语。ifanimalsranthelabs是if引导的虚拟条件句。thelimitsofourpatience,ourfaithfulness,ourmemoryforlocations是三个名词短语作determine的并列宾语。参考译文：我们相信，如果动物在实验室中奔跑，它们将对我们进行测试，以确定我们的耐心，忠诚度和位置记忆的极限。Insteadofcastingawistfulglancebackwardatallthespecieswe’veleftinthedustI.Q.-wise,itimplicitlyaskswhattherealcostsofourownintelligencemightbe.词汇突破：cast[kæst]vt.投，抛；计算；浇铸；投射（光、影、视线等）n.投掷，抛；铸件；演员阵容；脱落物vi.投，抛垂钓鱼钩；计算，把几个数字加起来implicitly[ɪmˈplɪsɪtli]adv.含蓄地；暗中结构分析：句子的主干是itimplicitlyasks。Insteadofcasting...thespecies是介词短语作状语。We’veleftinthedustI.Q.-wise是修饰allthespecies的定语