考研《英语一》钟祥市2023年预测试卷含解析

考研《英语一》钟祥市2023年预测试卷SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Thefamilyhadjustmoved．Theyoungwomanwasfeelingalittle1．ItwasMother'sDay—and800milesseparatedherfromherparents．Shehadcalledthemthatmorning，andhermotherhad2howcolorfultheirbackyardwas3springhadarrived．Later，shetoldherhusbandhowshe4thoselilacs(丁香)inherparents’yard．“Iknowwherewecanfindsome，”hesaid．“Getthe5andcomeon．”Soofftheywent．Sometimelater，theystoppedatahillandtherewerelilacsallround．Theyoungwomanrusheduptothenearest6andburiedherfaceintheflowers．Carefully，she7some．Finally，theyreturnedtotheircarforthe8home．Thewomansatsmiling，surroundedbyher9．Whentheywerenearhome，sheshouted“stop”，gotoffquicklyand10toanearbynursinghome．Shewenttotheendoftheporch(门廊)，wherea(n)11patientwassittinginherwheelchair，andputtheflowersintoherlap．Thetwo12，burstingintolaughternowandthen．Latertheyoungwomanturnedandranbacktoher13．Asthecarpulledaway，thewomaninthewheelchair14withasmile，andheldthelilacs15．“Mom，”thekidsasked，“16didyougiveherourflowers?”“ItisMother'sDay，andsheseemsso17whileIhaveallofyou．Andanyonewouldbe18byflowers．”Thissatisfiedthekids，butnotthehusband．Thenextdayhe19someyounglilacsaroundtheiryard．Iwasthehusband．Now，everyMay，ouryardisfulloflilacs．EveryMother’sDayourkids20purplelilacs．AndeveryyearIrememberthatsmileofthelonelyoldwoman．1、A．moved B．worried C．angry D．depressed2、A．1earned B．imagined C．mentioned D．realized3、A．nowthat B．sothat C．asif D．evenif4、A．missed B．grew C．watered D．showed5、A．cars B．kids C．clothes D．1ilacs．6、A．bush B．hill C．yard D．door7、A．bought B．picked C．set D．raised8、A．break B．holiday C．trip D．dinner9、A．friends B．memory C．flowers D．honor10、A．responded B．pointed C．drove D．hurried11、A．1oving B．elderly C．serious D．sensitive12、A．hesitated B．waited C．sat D．chatted13、A．family B．mother C．path D．home14、A．nodded B．waved C．1eft D．continued15、A．sadly B．politely C．quickly D．tightly16、A．why B．when C．how D．where17、A．quiet B．confused C．alone D．patient18、A．calmed B．persuaded C．disappointed D．cheered19、A．arranged B．dried C．planted D．hid20、A．find B．gather C．receive D．buySectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Attimesweallgetangrywhenwearedriving.Itmightbebecausewearestuckinatrafficjamorstuckbehindaveryslowdriver.tmightbebecausewethinkanotherdriverhasdonesomethingverystupidanddangerous.Whateverthereason,itseemsthatgettingangryinacarissomethingwhichhappensmoreandmoreoftenandthereisnowaspecialtermforit:"roadrage".Someexpertseventhinkthatroadrageisakindofmentalillness!Howcanwerecognizethis"illness"ofroadrage?Therearetwokindsofroadrage:aggressivedrivingandaggressivereactionstothewayotherpeoplearedriving.Aggressivedrivingcantakedifferentforms:●Drivingmuchfasterthanthespeedlimit.●Increasingyourspeedveryquickly.●Drivingveryclosebehindthecarinfrontandsoundingthehornorflashingtheheadlights.●Changinglanesverysuddenlyandblockinganothercar.●Movingintoaparkingspacewhereanotherearistryingtopark.Therearealsodifferentreactionstothewayotherpeoplearedriving.Theseinclude:●Makingrudesignsatpeople.●Shoutingatpeopleandthreateningthem.●Deliberatelydrivingintoanotherperson'scar.●Hittingsomebody.●Usingaweaponsuchasabaseballbat,orevenagunoraknife.Roadrageiscertainlynotajoke.Therehavebeenincidentsofroadragewhichhaveledtoseriousinjuriesandevenmurder.Expertsthinkthatonereasonforroadrageisthatfilmsshowalotofexamplesoffastandaggressivedrivingsuchascarchaseswherethiskindofdrivingseemstohepositive.Expertsalsothinkthatthepunishmentsfordangerousdrivingarenotseriousenough.Experienceshowsthatdrivingproblemscanbecontrolled，butittakesalongtime.IntheUKinthelast30years，thepolicehavebeenquitesuccessfulinreducingthenumberofpeoplewhodrinkanddrive.Theyarenowworkingtostoppeopleusingmobilephoneswhentheyaredriving.Let'shopetheycanhavethesamesuccesswithroadrage.1、Whichofthefollowingdescribesaggressivereactionstothewayotherpeoplearedriving？A．Makingpolitesignsatpeople.B．Shoutingatpeopleandthreateningthem.C．Drivingmuchfasterthanthespeedlimit.D．Movingintoaparkingspacewhereanothercaristryingtopark.2、Roadragehappenspossiblybecause______.A．weareinafast-changingsocietyB．itwon'tcauseseriousinjuriesordeathC．thedriversthemselveshavedonesomethingstupidD．thedriverswon'tgetseverepunishmentsfordangerousdriving3、What'sthetoneofthelastparagraph？A．Sad. B．Cold.C．Optimistic. D．Exciting.Text2Asanyplanepassengerwillconfirm,acryingbabyisalmostimpossibletoignore,nomatterhowhardyoutry.Nowscientistsbelievetheymayhaveworkedoutwhy.Ababy’scrypullsattheheartstrings(扣人心弦）inawaywhileothercriesdon’t,researchersfound.Researchersfoundthatababy’scrycantriggeruniqueemotionalresponsesinthebrain,makingitimpossibleforustoignorethem—whetherweareparentsornot.Othertypesofcries,includingcallsofanimalsingreatpain,failtogetthesameresponse…suggestingthebrainisprogrammedtorespondspecificallytoababy’scry.AteamofOxfordUniversityscientistsscannedthebrainsof28menandwomenastheylistenedtoavarietyofcallsandcries.After100milliseconds---roughlythetimeittakestoblink(眨眼)—twopartsofthebrainthatrespondtoemotionlitup.Theirresponsetoababy’scrywasparticularlystrong.Theresponsewasseeninbothmenandwomen—eveniftheyhadnochildren.ResearcherDrChristineParsonssaid,“Youmightreadthatmenshouldjustnoticeababyandstepoveritandnotseeit,butit’snottrue.Thereisaspecialprocessinginmenandwomen,whichmakessensefromanevolutionary(演化的）viewthatbothmenandwomenwouldberespondingtothesecries.”Thestudywasinpeoplewhowerenotparents,yettheyareallrespondingat100mstotheseparticularcries,sothismightbeafundamentalresponsepresentinallofusregardlessofparentalstatus.FellowresearcherKatieYoungsaiditmaytakeabitlongerforsomeonetorecognizetheirownchild’scriesbecausetheyneedtodomore“fine-grainedanalysis”.Theteamhadpreviouslyfoundthatourreactionsspeedupwhenwehearababycrying.Adultsperformedbetteroncomputergameswhentheyheardthesoundofababycryingthanaftertheyheardrecordingsofadultscrying.1、Ababy’scryisdifficulttoignorebecauseit.A．keepsoncryingB．criesharderthanadultsC．causespeoplegreatpainD．makespeoplefeelstrongemotions2、Theunderlinedword“trigger”inParagraph2probablymeans“”A．removeB．avoidC．causeD．cure3、WhatmayChristineParsonsagreeto?A．Almosteveryonemakescertainresponsetoababy’scry.B．Acryingbabymakesnosensetopeoplewithoutchildren.C．Menpaylessattentiontoacryingbabythanwomen.D．Parentscanhardlyrecognizetheirownbabies’cries.4、What’sthemainideaofthetext?A．Whyyoucan’tgetababy’scryoutofyourhead.B．Howtorecognizedifferentbabies’cries.C．Whyababyiseasyandlikelytocry.D．Howtopreventababycrying.Text3Airbags,nowfoundinalmosteveryvehicle,havesavedcountlesslivesandlargelyreducedtheseverityofinjuriesincrashes.Similartechnologycouldgreatlyreducebrokenhips(髋部)resultingfromafall,somethingmostseniorsfear.Dr.RobertBuckmanandhisstart-upcompany,ActiveProtectiveinAllentown,Pennsylvania,hasdevelopedapromisingsolution,awearableairbagthatcanprotecthipbonesintheeventofafall.TheideawastheresultofDr.Buckman’syearsasadoctoratTempleUniversity.Henoticedhowmanyelderlypeoplewerebeingbroughtintohospitalswithbrokenhipduetofalls,andhowtheyoftennevercompletelyrecoveredfromtheinjuries.Hestartedtoaskwhathecoulddoforthesepeople,andthatwaswhenhestartedtryingtofigureoutwhethertherewasawayofhelpingpeoplewhowereatthehighestriskoffallingandsufferingthesekindsofinjuries.Thedeviceiswornmuchlikearegularbelt,butontheoutsideoftheclothing,anditincludessensorsthatmonitorthemovementofhips.Ifthedevicedetectsthattheperson,isfalling,anairbagopensbeforethepersonhitstheground,cushioningthefall.Whenthewearerhitstheground,thebagreducestheforcetothehipbonesby90percent,enoughtoavoidthemajorityofhipinjuries.Withoneoutofeverythreepeopleaged65andoldersufferingseriousfallseachyear,ActiveProtectivehasabigmarketforitswearabledevice.Italsohasthepotentialtosizablyreducehip-relatedhealthcareexpenses:HipinjuriesamongtheelderlycosttheUShealthcaresystemin2012$30billion,whichdoesn’tincludethelong-termcareexpensesassociatedwiththehighpercentageofpatientsthatcannolongerliveindependently.1、WhatisthepurposeoftheActiveProtective’sairbag?A．Toavoidhipinjuriesamongseniors.B．Toprotectseniorsfromcaraccidents.C．Tohelpseniorswiththeirdailynursing.D．Tohelpdoctorsdealwithseriousinjuries.2、WhatinspiredDr.RobertBuckmantomakethedevice?A．Areportonseniors’health.B．Aseriousfallheexperienced.C．Hisworkexperiencesasadoctor.D．SuggestionsofseniorsatTempleUniversity.3、Howdoesthedevicemainlywork?A．Bypredictingroadconditions.B．Byspeedingupbonerecovery.C．Byreducingtheeffectsoffalling.D．Bypreventingpeoplefromfailing.4、WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheActiveProtective’sairbag?A．Itstillneedsimproving.B．Ithasapromisingfuture.C．Itmayencourageseniorstodoexercise.D．ItmayincreaseAmerica’sspendonseniors.Text4Thepillswetaketotreatanxietymayaffectthebehavioroffish,newresearchinthejournalSciencesuggests.Swedishresearchersfoundacommondruginriversdownstreamofwastewatertreatmentplants.Itisadrugfortreatinganxiety,calledoxazepam.Itisaccumulatinginfishandmakesthembolder.Wastewatertreatmentplantsarenotdesignedtogetridofdrugs.Asaresult,thedrugsendupinwildlife,reachingharmfullevels.“It’ssomethingwedon’tthinkaboutveryoften,buttherearealotofsimilaritiesbetweenfishandhumans.Sosomeofourresponsestodrugscanbeseeninfishaswell,”saidKarenKidd.SheisabiologistattheUniversityofNewBrunswick,Canada.Themood-alteringdrugsgetintowaterwayswhenpeopletakingtheprescriptionsthrowunusedpillsintothewastestream.Theresearchersletperch（鲈鱼）swiminlabtankswithconcentrationssimilartothosefounddownstreamfromwastewatertreatmentplants.“Theperchpreferredtoswimaloneratherthaninlargegroups.Theyweremorelikelytoexploretheirenvironment,”saidMicaelJonssonofUmeåUniversityinSweden,whohelpedleadtheresearch.Jonssonsaid,“Thisadventurousbehaviorrequiredmoreenergy.Andtheyatemoreplankton（浮游生物）,ortinyalgae-eatinganimals,toguaranteeenoughenergyfortheiractivities.Thiscouldreducethepopulationofplankton.”Theresultcouldbemorealgae(水藻).Ontheotherhand,thenewbehaviorcouldleadtotheoppositeeffect.Ifperchmakethemselvesclosertotheirnaturalenemies,theyarelikelytobeeatenbythem.Noneofthescientistsissuggestingthatpeopleshouldgiveupthesedrugs.Theyjustwanttoreducetheeffectsofthemedicinesontheenvironment.Theyrecommendwastewatertreatmentplantsshouldberedesignedtogetridofthesemedicines.ButKiddsaidthatwouldbetooexpensiveforsomecommunities.BryanBrooks,directoroftheEnvironmentalHealthScienceProgramatBaylorUniversity,saiddrugscouldalsobedesignedtobreakdownmorequicklyintheenvironment.Andthegovernmentcouldcontinuetorunrecyclingprogramswherepeopledropofftheirunuseddrugsatgovernmentlocations.Brookssaidhe’sparticularlyconcernedaboutdrugeffectsonaquatic（水生的）environments,liketheTrinityRiversouthofDallasandtheSouthPlatteRivernearDenver,wherethemajorityoftheflowcomesfromtreatedwastewater.Inthedevelopingworld,hesaid,theproblemmaybeevenworse,becauseofcarelesswastewatertreatmentandindustrialregulations.1、Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesoxazepam’seffectonfish?A．Itcausesfishtobemoredaring.B．Itmakesfishmuchstronger.C．Ithaslittleinfluenceonfish.D．Ithelpstreatafishdisease.2、Whatwillhappenifperchbecomeadventurous?A．Theywilleatmorealgae.B．Therewillbelessplankton.C．Theywillneedmoreoxazepam.D．Theirnaturalenemieswillbestronger.3、Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．MorewastewatertreatmentplantsareneededB．FishinwastewaterbecomemoreadventurousC．DrugsfortreatingmentaldiseasesendupinwildlifeD．AnxietydrugsfoundinriverschangethebehavioroffishPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Itdoesn’ttakelongtobelieveourownlies,accordingtoanewstudyLastyearatBrandeisUniversity,42participants,abouthalfseniorsandhalfmillennials(千禧一代),weregivenaformwith102questionsabout1．theydidthepreviousdayTheformaskedthemtorespond2．questionssuchas“Didyousetyouralarmclock?”and“Didyouuseaforktoeatlunch?”Onhalfthequestions,3．(choose)atrandom,theresearcherstoldtheparticipantstolieForty-fiveminuteslater,therespondentsanswered4．samequestionnaireThistime,researcherstoldthemtoanswerallthequestions5．(truthful)Thecentralresearchquestionwas:Whentheparticipantsliedonaquestionthefirsttime,didtheythenrememberthey6．(lie)?Theresultsshowedthattheoldergroupweresignificantlymorelikelythantheyounger7．(accept)asthetruthalietheyhadtoldlessthananhour8．(early)“Olderadultshavemore9．(difficult)distinguishingbetweenwhat’srealandnotreal”saidLauraPaige,10．wastheleadauthorofthestudy,“Oncetheybelievealie,itwillcreateanewmemoryforsomethingthatdidn’thappen”Themovie,directedbyStephenChbosky1．(praise)byaudiencesforhittingthesoftspotasasaheartwarmingstorythatmanagestoavoid2．(turn)toosentimental3．(base)onthebest-sellingnovelofthesamename,Wondertellsthestoryofa10-year-oldboynamedAuggie4．wasbornwith5．(face)problem,andhebeginsfifthgradeafter6．(year)ofbeinghome-schooledby7．(he)motherNot8．(expect),Auggie’sunusualappearanceislaughedatbymanypeersButwiththestrongsupportofhisparentsandsister,Auggieeventuallyinspiresthepeople9．himwithcourage,kindnessandwisdomtoearntheir10．(friend),respectandloveSectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Akiln(窑)isatypeofovenorfurnaceusedtocure,harden,orburncertainmaterials.Dependingonwhichmaterialsareheatedinit,akilnmaybesquare,tunnelshaped,orbeehiveshaped,andusuallymadeofbrickorstone.1、Itmaybesetaslowassixty-fivedegreestocuregrainorashighas3,200degreestotransformlimestonetoquicklime(熟石灰).2、Theyhaveavarietyofpurposes.Thecement(水泥)industryusesrevolvingkilnstoheatandseparaterawmaterials.Bricks,pottery,andchinamadefromclaymustbefired,orhardened,inkilns.Certainkindsofcoalandwoodmustbekiln-driedbeforetheycanbeused.Hobbyistsusesmallkilnstofireavarietyofceramic(陶瓷)objects.Therearetwomaintypesofkilns.Aperiodickiln,usedtofirecertainkindsofdelicatechina,israisedtoahightemperatureandthencompletelycooledbeforeitscontentsareremoved.Acontinuous,ortunnelkilncontainsseveralchambers,orzones,whichheat,bake,andcoolaproduct.Stacksofclaybricksmovethroughatunnelkilnontracks.3、Gas,oil,andcoalareallusedtoheatmodernkilns.4、Butforspecialjobs,wherecleanlinessandcarefulheatareimportant,kilnsmustbeheatedbyelectricityoventhoughitismoreexpensive.Smallkilnsusedinthehomeorincraftshopsarealsoheatedelectricallybecauseelectricityiscleanandconvenient.5、Whenancientpeoplediscoveredthatheathardenedsomematerials,theywereabletomakedurablehouseholdobjectssuchasjugsandbowls.Todayourmuseumsdisplaymanykindsofancientstatuesandartobjectsthathavelastedbecausetheyhadbeenkiln-dried.TheycomefromlandsasfarapartasChinaandGreece.A．Itstemperaturemayvary.B．Thentheycomeout,hardened,andcooled.C．Kilnsareusedinindustryandincraft-making.D．Kilnshavebeeninuseforthousandsofyears.E.Anelectrickilnisaheatingchamberusedtotransformmaterials.F.Mostmanufacturersusewhichevermaterialischeapestintheirarea.G.Clay,whenheatedproperly,becomeshardenoughtoformbowlsandplates.WintercareforrosesDorosesneedextracareforwinter?Likesomanyotherthingsinthegarden,theanswerisdebatable.1、Rosesaregroupedandreferredtobytype.Shrubrose