2024年高考英语复习跳出题海医疗知识（模拟篇）（解析版）第一辑

优点英语英语教材·单元主题语境专题训练医疗知识---模拟篇（解析版）【2022届河北省石家庄市高中毕业班教学质量检测（一）】Whensomeonedamagestheirbackbone,theinjurycanleavethemparalyzed(瘫痪).Now,scientistshavegiventhreeparalyzedmentheabilitytowalkagain,thankstoanimplanteddevice.Thehumanbackbone,orspine,doesn’tjusthelpusstandupstraight.Insideisthespinalcord,whichcarriesimportantinformationbetweentheheadandthelowerpartofthebody.Thisinformationmovesaroundasburstsofelectricitytravelingbetweenthebrainandtheotherpartsofthebody.Whenthespinalcordishurt,thispathwaygetsdamagedandtheycan’tmovetheirlegs.NowscientistsinSwitzerlandhavegiventhreeparalyzedmentheabilitytowalkagain.Tohelpthemwalkagain,themenhadsurgery.Aspecialdevicewasplaceddirectlyonthelowerpartoftheirspinalcord,belowtheirinjury.This“implant”containedsixteenelectrodes,whicharesmallobjectsthatelectricitycanpassthrough.Theresearchersmadesuretheelectrodeswerelinedupwithnervesthatcontrolthelegmuscles.Thescientistscontrolledtheimplantsfromatabletcomputer.Thepatient’sbrainsaren’tsending“walking”messagestotheirlegs.Instead,thetablettellstheimplanttosendthewalkingmessages.Theresearchersusedcomputerstogeneratepatternsofmovement,liketakingastep.Thepatientthenusesthetablettochoosethepatternandthemusclesmoveinthechosenway.Overtime,themenwereabletowalkusingaspecialwalkerwithbuttonstocontroleachleg.Thesolutionisn’tperfect.It’sveryexpensive,itrequiresdifficultsurgery,andthepatientscan’twalkwithoutthesystem.Butthescientistsarehopefulthatinthefuture,thissortoftechnologywillallowmanyparalyzedpeopletobegintowalkagaininjusthours.1.What'sthemainfunctionofthespinalcord?A.Itservesasamessagecarrier. B.Ithelpspeoplestandupstraight.C.Ittakescontrolofthemuscles. D.Itproducessignalsformovements.2.Whatistheimplanteddeviceexpectedtodo?A.Activatethedamagednerves. B.Identifythepositionoftheinjury.C.Testthedegreeofthedamage. D.Bridgethenervegapmadebytheinjury.3.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Howthesurgeryisperformed. B.Howthedeviceworksonpatients.C.Howthepatientswalkwithoutaid. D.Howmovementpatternsaredesigned.4.Whichcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A.Damagednervesrecoveraftersurgery.B.Tabletsareusedinamedicaltreatment.C.Implanthelpstheparalyzedwalkagain.D.Scientistsmadeadiscoveryonbackbones.【参考答案】1.A2.D3.B4.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家通过植入特殊装置让瘫痪者恢复行走能力。1.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Insideisthespinalcord,whichcarriesimportantinformationbetweentheheadandthelowerpartofthebody.（里面是脊髓，它在头部和身体下部之间传递重要信息。）”可知，脊髓的主要功能是传递重要信息，是一个信息载体。故选A项。2.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Insideisthespinalcord,whichcarriesimportantinformationbetweentheheadandthelowerpartofthebody.Thisinformationmovesaroundasburstsofelectricitytravelingbetweenthebrainandtheotherpartsofthebody.Whenthespinalcordishurt,thispathwaygetsdamagedandtheycan’tmovetheirlegs.（里面是脊髓，它在头部和身体下部之间传递重要信息。这些信息作为电流在大脑和身体其他部位之间传播。当脊髓受伤时，这条通路就会受损，他们的腿就不能动了。）”以及第三段“Theresearchersmadesuretheelectrodeswerelinedupwithnervesthatcontrolthelegmuscles.Thescientistscontrolledtheimplantsfromatabletcomputer.（研究人员确保电极与控制腿部肌肉的神经对齐。科学家们通过平板电脑控制植入物。）”可知，脊髓受伤时，神经流受损导致他们的腿不能动，所以科学家植入特殊装置的预期用途是弥合受伤造成的神经间隙。故选D项。3.B【解析】主旨大意题。根据第四段“Instead,thetablettellstheimplanttosendthewalkingmessages.Theresearchersusedcomputerstogeneratepatternsofmovement,liketakingastep.Thepatientthenusesthetablettochoosethepatternandthemusclesmoveinthechosenway.（相反，平板电脑让植入物发送行走信息。研究人员使用计算机生成运动模式，比如迈出一步。然后，患者使用平板电脑选择模式，肌肉以选定的方式运动。）”可知，本段主要介绍了该设备如何在患者身上工作。故选B项。4.C【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Now,scientistshavegiventhreeparalyzedmentheabilitytowalkagain,thankstoanimplanteddevice.（现在，由于植入了一种设备，科学家们已经让三名瘫痪男子恢复了行走的能力。）”以及最后一段“Butthescientistsarehopefulthatinthefuture,thissortoftechnologywillallowmanyparalyzedpeopletobegintowalkagaininjusthours.（但科学家们希望，在未来，这种技术将允许许多瘫痪的人在短短几个小时内重新开始行走。）”可知，文章主要介绍了科学家通过植入特殊装置让瘫痪者恢复行走能力，所以“植入物帮助瘫患者再次行走”可以作为文章标题。故选C项。【2022届辽宁省沈阳市重点高中联合体高三下学期第一次模拟】Myopia,ornearsightedness,isacommoneyeconditioninwhichyoucanseeobjectsneartoyouclearly,butobjectsfartherawayareblurry.Toseethefartherclearly,youhavetheoptionofwearingeyeglasses,orundergoingthemoreinvasiverefractivesurgery(屈光手术).ButJapan’sKubotaPharmaceuticalHoldingsclaimstohavedevelopedsmartglassesthat,ifwornjustanhourperday,cancuremyopia.Itprojectsanimageontothewearers’retina(视网膜)tocorrecttherefractiveerrorthatcausesnearsightedness.Obviously,wearingthedevice60to90minutesadaycorrectsmyopia.SohowdoesthetechnologydevelopedbyKubotaworkexactly?Well,accordingtoacompanypressreleasefromDecemberoflastyear,thespecialglassesrelyonmicro-LEDStoprojectvirtualimagesonthevisualfieldtomaketheretinaactive.Apparently,itcandothatwithoutaffectingthewearer’sdailyactivities.FoundedbyDr.RyoKubota,KubotaPharmaceuticalHoldingsisstilltestingthedevice,knownasKubotaGlasses,andtryingtodeterminehowlongtheeffectlastsaftertheuserwearsthedevice.Andhowmuchtheugly-lookingglasseshavetobewornforthecorrectiontobepermanent.KubotaPharmaceuticalHoldingsbegantestingtheglassesinthesummeroflastyear,andiscurrentlyconductingtestsonabout25peopleintheU.Stoassesstheeffectivenessofitssmartglasses.ThecompanyplanstobeginsellingthedeviceinAsiainthesecondhalfof2021,wheretherearemorenearsightedpeople,butithasplanstoenterothermarketsinthefuture.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“blurry”meaninthefirstparagraph?A.Familiar B.Different C.Impressive D.Unclear2.Whatdoesthethirdparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Theeffectofwearingthesmartglasses. B.Thedisadvantagesofthesmartglasses.C.Theworkingprincipleofthesmartglasses. D.Thecorrectwayofwearingthesmartglasses.3.WhydoesthecompanydecidetoselltheglassesfirstinAsia?A.ItwantstoservetheAsiansbetter. B.TheseglassesaremoresuitableforAsians.C.ScientificdevelopmentisslowerinAsia. D.ThereismoremarketdemandinAsia.4.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthetext?A.Tosolveaproblem. B.Tointroduceanewproduct.C.Toopresentaresearchresult. D.Togivepracticaladvice.【参考答案】1.D2.C3.D4.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款可以治愈近视的智能眼镜。1.D【解析】词句猜测题。根据第一段的“Myopia,ornearsightedness,isacommoneyeconditioninwhichyoucanseeobjectsneartoyouclearly,butobjectsfartherawayareblurry.（近视是一种常见的眼部疾病，在这种情况下，你可以清楚地看到你附近的物体，但远处的物体是blurry）”中表示转折意义的but可知，blurry的意思和clearly相反，即blurry意为“模糊的，不清楚的”。故选D项。2.C【解析】主旨大意题。根据第三段的主要内容，尤其首句“SohowdoesthetechnologydevelopedbyKubotaworkexactly?（那么，久保田开发的技术究竟是如何工作的呢？）”可知，本段主要介绍智能眼镜的工作原理。故选C项。3.D【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段的“ThecompanyplanstobeginsellingthedeviceinAsiainthesecondhalfof2021,wheretherearemorenearsightedpeople,butithasplanstoenterothermarketsinthefuture.（该公司计划在2021下半年开始在亚洲销售该设备，那里有更多的人近视，但它计划在未来进入其他市场）”可知，该公司首先选择在亚洲进行销售是因为那里近视的人更多，即市场需求更大。故选D项。4.B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第二段的“ButJapan’sKubotaPharmaceuticalHoldingsclaimstohavedevelopedsmartglassesthat,ifwornjustanhourperday,cancuremyopia.（但日本久保田制药控股公司声称已经开发出智能眼镜，如果每天只戴一小时，就可以治愈近视）”可知，本文主要介绍了一款可以治愈近视的智能眼镜。故选B项。【2022届河北省九师联盟高三下学期3月质量检测联考】Nowadays,weareveryworriedaboutsuchCOVID-19variantsasDeltaandOmicron.Torelieveouranxieties,weshouldhavealookatourowncellandtheoriginalCOVID-19virus.Firstofall,ourcellisn’tstupid.Ifanyviruswantstoenterourcell,itmustfigureoutawayforitsspike(触手)toholdtightlytothespikeonthecell’ssurface.Youcanimaginethisconnectingasasecrethandshake.Attheearlystage,theCOVID-19virusfiguredoutawaytoconnecttoaspecificspikeonthesurfaceofhumancell,calledACE2.Buttheconnectingwasn’tperfect.However,itwasgoodenoughtotricktheACE2toletitin.Oncetheviruswasinsidethecell,itkeptcopyingitselfinordertofindmorecellstoinfect.Duringthistime,theimmune(免疫)systemstartedmakingantibodiestofightback.Someofthoseantibodiesactedlikelittlecapsthatsticktotheendsofthevirus’sspike.Once“capped”,theinfectioncouldn’tmoveforward,andthebodywon!Buteverytimetheviruscopiesitselfinsideacell,ithasthechanceofchangingitsspikesslightly.Mostofthevariationsareactuallyharmfultothevirus.Sothesevariantsdisappear.However,oncethevirushitsuponasetofvariationsthatactuallyhelpthevirustoconnectmoretightlytothecellormorequickly,aperson’scellgetsinfectedmoreeasily.Thenwhatabouttheantibodies?Aren’ttheycomingtosaveusagain?Well,yes...andno.Scientistsfoundthatapersonwhowasinfectedwiththeearlierversionofthevirusmaynotbeprotectedaswellagainstthesenewvariants.Hestillcanbeinfected,again.However,theantibodies’spikescomeindifferentshapes,too.Soeventhoughsomeantibodiesbecomelessuseful,otherswillgetthejobdone—oratleast,holdbacktheinfectionlongenoughsothebodycanmakenewantibodiesthatfitperfectlyonthechangedspike.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inparagraph2referto?A.Thevirus. B.Thecell.C.Thespike. D.Theconnection.2.Whatisthefifthparagraphmainlyabout?A.Howavirusentersthehumancell.B.Howaviruscopiesitselfinsideacell.C.Whytheimmunesystemcanfightback.D.Whyvirusvariantshavedifferentinfectionrates.3.Whatcanbelearnedfromthetext?A.COVID-19variantswillbecomemoreandmoreinfectious.B.ItisunlikelyforCOVID-19patientstogetinfectedagain.C.Oldantibodiesmightbelesseffectiveagainstnewvariants.D.ItishopelesstogetridoftheCOVID-19inthenearfuture.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.WorriesAbouttheCOVID-19VariantsB.ASimpleGuidetoCOVID-19VariantsC.TheDangeroftheDeadlyCOVID-19VirusD.WaystoProtectOurselvesFromCOVID-19Virus【参考答案】1.A2.D3.C4.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了正在全球肆虐的新冠病毒产生变体的原因及其可能带来的挑战。1.A【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句子“Ifanyviruswantstoenterourcell,itmustfigureoutawayforitsspike(触手)toholdtightlytothespikeonthecell'ssurface.(任何病毒要想进入我们的细胞，它得设法把自己的触手紧紧地联结到细胞表面的触手上)”可知，it指代的是上文中所提到的virus“病毒”。故选A项。2.D【解析】主旨大意题。根据第五段第一句“Buteverytimetheviruscopiesitselfinsideacell,ithasthechanceofchangingitsspikesslightly.(但每次病毒在细胞内自我复制时，它都有可能轻微改变其触手)”及最后一句“However,oncethevirushitsuponasetofvariationsthatactuallyhelpthevirustoconnectmoretightlytothecellormorequickly,aperson’scellgetsinfectedmoreeasily.(然而，一旦病毒碰到一系列变异，这些变异实际上可以帮助病毒与细胞更紧密或更快地连接，人的细胞就更容易被感染)”可知，本段主要是在解释不同的病毒变体为什么具有不同的传播能力。故选D项。3.C【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Soeventhoughsomeantibodiesbecomelessuseful,otherswillgetthejobdone—oratleast,holdbacktheinfectionlongenoughsothebodycanmakenewantibodiesthatfitperfectlyonthechangedspike.(因此，即使一些抗体变得不那么有用，其他抗体也会完成任务，或者至少将感染抑制足够长的时间，以便身体能够制造出新的抗体，完美地适应改变后的触手)”可知，旧抗体对新病毒变体的作用可能会减弱。故选C项。4.B【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段第二句“Torelieveouranxieties,weshouldhavealookatourowncellandtheoriginalCOVID-19virus.(为了缓解我们的焦虑，我们应该看看自己的细胞和原始的COVID-19病毒)”及后文对COVID-19病毒变体的介绍可知，本文主要是简单介绍了新冠病毒产生的变体。因此“ASimpleGuidetoCOVID-19Variants(COVID-19变体的简明介绍)”适合作为本文标题。故选B项。【江苏省镇江市、南通市（通州区、启东市）2021~2022学年高三上学期期末质量监测，C】Combiningknowledgeofchemistry,physics,biology,andengineering,scientistsfromMcGillUniversitydevelopabiomaterialtoughenoughtorepairtheheart,muscles,andvocalcords,representingamajoradvanceinmedicine.“Peoplerecoveringfromheartdamageoftenfacealongandtrickyjourney.Healingischallengingbecauseoftheconstantmovementtissuesmustwithstand(承受)astheheartbeats.Thesameistrueforvocalcords.Untilnowtherewasnoinjectable(可注射的)materialstrongenoughforthejob,"saysGuangyuBao,aPhDcandidateintheDepartmentofMechanicalEngineeringatMcGillUniversity.Theteam,ledbyProfessorLucMongeauandAssistantProfessorJianyuLi,developedanewinjectablehydrogel(水凝胶)forwoundrepair,whichisatypeofbiomaterialthatprovidesroomforcellstoliveandgrow.Onceinjectedintothebody,thebiomaterialformsastablestructureallowinglivecellstogroworpassthroughtorepairtheinjuredorgans.“Theresultsarepromising,andwehopethatonedaythenewhydrogelwillbeusedtorestorethevoiceofpeoplewithdamagedvocalcords,"saysGuangyuBao.Thescientiststestedthedurabilityoftheirhydrogelinamachinetheydevelopedtocopytheextremebiomechanicsofhumanvocalcords.Vibrating(振动)at120timesasecondforover6millioncycles,thenewbiomaterialremainedundamagedwhileotherstandardhydrogelsbrokenintopieces,unabletodealwiththestressoftheload.“Wewereincrediblyexcitedtoseeitworkedperfectlyinourtest.Beforeourwork,noinjectablehydrogelspossessedbothhighporosityandtoughnessatthesametime.Tosolvethisissue,weintroducedapore-formingpolymertoourformula(配方),”saysGuangyuBao.Theinnovationopensnewwaysofmakingprogressforotherapplicationsliketissueengineering.TheteamisalsolookingtousethehydrogeltechnologytocreatelungstotestCOVID-19drugs.1.Whydidtheresearchersdevelopthenewbiomaterial?A.Toexperienceajourney. B.Torepairwound.C.Torepresentanadvance. D.Toreplaceorgans.2.Whatisuniqueofthebiomaterialcomparedtoothermaterials?A.Itisheavier. B.Itismorebreakable.C.Itischangeable. D.Itismoreinjectable.3.Whatmighttheresearchersdonextaboutthebiomaterial?A.Makeartificialorgansfordrugtest.B.Tryhardtoincreaseitstoughness.C.ApplyittothecureofCOVID-19.D.Adjusttheirformulatoimproveit.4.Whattheauthor'spurposeofwritingthispassage?A.Toshowhisrespecttotheresearchers.B.Tostresstheimportanceofinnovation.C.Topromotethesalesofanewhydrogel.D.Tointroduceanewly-developedmaterial.【参考答案】1.B2.D3.A4.D【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要向读者介绍一种新研发的可注射的材料来治疗伤口。1.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Theteam,ledbyProfessorLucMongeauandAssistantProfessorJianyuLi,developedanewinjectablehydrogel(水凝胶)forwoundrepair,”（由

LucMongeau教授和JianyuLi助理教授领导的团队研发了一种用于伤口修复的新型可注射水凝胶。）可知，研发这种新的生物材料是为了修复伤口。故选B项。2.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Theteam,ledbyProfessorLucMongeauandAssistantProfessorJianyuLi,developedanewinjectablehydrogel(水凝胶)forwoundrepair,”（由

LucMongeau教授和JianyuLi助理教授领导的团队研发了一种用于伤口修复的新型可注射水凝胶。）可知，这种新的生物材料是可注射的。故选D项。3.A【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“TheteamisalsolookingtousethehydrogeltechnologytocreatelungstotestCOVID-19drugs.”（这个团队也正在指望用这种水凝胶技术去创造肺来测试新冠药物。）可知，团队接下来要制作人工肺来测试新冠药物。故选A项。4.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Theteam,ledbyProfessorLucMongeauandAssistantProfessorJianyuLi,developedanewinjectablehydrogel(水凝胶)forwoundrepair,”（由

LucMongeau教授和JianyuLi助理教授领导的团队研发了一种用于伤口修复的新型可注射水凝胶。）可知，这篇文章是为了向读者介绍一种用于伤口修复的新型可注射水凝胶。故选D项。【武汉市武昌区2021-2022学年高三上学期1月质量检测，C】Doyouwanttolevelupyourmask-wearingwhilealsolookinglikeyou’reabouttobattlewithBatman?Thisislife-wearingRazerZephyr,awearableairpurifier.AversionofRazer’slatestappliancemadewavesinJanuaryduringtheConsumerElectronicsShow.It’snosurprisethattechcompaniesareconsideringaleapbeyondtheclothandsurgicalmasksthathavecometodefinetheCOVID-19pandemic.Ithasahardshellwithtwobeltstofitontoyourhead.Therearetwoairexchangechambers（腔）onthefront,featuringdoublecirculatingfanstohelpcirculatecoolair.ThechambersfeatureN95filters（过滤器）providingtwo-wayprotectionforyourselfandthosearoundyou.It’salsotransparent（透明的）withinsidelightsandananti-fogcoatingtohelpsolveoneofthekeyissueswithmask-wearing:watchingmouthsmovewhenyouspeak.Goodasthemaskappears,willitprotectyoufromCOVID-19?AccordingtoRazer,themaskisregisteredwiththeFoodandDrugAdministrationandlabtestedfor99%BFE,orBacterialFiltrationEfficiency,ameasureofhowwellitfiltersoutbacteria.“ItisnottestedspecificallyagainsttheCOVID-19virus,butoffersthesamefunctionalityandadequateprotectionduetoits99%BFErating,"Razer’swebsitesays.There’salsothefinancialcosttoconsider.Themaskitselfis$99,andRazersellsapackof10setsofN95filtersfor$30.Bycomparison,aquicksearchforsurgicalmasksonAmazonturnedupaboxof50masksforbetween$11-$14.“I’vetriedoutthe$99Zephyrforroughlyaweeknow.WearingtheZephyrfeelscomfortable.Theadjustableheadstraps（带）allowfortheidealfit.Aboveall,itfeelsbreathablethankstotheaircirculatingthroughitsfans.”onecommentedonAmazon.1.WhyistheZephyrmadetransparent?A.Tofixlightsinside. B.Tocirculatecoolair.C.Totesttheanti-fogcoating. D.Toexposemouthmovement.2.WhatcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphabouttheZephyr?A.It’sofficiallyapproved. B.It’shighlyratedbyconsumers.C.It’sspeciallydesignedagainstcovid-19. D.It’sadequatelyprotectiveagainstallviruses.3.Whatprobablyappeal(s)tothebuyermostaccordingtothecomment?A.Itsadjustablefans. B.Itsaircirculatingsystem.C.Itscomfortableheadstraps. D.Itshighbutreasonableprice.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.AnInnovativeMaskMakesaHit B.SurgicalMasksAreBeingImprovedC.WearableTechnologyChangesOurLife D.ANewTreatmentforCovid-19IsontheWay【参考答案】1.D2.A3.B4.A【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种新型口罩，它是透明的、可以净化空气并且具有防护功能。1.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“It’salsotransparentwithinsidelightsandananti-fogcoatingtohelpsolveoneofthekeyissueswithmask-wearing:watchingmouthsmovewhenyouspeak.”（它还具有透明的内部灯光和防雾涂层，有助于解决戴口罩的一个关键问题：说话时看着嘴巴移动。）可知，Zephyr被制作成为透明的是因为这样可以在说话时看到嘴巴的动作。故选D项。2.A【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“AccordingtoRazer,themaskisregisteredwiththeFoodandDrugAdministration”（Razer称，该口罩已在美国食品药物管理局注册）可知，Zephyr是官方批准的。故选A项。3.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段“Aboveall,itfeelsbreathablethankstotheaircirculatingthroughitsfans.”（最重要的是，由于风扇中的空气流通，它感觉透气。）可知，最可能吸引买家的是它的空气循环系统。故选B项。4.A【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章主要介绍了RazerZephyr这种新型的口罩，它所具有的优点以及人们使用之后做出好的评价，所以“创新的口罩大受欢迎”可以作为文章标题。故选A项。【广东省肇庆市2021-2022学年高三上学期第二次模拟，D】Thestomachisanextremelystrongorgan,fullofacidtobreakdowneachmeal.Inordertopreventthisacidfromburningaholeinourstomachsanddamagingotherorgans,ourstomachlining（胃黏膜）isspeciallyadaptedtocontaintheacidsafely.H.pylori（幽门螺旋杆菌）areabletoliveinthestomachbylivinginthelining,safefromharshstomachacid.Thesebacteriaareactuallyprettycommoninpeople,approximatelyathirdofAustralianshaveH.pyloriintheirbodies,butnotallhavesymptoms.Thebacteriacaneventuallycreateinfectioninstomachlining,aconditionknownasgastritis,bywearingawaytheliningandallowingstomachacidtoburnawaystomachtissue,causingpainfululcers.Upuntilthe1980s,itwasthoughtthatbacteriacouldnotsurviveinstomachacid.Thecauseofstomachulcerswasduetolifestylechoices:stress,smoking,spicyfoods;thestomachacidwasbreakingthroughtheliningonitsown.Thisbeliefwasfirstquestionedin1979byRobinWarren,anAustralianpathologist,whofoundbacteriaonamicroscopeslidecontainingthestomachliningofapatientwithgastritis.IntheyearsthatfollowedWarrencontinuedhisresearch.WarrenthenteamedupwithBarryMarshallin1981andthetwocontinuedwiththeresearch,tryingtoseparatethemysterybacteriaandfindacure.Overthenextthreeyears,theytestedtheirtheorieswithsomepositiveresults;however,theideathatbacteriacouldbethecauseofgastritiswasnotwidelyacceptedorevenacknowledged.Finally,fedupwithbeingignoredandconfidentinhisfindings,BaryMarshalldecidedtotestonhimself.HeinfectedhimselfwithH.pyloriandsoondevelopedgastritisandterriblestomachulcers.Marshallthenbegantocurehimselfbytakingadoseofantibiotics.Thisonceandforallprovednotonlythatbacteriacouldgrowinstomachacid,butitcouldalsocausegastritisandstomachulcers.Eventually,theworldfullyacknowledgedWarrenandMarshall’shugecontributiontoscienceandmedicineandthetwowereawardedtheNobelprizeinMedicinein2005,twenty-sixyearsafterRobinWarrenfirstbeganhisresearch.1.WecanlearnfromthetextthatH.pyloriareakindof________.A.organs B.infections C.bacteria D.symptoms2.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTpeople’sinitialbeliefsaboutgastritis?A.Lifestylechoicescausedstomachulcers.B.Stomachacidcouldbreakthroughtheliningonitsown.C.Bacteriacouldn’tsurviveinthestomach.D.Somebacteriacancreateinfectionbyburningawaystomachtissue.3.HowdidBarryMarshallprovethatH.pyloricausedgastritis?A.Choosingunhealthylifestyles. B.IntroducingH.pyloritohisownstomach.C.Findingthebacteriaonstomachlining. D.GrowingH.pyloriinthelab.4.Thetextismostlikelywrittento________.A.chemists B.patients C.researchers D.thegeneralpublic【参考答案】1.C2.D3.B4.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了什么是幽门螺旋杆菌，以及介绍了两位科学家对幽门螺旋杆菌的研究历程以及结论。1.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“H.pyloriareabletoliveinthestomachbylivinginthelining,safefromharshstomachacid.Thesebacteriaareactuallyprettycommoninpeople,approximatelyathirdofAustralianshaveH.pyloriintheirbodies,butnotallhavesymptoms.(幽门螺旋杆菌能够通过生活在胃的内壁而在胃中生存，不受胃酸的伤害。这些细菌在人体内很常见，大约三分之一的澳大利亚人体内有幽门螺旋杆菌，但并不是所有人都有症状)”可知，幽门螺旋杆菌是一种细菌。故选C项。2.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Upuntilthe1980s,itwasthoughtthatbacteriacouldnotsurviveinstomachacid.Thecauseofstomachulcerswasduetolifestylechoices:stress,smoking,spicyfoods;thestomachacidwasbreakingthroughtheliningonitsown.(直到20世纪80年代，人们还认为细菌不能在胃酸中生存。胃溃疡的原因是生活方式的选择：压力、吸烟、辛辣食物；胃酸会自己冲破肠壁。)”可知，D选项“一些细菌可以通过燃烧胃组织产生感染”不是人们最初对胃炎的看法。故选D项。3.B【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Finally,fedupwithbeingignoredandconfidentinhisfindings,BaryMarshalldecidedtotestonhimself.HeinfectedhimselfwithH.pyloriandsoondevelopedgastritisandterriblestomachulcers.(最后，巴里·马歇尔受够了被忽视，对自己的发现充满信心，决定在自己身上进行测试。他感染了幽门螺旋杆菌，很快患上了胃炎和严重的胃溃疡)”可知，巴里·马歇尔通过将幽门螺旋杆菌引入到自己的胃中来证明是幽门螺旋杆菌引起胃炎的。故选B项。4.D【解析】推理判断题。根据文章说明了什么是幽门螺旋杆菌，以及介绍了两位科学家对幽门螺旋杆菌的研究历程以及结论。属于科普文章，故可推知，文章很可能是写给普通大众的。故选D项。【重庆市名校联盟2021-2022学年高三下学期第一次联考，C】Elizabethwouldn’twalkortalkasaninfant.Angela’sleftlegwassoenlargedthatithurttostand.Emmaneededabreathingmachinejusttosleep.Theirsufferingmaytakedifferentforms,buttheirstoriesshareacommonthread:Neithertheynortheirfamiliesknewwhatwasactuallycausingtheseissues.ThosecasesarepreciselywheretheUndiagnosedDiseasesNetwork(UDN)stepsin.Establishedin2008,theUDN’smissionistoprovideanswersforpatientswithdiseasesthatdoctorsareunabletodiagnose.AnyonecanapplytotheprogramandtheUDNworkshardtoscreeneveryapplicationitreceives.Today,theUDNcovers12clinicalsitesaroundthecountry,andhasevaluatedover1,400patients.Morethan400ofthosepatientshavereceivedadiagnosisthankstotheUDN.Insomeofthesecases,thenetworkisabletomatchapatientwithanalreadyknowncondition.Inothers,UDNresearchersmustworktodescribeanentirelynewdiseaseandenteritintothemedicaldictionary.Theprogramhasaddedatleast25entirelynewdiseasesinthisway.Additionally,theUDNcoversthecostofthetests,meaningpatientsaren’tburdenedwithcrushingmedicaldebt.“Ithinkthey’vereallyadvancedandchangedthewholemodelforhowweapproachmanyoftheseillnesses,”saysAnnePariser,directoroftheOfficeofRareDiseasesResearch.ShesaystheUDN’smultidisciplinaryapproach—bringingdifferentspecialiststogethertotalkaboutchallengingcases—hashelpedadvancethefieldofrarediseaseresearch,especiallywhenitcomestogeneticdiseases.Livingwithadiseasewithoutanamecanbeitsownkindofsuffering.“Yougrowupfeelinglike,I’minthis,crazy,allbymyself,andnoonereallyunderstandsme,”saysAngelaMoon,aUDNparticipant.Forpatientslikeher,theUDNoffershopefortreatment,butalsoforfinallybeingseen.1.Thepurposeofthefirstparagraphisto________.A.arousethereaders’interestintheUDNB.giveavividdescriptionofrarediseasesC.introducethebackgroundfortheUDN’sfoundingD.raiseacomplicatedproblemthatwillbesolvedlater2.Thethirdparagraphmainlytalksabout________.A.thewaytheUDNisoperatednationwideB.theprogresstheUDNhasmadesofarC.thereasonswhytheUDNissopopularD.thedevelopmentstagestheUDNhasgonethrough3.WhatcanbelearnedaboutAngelaMoon?A.Sheusedtoliveindespair.B.Shefailedtoidentifywithothers.C.Sheisreceivingtreatmentnow.D.Therewillbeacureforhercondition.4.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheUDN’sworkmodel?A.Ithashelpedspreadtheknowledgeofundiagnoseddiseases.B.Itprioritizesparticipants’privacyoversolvingmedicalmysteries.C.Itisspecificallydesignedtodealwithchallenginggeneticdiseases.D.Itemphasizesclosecooperationbetweenspecialistsinseparatefields.【参考答案】1.C2.B3.A4.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了未诊断疾病网络（UDN）的成立背景和它取得的进展。1.C【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段内容“Elizabethwouldn’twalkortalkasaninfant.Angela’sleftlegwassoenlargedthatithurttostand.Emmaneededabreathingmachinejusttosleep.Theirsufferingmaytakedifferentforms,buttheirstoriesshareacommonthread:Neithertheynortheirfamiliesknewwhatwasactuallycausingtheseissues.”（伊丽莎白小时候不会走路或说话。安吉拉的左腿太大了以至于站着很疼。艾玛需要一台呼吸机才能入睡。他们的痛苦可能有不同的形式，但他们的故事有一个共同点：他们和他们的家人都不知道导致这些问题的真正原因。）和第二段关键句“ThosecasesarepreciselywheretheUndiagnosedDiseasesNetwork(UDN)stepsin.”（这些病例正是未诊断疾病网络（UDN）介入的地方。）可知，文章第一段内容主要介绍了一些医生未能诊断病因的病例，而UDN的成立，正是为了确诊这些未能诊断病因的病例，由此可推断出，第一段的目的是介绍UDN成立的背景。故选C项。2.B【解析】主旨大意题。根据第三段关键句“Today,theUDNcovers12clinicalsitesaroundthecountry,andhasevaluatedover1,400patients.Morethan400ofthosepatientshavereceivedadiagnosisthankstotheUDN”（如今，UDN覆盖了全国12个临床站点，评估了1400多名患者。多亏了UDN，其中400多名患者得到了诊断）和“Theprogramhasaddedatleast25entirelynewdiseasesinthisway.”（该项目以这种方式增加了至少25种全新的疾病。）可知，文章第三段内容主要介绍了到目前为止UDN所取得的进展，它评估了1400多名患者，其中400多名患者得到了诊断，帮助医学领域确诊了25种全新的疾病，由此可知，第三段主要讲的是UDN迄今为止取得的进展。故选B项。3.A【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Livingwithadiseasewithoutanamecanbeitsownkindofsuffering.“Yougrowupfeelinglike,I’minthis,crazy,all