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TheAttributiveClause定语从句Grammar
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句,定语从句起形容词的作用,翻译成“.......的”被定语从句所修饰的词叫“先行词”。
形式:先行词+关系词+从句ThisisthebookthatIwant.定义关系词关系代词:
that,which,who,whom,whose,as关系副词:when,where,why关系词关系代词的用法一、thatthat
既可以指人,也可以指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略。Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.ThegirlthatwesawyesterdayisLily.二、whichwhich指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略Theyplantedthetreeswhichdidn’tneedmuchwater.Thefishwhichweboughtwerenotfresh.用that而不用which的情况1.先行词为不定代词all,much,little,everything,anything,nothing,none,few,one,any等IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?2.先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时,用that。ThisisthebestbookthatI’veeverread.ThisisthefirstthingthatIwanttosay.3.当先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,little,few,no,any等修饰时.ItistheonlythingthatIliketodo.4.当先行词包含了指人和物两方面的含义时。Theytalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthattheyknewintheschool.用that
而不用which的情况5.在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中Whoisthemanthatspoketoyouatthegate?Whichisthestarthatisnearesttotheearth?用that
而不用which的情况1.在非限制性定语从句中2.关系代词前有介词时Thisistheroomin
whichLuXunlived.3.先行词本身是thatTheclockisthatwhichtellsthetime.
钟表是告诉人们时间的。用which而不用that的情况三、whowho指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略TheboywhobrokethewindowisJohn.四、whomwhom指人,在定语从句中作宾语,一般可以省略ThepersonwhomyoujusttalkedtoisMr.Li.五、whosewhose指人或物,在定语从句中作定语MissWangistheteacherwhosehousecaughtfirelastweek.1.Hedidall/everything_______hecouldtohelpme.2.Thisistheverything_______Iamafter.3.Wetalkedaboutthemenandthethings_______werememberedatschool.4.Heistheonlyman_______candothework.5.Heisthefinestman_______Ihaveeverworkedwith.that,whichthatthatthatthatthatthat,which,whose,whom6.Themanto_______Ispokeisafamousscientist.7.Theboy_______
motherisdeadwasbroughtupbyhisfather.8.Chinaisacountry_____________hasalonghistory.
whomwhosewhich/that关系副词的用法一、whenWhen可以引导限制性定语从句,先行词往往是表示时间的名词,如day,time,year,moment,occasion等;when相当于“相应的介词in/during/at/on等+which”Eg:①Istillrememberthedaywhen(=onwhich)IfirstmetJennifer.我仍然记得第一次见到珍妮弗的那一天。
二、where当先行词是表示具体地点的名词(如place,room,mountainairport等)或抽象地点的名词(如case,state,condition,pointsituation等),且关系词在从句中作地点状语时,定语从句用where引导。where可以用“相应的介词+which”替换①Thisisthehotelwhere(=inwhich)theystayed.这就是他们住的旅馆。②Wehavereachedapointwhereachangeisneeded.我们到了需要改一改的地步。Aplaneisamachinethat
canfly.ThebookthatIhavereadisverygood.TheboythatisreadingthebookisJim.Thegirlthat
wesawyesterdayisLily.Theyplantedthetreeswhich
didn’tneedmuchwater.Thefishwhich
weboughtwerenotfresh.Theboywho
brokethewindowisJohn.Thepersonwhom
youjusttalkedtoisMr.Li.MissWangistheteacherwhose
housecaughtfirelastweek.Passmethebookwhose
coverisblack.Passmethebook,ofwhichthecoverisblack.指人指物主语宾语thatwhichwhowhom关系代词的用法关系代词在从句中可以:何时可以省略?指人指物主语宾语that
whichwhowhom关系代词的用法√√√√√√√√√√√关系代词在从句中可以:何时可以省略?做宾语时可以省略√Jointhefollowingsentences:Thebookisverygood.Ihavereadit.Thebookisverygood.Ihaveread
that/which.Thebookthat/which
Ihavereadisverygood.先行词和关系词的关系Jointhefollowingsentences:ThegirlisMary.Wesawheryesterday.ThegirlisMary.Wesaw
whom
yesterday.Thegirlwhom
wesawyesterdayisMary.先行词和关系词的关系关系代词的用法练习1.Theeggswerenotfresh.Iboughtthemyesterday.2.Thefriendwasnothungry.Hecametosupperlastnight.3.Helikesthecheese.Itcomesfromhisparent’sfarm.
4.Thenoodlesweredelicious.Youcookedthem.
5.Idon’tlikethepeople.Theysmokealot.
Theeggs
(that/which)
Iboughtwerenotfresh.Thefriendwho/that
cametosupperlastnightwasnothungry.Helikesthecheesethat/whichcomesfromhisparent’sfarm.Thenoodles(which/that)youcookedweredelicious.Idon’tlikethepeoplethat/whosmokealot.介词+关系代词的情况1Themanwhomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitywhichshelivesisfaraway.toin介词+关系代词的情况2Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?介词+关系代词的情况3Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toin×
×
Arethesetwosentencesright?可见,who、that不能用与介词之后介词+关系代词的情况4Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor?TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafter
isbetter.在固定短语中介词不能提前下面两句中的介词能提前吗?关系副词when表示时间,作状语;where表示地点,作状语;why表示原因,作状语。Istillremembertheday
whenIcamehere.
Thisisthehouse
whereIlivedlastyear.
Therearemanyreasons
why
peopleliketraveling.Istillremembertheday.Icamehereontheday.替换ontheday,用when,定语从句为IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.若只是替换theday,因为theday做的是on的宾语,所以用which,定语从句为IstillrememberthedayonwhichIcamehere.结论:在此句中可以用onwhich来替换when.关系副词可变为“介词+which”Istillremembertheday
whenIcamehere.
Thisisthehouse
whereIlivedlastyear.
Therearemanyreasons
why
peopleliketraveling.应根据句子的意思选用合适的介词。onwhich=wheninwhich=whereforwhich=why当先行词虽然表示时间、地点或原因,而关系词在从句中作主语、宾语而不是状语时,不可用when,where或why,而应该用that或which。Ilikethecity_____thereisabeautifullake.Ilikethecity_________hasabeautifullake.wherewhich/thatThereason_____hedidn’tcometoschoolyesterdayisthathewasill.Thereason__________hegaveisn’ttrue.Iwillneverforgettheday_____mysonwasborn.Iwillneverforgettheday_________IspentwithChairmanMao.whywhich/thatwhenwhich/that1.I’llneverforgetthedays______________weworkedtogether.
2.I’llneverforgetthedays___________wespenttogether.
3.Iwenttothetown
Ilivedtenyearsago.
4.Iwenttotheplace_____________Ivisitedtenyearsago.
5.Thisisthereason_____________________hewaslate.
6.Thisisthereason_____________________hegave.
whenwhich/thatwherewhich/thatwhywhich/that几种易混的情况及物动词及物动词及物动词定语从句分类定语从句TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定语从句:先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,如果去掉,主句的意义就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切,写时不可用逗号分开。TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定语从句:从句与主句的关系不十分密切,只是对先行词作些附加的说明,如果去掉,主句的意义仍然很清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开,一般不用that。考点:连接词which的用法Which引导非限定性定语从句,其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。e.g.
1.Sheheardaterriblenoise,______broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that2.Theweatherturnedouttobegood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.itBBas引导的定语从句as具有正如之意,与之搭配的动词一般是固定的,如:asyouknow/asyousee/asweplanned/asweexpected等
as可以指人或物,也可以指代整个句子,常用于如:“such…as”,“as…as”,“thesame…as”等结构中ThisisnotsuchabookasIexpected.Asanybodycansee,thisroadisl
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