备考2024届高考英语复习：定语从句学案（含答案）

英语语法-定语从句在复合句中，修饰名词、代词或句子的从句叫作定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词(that,which,who,whom,whose等)和关系副词(when,where,why)两类。(一)关系代词引导的定语从句1.that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。习惯上指人多用who,whom，指物多用which。Thisisthenovelthatinterestsme.这就是让我感兴趣的那本小说。(指物，作主语)Themagazine(that)Iboughtyesterdayislost.我昨天买的那本杂志丢了。(指物，作宾语)2．which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。(作主语)Theradio(which)heboughtyesterdaydoesn'twork.他昨天买的收音机坏了。(作宾语)3．who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。Herecomesthegirlwhowantstoseeyou.想见你的那个女孩过来了。(作主语)Dannyisaman(who)weshouldlearnfrom.丹尼是我们应该学习的一个人。(作宾语)4．whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略(whom在介词后时不能省略)，也可用who代替。Thegirl(whom)theteacheroftenpraisesisRose.老师经常表扬的那个女孩是罗斯。(作宾语)Thereshouldbesomeonetowhomyoucanturnforanyadviceortoclearupanyproblems.应该有你可以征求意见或为你解决问题的人。(作宾语)5．whose可修饰人，也可修饰物，表示“所属”关系，在定语从句中作定语。Anystudentwhosefamilyistoopoortogotoschoolcangethelpfromthegovernment.任何家境贫寒，上不起学的学生都可以得到政府的帮助。(作定语)Helivesinaroomwhosewindowfacesnorth.他住在一个窗户朝北的房间里。(作定语)(1)单句语法填空①Weshouldneverrememberthebenefits________wehaveofferednorforgetthefavorreceived.②Isthistheteacher________rescuedseveralstudentsfromtheburningbuilding?③Iboughtanewcomputer________priceaddeduptomorethan5，000yuan.④Nothingintheworldisdifficultforone________setshismindtoit.答案：①that/which/不填②who/that③whose④who/that(2)用定语从句连接两个句子(使用关系代词)①LastweekMaryworethedress.Herfatherboughtitforher.______________________________________________________________②Ihaveafriend.Helikeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.______________________________________________________________③Ilikethebook.Thecoverofthebookisblue.____________________________________________________________答案：①LastweekMaryworethedress(that/which)herfatherboughtforher.②Ihaveafriendwho/thatlikeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.③Ilikethebookwhosecoverisblue.(二)关系代词只用that不用which的情况1.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方是大本钟。ThisisthemostdeliciousfoodthatIhaveeverhad.这是我吃过的最美味的食品。2．先行词是不定代词，或被不定代词修饰。如all,little,few,much,everything,anything,nothing,none等。HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMrLisaid?李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.所有能做的都做了。I'vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.我已经读了所有那些不是我的书。3．先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰。Theonlythingthatshecoulddowastogotothepoliceforhelp.她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。IhavefoundtheverypenthatIlostyesterday.我已找到昨天丢的钢笔。4．先行词既指人，又指物。Weoftentalkaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremember.我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。5．主句是以who,which开头的特殊疑问句。Whichofthebooksthatyouboughtisthemostusefulformywriting?你买的书中哪一本对我的写作最有用？(1)单句语法填空①Thefirstthing________hedidafterarrivinghomewasdoinghishomework.②Thisistheverybook________Iamlookingfor.③Theonlything________wehavetofearisfearitself.④Shetoldmeeverything________shehadheardof.答案：①that②that③that④that(2)翻译①你所需要的书都在这里。_______________________________________________________________②在那里说话的人是谁？________________________________________________________________③他谈到了他曾拜访过的老师和学校。_____________________________________________________________答案：①Allthebooksthatyouneedarehere.②Whoisthemanthatisspeakingoverthere?③Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示完成句子1．Oneweekafterthe________(台风),everythingcametolifeagain.答案：typhoon2．Engineersactedquicklytorepairthedamaged________(管子)．答案：pipes3．Icouldhearhim________(轻敲)hisfingersonthedesk.答案：tapping4．Ahealthydietshould________(供应)allnecessaryvitaminsandminerals.答案：supply5．Youshoulddisconnectthe________(电力供应)beforeattemptingtorepairelectricalequipment.答案：powerⅡ.单句语法填空1．Thisisthefirstplay________IhaveseensinceIcamehere.答案：that2．Hewasagreatandvaluedpersonalfriend________I'veknownformanyyears.答案：that/who/whom3．YesterdayIhelpedanoldman________hadlosthisway.答案：who/that4．Theteacherpraisedthestudent________pronunciationisexcellent.答案：whose5．Theboy________isplayingfootballontheplaygroundismybrother.答案：who/thatⅢ.选词填空stayclam;intheopenair;onhand;survivefrom;stayawayfrom1．Ourteamofexpertswillbe____________toofferhelpandadvicebetween12noonand7pmdaily.答案：onhand2．Wecanmakethebestdecisionswhenwe____________．答案：staycalm3．Thedoctortoldhimto____________suchfoodsanddrinks.答案：stayawayfrom4．Thistradition____________theQingDynasty.答案：issurvivedfrom5．Totakeexerciseindoorsislessbeneficialthan____________．答案：intheopenairⅣ.完成句子1．我同学上周借给我的书很有用。Thebook________________________lastweekisveryuseful.答案：that/whichmyclassmatelentme2．商店应存有最畅销的货物。Ashopshouldkeepastockofthosegoods____________________．答案：which/thatsellbest3．我们班有很多作文写得好的学生。Inourclass,wehavesomestudents___