挑战练02 阅读理解(推理判断题)(解析版)-2020-2021学年下学期高一英语期末题型挑战练(全国通用)

2020~2021学年下学期高一英语期末题型挑战练(全国通用)02阅读理解(推理判断题)1Procrastinators(拖延症患者)，takenote:Ifyou’vetriedbuildingself-controlandyou’restillputtingthingsoff,maybeyouneedtotrysomethingdifferent.Onenewapproach:Checkyourmood.Often,procrastinatorsattempttoavoidtheanxietyorworryarousedbyatoughtaskwithactivitiesaimedatrepairingtheirmood,suchascheckingFacebookortakinganap.Butthepattern,whichresearcherscall“givingintofeelgood,”makesprocrastinatorsfeelworselater,whentheyfacetheconsequencesofmissingadeadlineormakingalast-minuteeffort,saysTimothyPychyl,anassociateprofessorofpsychologyatCarletonUniversity.Increasingly,psychologistsandtime-managementconsultantsarefocusingonanewstrategy:helpingprocrastinatorsseehowattemptsatmoodrepairaredestroyingtheireffortsandlearntocontroltheiremotionsinmoreproductiveways.Thenewapproachisbasedonseveralstudiesinthepasttwoyearsshowingthatnegativeemotionscandamageattemptsatself-control.Itfillsagapamongestablishedtime-managementmethods,whichstressbehavioralchangessuchasadoptinganeworganizingsystemordoingexercisestobuildwillpower.Researchershavecomeupwithaplaybookofstrategiestohelpprocrastinatorsturnmoodrepairtotheiradvantage.Somearetried-and-trueclassics:Dr.Pychyladvisesprocrastinatorstojustgetstarted,andmakethedoorstepforgettingstartedquitelow.“Procrastinatorsaremorelikelytoputthetechniquetousewhentheyunderstandhowmoodrepairworks,”saysDr.Pychyl,authorofa2013book,“SolvingtheProcrastinationPuzzle.”Headds,“Arealmotivepowercomesfromdoingwhatweintendtodo—thethingsthatareimportanttous.”Healsoadvisesprocrastinatorstopractice“timetravel”—projectingthemselvesintothefuturetoimaginethegoodfeelingstheywillhaveafterfinishingatask,orthebadonestheywillhaveiftheydon’t.Thiscuresprocrastinators’tendencytogetsostuckinpresentanxietiesandworriesthattheyfailtothinkaboutthefuture.Anothermood-repairstrategy,self-forgiveness,isaimedatdismissingtheself-blame.Universityfreshmenwhoforgavethemselvesforprocrastinatingonstudyingforthefirstexaminacourseprocrastinatedlessonthenextexam,accordingtoarecentstudyledbyMichaelWohl,anassociateprofessorofpsychologyatCarleton.ThomasFlintlearnedaboutthetechniquebyreadingresearchonself-control,includingstudiesbyDr.SiroisandDr.Pychyl.Heputittouseafterhisfamilymovedrecentlytoanewhouse.Insteadofbeatinghimselfupforfailingtounpackalltheboxesgatheredinhisgaragerightaway,Mr.Flintdecidedtoforgivehimselfandstartwithasinglestep.I’dsay,"OK,I’mgoingtotakeanhour,withagoalofgettingtheTVsetup,andthat'sit,hesays;thenhewatchedaTVshowasareward.Allowinghimselftodothetaskinstages,hesays,is“avictory.”1.WhatdoesTimothyPychylmeanbymentioningthe“givingintofeelgood”practiceinParagraph2?A.Itprobablydoesmoreharmthangood.B.Itpreventsprocrastinatorsfromgivingup.C.Ithelpsprocrastinatorsmeetthedeadline.D.Iteffectivelydrivesawayanxietyandworry.2.WheredoesarealmotivepowercomefromaccordingtoDr.Pychyl?A.Stickingtoone’sintention.B.Doingthingsthatreallymatter.C.Gettingstartedfromalowdoorstep.D.Learningimportanttechniquesofmoodrepair.3.Whatisthepurposeofthepractice“timetravel”?A.Tomaketheirfutureplanmorepractical.B.Toacceleratethespeedoffinishingthetask.C.Tostoppeoplefromworryingabouttheirtravel.D.Tofreepeoplefromthepresentnegativeemotions.4.WhatcanbeinferredfromMichaelWohlstudy?A.Self-blamepreventsstudentsfromputtingthingsoff.B.Procrastinatorsarestillabletogetgoodscoresinexams.C.Universityfreshmencangetridofprocrastinationeasily.D.Self-forgivenessisaneffectivewaytocureprocrastination.【答案】1.A2.B3.D4.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了拖延症患者拖延的原因，以及一些改变它的方法。1.词句猜测题。根据划线部分后面的“makesprocrastinatorsfeelworselater,whentheyfacetheconsequencesofmissingadeadlineormakingalast-minuteeffort”（当拖延者面临错过最后期限或在最后一刻做出努力的后果时，会让他们感觉更糟。）可知，givingintofeelgood是一种不好的情况，它会让拖延症患者感觉更糟糕。再结合上文的“Often,procrastinatorsattempttoavoidtheanxietyorworryarousedbyatoughtaskwithactivitiesaimedatrepairingtheirmood,suchascheckingFacebookortakinganap.”（通常，拖延者试图通过一些旨在修复情绪的活动来避免因艰巨任务而引起的焦虑或担忧，比如查看Facebook或小睡一会儿。）可推知，划线部分指的是看起来有好处,但实则危害更多的活动。A项“比起好处来它可能有更多危害”符合以上说法。故选A。2.细节理解题。根据第五段的“Headds,“Arealmotivepowercomesfromdoingwhatweintendtodo—thethingsthatareimportanttous.””（他补充说：“真正的动力来自于做我们想做的事——对我们来说很重要的事。”）可知，Pychyl认为真正的动力来源于做对我们来说真正重要的事。故选B。3.细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的“Thiscuresprocrastinators’tendencytogetsostuckinpresentanxietiesandworriesthattheyfailtothinkaboutthefuture.”（这治愈了拖拉者陷入当前焦虑和忧虑而无法思考未来的倾向。）可知，“时间旅行”的目的是把人们从现在的消极情绪中解放出来。故选D。4.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Anothermood-repairstrategy,self-forgiveness,isaimedatdismissingtheself-blame.Universityfreshmenwhoforgavethemselvesforprocrastinatingonstudyingforthefirstexaminacourseprocrastinatedlessonthenextexam,accordingtoarecentstudyledbyMichaelWohl,anassociateprofessorofpsychologyatCarleton.”（另一种情绪修复策略，自我原谅，旨在消除自责。卡尔顿大学（Carleton）心理学副教授迈克尔•沃尔（MichaelWohl）最近领导的一项研究表明，大学新生原谅自己在一门课程的第一次考试中拖延时间，而在下一次考试中拖延时间较少。）可知，大学生原谅自己在一门课程的第一次考试拖延后，下一次拖延的时间更少了。由此推知，自我原谅是治疗拖延症的有效方法。故选D。2TheexactlocationfromwhereVincentvanGoghislikelytohavepaintedhisfinalmasterpiece,perhapsjusthoursbeforehisdeath,hasbeendeterminedwiththehelpofapostcard.ThesceneinTreeRoots,apaintingoftrunks(树干）androotsgrowingonahillside,wasfirstspottedonacarddatingfrom1900to1910byVanderVeen,thescientificdirectoroftheInstituteVanGogh.

Followingacomparativestudyofthepainting,thepostcardandthecurrentconditionofthehillside,

researchersconcludedthatitwashighlypossiblethattheplacewhereVanGoghmadehisfinal

brushstrokeshadbeenunearthed.Themaintrunkinthepaintinghassurvivedthe130yearssincetheDutchmaster’sdeath.IthaslongbeenbelievedthatVanGoghhadbeenworkingonTreeRootsshortlybeforehetookhisownlifewitha

shottothechest.AndriesBonger,thebrother-in-lawofVanGough'sbrotherTheo,haddescribedina

letterhowthe“morningbeforehisdeath”VanGoghhad“paintedaforestscene,fullofsunandlife”Van

derVeensaid,

t4ThesunlightpaintedbyVanGoghsuggeststhatthelastbrushstrokeswerepaintedtowards

theendoftheafternoon.”TeioMeedendorp,aseniorresearcherattheVanGoghMuseum,saidthespot,some150metersfromthehotelwhereVanGoghhadstayedthelast70daysofhislife,wouldlikelyhavebeenpassedona

numberofoccasionsbyhim.

“Thesceneonthepostcardshowsveryclearsimilaritiestotheshapeofthe

roots

on

VanGogh’spainting,”hesaid.“Hemustoftenhavepassedbythelocationwhengoingtothe

fieldsbehindthecastleofAuvers,wherehepaintedseveraltimesduringthelastweekofhislifeandwhere

hewouldtakehisownlife.”5.WhatisTreeRoots?A.Atrunk.B.Ahillside.C.Adrawing.D.A

postcard.6.WhatdoweknowaboutVanGoghaccordingtothetext?A.Hehadacloserelationshipwithhisbrother.B.Whathedrewinhispaintingsallcamefromreallife.C.Hewasworkingonhisartworkshortlybeforekillinghimself.D.Hewassosickinhislastdaysthathespentallthetimeinahotel.7.WheredidVanGoghkillhimselfaccordingtoTeioMeedendorp?A.Inthefields. B.Inalocalhotel.C.InthecastleofAuvers. D.Inthesceneonthepostcard.8.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Torememberafamouspainter.VanGogh.B.TointroduceVanGogh'slifeandhisworks.C.TodescribetheinfluenceofVanGoghinart.D.TotelltheplaceinVanGogh’slastpainting.【答案】5.C6.C7.A8.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了专家们通过明信片中的线索发现了梵高最后一幅画作《树根》的实景地点。5.细节理解题。根据第二段“ThesceneinTreeRoots,apaintingoftrunks(树干）androotsgrowingonahillside,wasfirstspottedonacarddatingfrom1900to1910byVanderVeen,thescientificdirectoroftheInstituteVanGogh.(TreeRoots里的场景，生长在山坡上的树干和树根的一幅画，首次被梵高研究学院研究员VanderVeen发现在大概是来自1900年至1910年代的明信片上)”可知，TreeRoots为一幅画的名字。故选C。6.细节理解题。根据第三段“IthaslongbeenbelievedthatVanGoghhadbeenworkingonTreeRootsshortlybeforehetookhisownlifewithashottothechest.(据认为梵高在朝自己的胸口开了一枪之前一直在画TreeRoots这幅画)”可知，他自杀前一直在创作《树根》。故选C。7.细节理解题。根据文章最后一句话“HemustoftenhavepassedbythelocationwhengoingtothefieldsbehindthecastleofAuvers,wherehepaintedseveraltimesduringthelastweekofhislifeandwherehewouldtakehisownlife.(当去城堡后面的田野时，他肯定经常路过这个地方，在他生命的最后一周，他在那里画过几次画，并在那里结束了自己的生命)”可知，他在田野里结束了自己的生命。故选A。8.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“TheexactlocationfromwhereVincentvanGoghislikelytohavepaintedhisfinalmasterpiece,perhapsjusthoursbeforehisdeath,hasbeendeterminedwiththehelpofapostcard.(梵高在死前几个小时所作的最后一幅巨作的真实地点在一张明信片的帮助下被确定了)”以及接下来的内容可知，文章的主要目的是告诉读者梵高最后一幅画作所绘画的地点被确定了。故选D。3Father’sDay,aboxybrightredboat,wasdesignedandmadebyHugoVihlen.Ithadnoroomforunnecessarythingsandonlyverylimitedroomforhim.Vihlenoncemadean84-daycrossingoftheAtlanticOceanin1968.Itwasthenthesmallestboattohavemadethejourney.ThesailingboatAprilFoolwas5feetand11incheslong.ButTomMcNallybroketheworldrecordin1993bycrossingtheAtlanticinaboatthatwas5feetand4.5incheslong.Inordertoregaintheworldrecord,HugosetoutalonelaterthatsameyeartocrosstheAtlanticfromNewfoundlandtoFalmouth.ThistimehewasinFather’sDay,hishome-builtboat,whichwashalfaninchshorterthanMcNally’s.Duringhiscrossing,Hugohadtosleeponhisbackwithhiskneesbent.Hewokeeveryhourtocheckhisheadingdirectionandgeneralsailingconditions.AfterfacingeverythingtheAtlanticOceancouldthrowathim,andsomecloseencounterswithlargeships,HugofinallyarrivedinFalmouth105dayslater.Hecouldhardlywalkandhadlost34poundsinweight,buthehadregainedhisrecord.HisreceptiononarrivalinFalmouthwashardlyahero’swelcome.Oneofthewaitingjournalistsfoundhimapizzatoeatwhilehisboatwastakentoalocalsailingboatclub.Whentheyarrivedatthesailingclubforacelebrationtea,theyfoundtheclubdosed.Hefeltapityforthat.Butluckily,amemberofthepublicbroughtabottleofchampagnetotoasthissuccess.9.WhydidHugoVihlencrosstheAtlanticinhisboatin1993?A.Totesthisnewlybuiltboat. B.TomakeFather’sDayfamous.C.Todrawpublicattentiontosailing. D.TobreakTomMcNally’sworldrecord.10.WhatcanwelearnaboutHugoVihlen’scrossingtheAtlanticOcean?A.Ittookhalfayear. B.Itwasverydifficultanduncomfortable.C.ItwasbeyondHugoVihlen’sexpectation. D.ItmadeHugoVihlenseriouslyinjuredafewtimes.11.HowwasHugoVjhlen’sreceptiononarrivalinFalmouth?A.Itattractedagreatdealofmediaattention. B.Itfinallyturnedintoasimplecelebration.C.Itwasarrangedinaseriousway. D.Itwasexactlyahero’swelcome.12.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.ThelegendofFather’sDay.B.Anunexpectednewworldrecord.C.CelebrationofHugoVihlen’sgreatachievement.D.HugoVihlen’s’storyofsailingacrosstheAtlanticOcean.【答案】9.D10.B11.B12.D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了HugoVihlen为了重获世界记录，开启了一次横渡大西洋的活动，讲述了他在横渡时的经历和他到达目的地法尔茅斯后的情况。9.细节理解题。根据第二段中“ButTomMcNallybroketheworldrecordin1993bycrossingtheAtlanticinaboatthatwas5feetand4.5incheslong.(但是TomMcNally在1993年打破了这项世界纪录，他驾驶一艘长5英尺4.5英寸的船横渡大西洋)”以及第三段中“Inordertoregaintheworldrecord,HugosetoutalonelaterthatsameyeartocrosstheAtlanticfromNewfoundlandtoFalmouth.(为了重新获得这项世界纪录，Hugo在同一年晚些时候独自出发，从纽芬兰横渡大西洋到法尔茅斯)”可知，HugoVihlen在1993年乘船横渡大西洋是为了打破TomMcNally的世界纪录。故选D。10.推理判断题。根据第四段“Duringhiscrossing,Hugohadtosleeponhisbackwithhiskneesbent.Hewokeeveryhourtocheckhisheadingdirectionandgeneralsailingconditions.AfterfacingeverythingtheAtlanticOceancouldthrowathim,andsomecloseencounterswithlargeships,HugofinallyarrivedinFalmouth105dayslater.Hecouldhardlywalkandhadlost34poundsinweight,buthehadregainedhisrecord.(横渡时，Hugo只好弯着膝盖平躺着睡觉。他每小时醒来一次，检查航向和总体航行情况。在面对了大西洋可能抛给他的一切，以及几次与大型船只的近距离接触后，Hugo终于在105天后抵达法尔茅斯。他几乎无法行走，体重下降了34磅，但他又再次获得纪录)”可知，HugoVihlen穿越大西洋非常困难和不舒服。故选B。11.细节理解题。根据最后一段“HisreceptiononarrivalinFalmouthwashardlyahero’swelcome.Oneofthewaitingjournalistsfoundhimapizzatoeatwhilehisboatwastakentoalocalsailingboatclub.Whentheyarrivedatthesailingclubforacelebrationtea,theyfoundtheclubdosed.Hefeltapityforthat.Butluckily,amemberofthepublicbroughtabottleofchampagnetotoasthissuccess.(他在抵达法尔茅斯时受到的接待很难说是英雄般的欢迎。一位等待的记者给他找了一份比萨饼吃，而他的船则被带到了当地的一个帆船俱乐部。当他们到达帆船俱乐部喝庆祝茶时，发现俱乐部里的人都喝醉了。他为此感到很可惜。但幸运的是，一位市民带来了一瓶香槟酒，为他的成功庆祝)”可知，HugoVihlen到达法尔茅斯时，接待最后变成了一个简单的庆祝活动。故选B。12.主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Inordertoregaintheworldrecord,HugosetoutalonelaterthatsameyeartocrosstheAtlanticfromNewfoundlandtoFalmouth.(为了重新获得这项世界纪录，Hugo在同一年晚些时候独自出发，从纽芬兰横渡大西洋到法尔茅斯)”结合文章主要讲述了HugoVihlen为了重获世界记录，开启了一次横渡大西洋的活动，讲述了他在横渡时的经历和他到达目的地法尔茅斯后的情况。可知，文章主要讲的是HugoVihlen横渡大西洋的故事。故选D。4Digitaltechnology（数字技术）hasmadelifeeasierformostpeople.Withasmartphoneinhand,peoplecanshoponline,watchTVshowsandarrangeataxi.ZhuYiwei,17,fromAnhuiprovince,wantedhisgrandfathertohaveaccesstothisconvenience,soheboughthimanewphoneasagift.Buthisgrandfatherstillusesthephonejustforcallingandmessaging.“Hesaidotherfunctionsmakehimconfused,”saidZhu.Thisisacommonproblemfacedbytheelderlyinthedigitalage.AlthoughChinaalreadyhasmorethan900millioninternetusers,amongthem,thoseaged60andabovemakeupjust6.7percent,accordingtotheStatisticalReportonInternetDevelopment.Eventhoughtheelderlyhaveaccesstotheinternet,theymainlydoitforcommunicationandinformationacquisition（获取），accordingtoasurveybytheChineseAcademyofSocialSciences.Otherservicesarestillstrangetothem.That’swhyelderlypeoplearesometimescalled“digitalrefugees（难民）”.Forexample,sincetheCOVID-19pandemic,peopleareoftenaskedtoshowagreenhealthcodeontheirphonetogetintopublicplaces.Butmostelderlypeopledon'tusesmartphones.Eveniftheyhaveone,manydon'tknowhowtooperateit,People'sDailynoted.“Wehavemadealifelongcontributiontosociety,butnowwefeelabandonedbyit,”a75-year-oldBeijingresidentsurnamedBaitoldtheGlobalTimes.Fortheelderly,onewayofmasteringdigitaltechnologyistolearnfromyoungerfamilymembers.However,notalloftheseyoungerpeoplehavethepatienceortimetoteachtheelderly.Inaddition,agingresultsinmanyphysicalproblems,suchasweakeyesightandbadmemory.Thismakesithardertousesmartphones.ThegovernmentandotherorganizationsinChinaaretryingtohelp.SeeYoung,aBeijing-basedNGO,aimstohelpChina'selderlyusemobileservices.Studentvolunteershavebeenprovidingfreecomputerandsmartphonetrainingforelderlypeopleinover200communitiesacrossthecountry.ZhaoJingchuan,17,fromXi'anGaoxinNo1HighSchool,andhisteammembersalsotriedtohelp.Thisyear,theirdraftproposal（草拟提案）wasbroughttothetwosessions.Theysuggestedmorewaystohelpintroducethetechnologytotheoldergeneration,includingsendingmanuals(手册），offeringtechnicalsupport,andcybersecurity(网络安全）education.13.WhyisZhuYiwei'sexamplementionedinthesecondparagraph?A.Topraisehimforcaringfortheelderly.B.Toshowhowtheelderlyusephones.C.Totellabouthowtheyoungandtheelderlygetalong.D.Topresentthetopicofthedifficultieselderlypeoplefaceinthedigitalage.14.Elderlypeoplearesometimescalled“digitalrefugees”because________.A.theyhardlyhaveopportunitiestousetheinternetB.theyhavetroubleusingdigitaltechnologyC.theyareunwillingtousenewtechnologyD.theydon'thavesuitabledigitalproducts15.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“abandoned”probablymean?A.Attacked.B.Defeated.C.Leftbehind.D.Heldback.16.Whatdothelasttwoparagraphsmainlytalkabout?A.Theexpectationsoftheelderlyinthedigitalage.B.Theadvantagesofdigitaltechnologyfortheelderly.C.Theeffortsmadetohelptheelderlyusetechnology.D.Thehelpyoungpeopleprovidedfortheelderly.【答案】13.D14.B15.C16.C【解析】本文为说明文。介绍了数字技术使大多数人的生活更容易了，但大多数老年人不会使用智能手机，针对这一现状，政府、组织和个人都在为帮助老年人使用科技积极努力。13.推理判断题。根据第二段“ZhuYiwei,…boughthimanewphoneasagift.Buthisgrandfatherstillusesthephonejustforcallingandmessaging.“Hesaidotherfunctionsmakehimconfused,”saidZhu.(17岁的朱一伟…给爷爷买了一部新手机作为礼物。但他的爷爷仍然只是用它来打电话和发短信。他说，别的功能让他感到困惑)”可知，朱一伟为爷爷买了一部新手机，但是爷爷仍然只是用手机打电话和发短信，其他功能让他感到困惑，所以该例子旨在提出老年人在使用智能手机上所面临的困难，并引起下文，故选D。14.细节理解题。根据第五段“EventhoughtheelderlyhaveaccesstotheInternet,theymainlydoitforcommunicationandinformationacquisition,accordingtoasurveybytheChineseAcademyofSocialSciences.Otherservicesarestillstrangetothem.(据中国社会科学院的一项调查显示，尽管老年人可以上网，但他们上网主要是为了交流和获取信息。其他服务对他们来说仍然是陌生的)”可知，老年人有时被称为“数字难民”，是因为老人上网除了交流和获取信息之外，他们在使用数字技术方面有困难，故选B。15.词义猜测题。根据上一段“Butmostelderlypeopledon'tusesmartphones.Eveniftheyhaveone,manydon'tknowhowtooperateit,People'sDailynoted.”可知，许多老年人不用智能手机，即使有，也不知道如何使用。以及本词所在句“Wehavemadealifelongcontributiontosociety,butnowwefeelabandonedbyit”可知，对社会做出了一生的贡献，but表示转折，结合上文提到的老年人无法使用智能手机，故可以推出，他们感觉自己被社会遗弃了，相当于leftbehind，故选C。16.主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“ThegovernmentandotherorganizationsinChinaaretryingtohelp(在中国，政府和其他组织正在努力提供帮助).”和最后一段“ZhaoJingchuan,17,fromXi’anGaoxinNo1HighSchool,andhisteammembersalsotriedtohelp(来自西安高新一中17岁的赵景川(音译)和他的团队成员也试图提供帮助).”可知，最后两段介绍了政府、其他组织和个人为帮助老年人使用科技所做出的努力，故选C。5Arecentstudysuggeststhere'snothingsoftaboutpink,asitisrevealedthatthepinkestflamingosarethetoughest.PublishedintheJournalEthology,arecentstudyfoundthatapinkcoloroffeatherswasagoodindicatorofhowaggressiveabirdwaswhenfeeding,aswellasasignofgoodhealthorasignalthatthebirdwasreadytobreed(繁育）.Forthestudy,researchersobservedthebehaviorofflamingosindifferentfeedingsituations,rangingfromsmallindoorspacestolargeoutdoorspaces,withorwithoutapool.Theyfoundthatcomparedtoindoorbirdscompetingforfoodfromabowl,theoutdoor-raisedflamingosspenttwiceasmuchastimesearchingforfood,sotheyhadlesstimetoshowaggressivebehaviors.Interestingly,theirfindingsalsorevealedthatwhentheraceforfoodturnedhot,thebirdsmostlikelytoappealtoarmswerethepinkest,whethertheyweremaleorfemale.“Thecolorofflamingoscomesfromtheirfood,morespecifically,fromthealgae(藻类）thattheyabsorbfromwater.Sothemorefoodtheyhave,thepinkerthebirdsare,”saidDr.PaulRose,fromtheUniversityofExeter,inastatement.“Flamingosliveinlargegroupswithcomplexstructures,inwhichcolorplaysanimportantrole.”Flamingosdon'thaveabreedingseason.Instead,theybreedwhentheyarehealthyenoughtodoso.Theirhealthisindicatedbythecolorofthefeathers,whichispinkerintheirprimeandpalerwhentheyweak.So,thesignalthatabirdisreadytobreedisdescribedasapinkflushinitsfeathers,whichgoesawaywhenthebirdparentsachickoralreadypassesitsbestreproductivetime.Ahealthypinkflamingowillhavemoretimeandenergytobeaggressiveanddominantwhenfeeding.Whenbirdshavetocrowdtogethertogettheirfood,theyfightmoreandthereforespendlesstimefeeding,leadingtothefadingcolorofflamingosthatarealreadyweak.“Andthisdefinitelyisunfavorablefortheirreproduction,”Rosesaid.Theresearchprovidesadirectionforzoostofeedtheirflamingosandkeepthemcontentandcolorful.Thatis,ensurecaptivebirdsarefedinawidespace,ascrowdedconditionsaremorelikelytoresultinfights.“Basedonmyobservations,Isuggestedsomechanges.Andthekeeperswerewillingtotrythemout.Asaresult,we'vegotpinker,morerelaxedflamingos,"saidDr.Rose.17.What'sthepurposeoftheauthorbywritingParagraph1?A.Toproposeanexample.B.Tomakeanargument.C.Tomakeacomparison.D.Tointroducethetopic.18.Whichaspectofflamingosdidtheresearchersfocuson?A.Healthcondition.B.Socialstructures.C.Feedingactivities.D.Breedingactivities.19.Whatcanweinferabouttheflamingos'group?A.Bodysizedeterminesstatus.B.Familyistakenasabasicunit.C.Healthyflamingoscontrolthewholegroup.D.Pinkerflamingosenjoyabreedingadvantage.20.WhichmeasureofraisingflamingoswillDr.Rosesupport?A.Enlargingtheraisingspace.B.Raisingallflamingosindoors.C.Limitingthepopulationofagroup.D.Increasingthefrequencyofprovidingfood.【答案】17.D18.C19.D20.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章指出，一项研究表明火烈鸟羽毛的粉色程度能表明其进食时的侵略性，也能显示出其健康状况和繁育状态。17.推理判断题。根据第一段中“PublishedintheJournalEthology,arecentstudyfoundthatapinkcoloroffeatherswasagoodindicatorofhowaggressiveabirdwaswhenfeeding,aswellasasignofgoodhealthorasignalthatthebirdwasreadytobreed(繁育）.”可知，文章第一段指出，近期的一项研究表明火烈鸟羽毛的粉色程度能表明其进食时的侵略性以及健康状况和繁育状态，后文都是围绕这一话题展开详细阐述，显然第一段的作用就是引出主题。故选D项。18.细节理解题。根据第二段“Forthestudy,researchersobservedthebehaviorofflamingosindifferentfeedingsituations,rangingfromsmallindoorspacestolargeoutdoorspaces,withorwithoutapool.”(在这项研究中，研究人员观察了火烈鸟在不同的进食环境下的行为，从小的室内空间到大的室外空间，有或没有游泳池。)可知，该项研究中，研究人员主要是观察不同环境下火烈鸟的进食行为，与C选项相符。故选C项。19.推理判断题。根据第五段第二句“So,thesignalthatabirdisreadytobreedisdescribedasapinkflushinitsfeathers,whichgoesawaywhenthebirdparentsachickoralreadypassesitsbestreproductivetime.”(所以，火烈鸟准备繁殖的信号是它羽毛上的粉红色，当它养育幼鸟或已经经过了最好的繁殖时间时，粉色就消失了。)可知，火烈鸟羽毛的粉色程度可以表明其是否适于进行繁育，与D选项“（羽毛）更粉的火烈鸟在繁育中占据优势”表达的含义逻辑上是相符的。故选D项。20.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Thatis,ensurecaptivebirdsarefedinawidespace,ascrowdedconditionsaremorelikelytoresultinfights.”(也就是说，要确保圈养的火烈鸟在一个广阔的空间里喂食，因为拥挤的环境更容易导致打架)可知，该项研究能提供给动物园的参考是，保证火烈鸟的饲养区域范围足够宽广，这应该正是Dr.Rose给出的建议内容，与A选项“扩大饲养空间”相符。故选A项。6Scientistshavebeentryingtofigureouthowtoalterthegenesofhumansformanyyears,anditlookslikethey’vefinallycracked(破解)thecode.Butwhilethismayseemlikeagreatstepforwardinscience,somealsobelievethatit’sonestepbackwhenitcomestoethics(道德准则).InAugust,agroupofscientistsfromtheUSAandSouthKoreaworkedtogethertosuccessfullyeditahumanembryo(胚胎)andremoveageneticmutation(突变)thatwouldhaveledtoheartdisease,reportedTheGuardian.ThiswasdonewiththehelpofCRISPR,agene-editingtoolthatallowsscientiststo“cutandpaste”humanDNA.Althoughthiswasthefirstexampleofanembryo’sgenesbeingchangedsuccessfully,theadvantagesofgeneeditinghavealreadybeentestedinlivingpatients.In2015,afive-month-oldgirlfromtheUKwassavedafterdoctorsusededitedcellstofightoffhercancer.Asoftoday,she’saliveandwell.AndintheUSAlastyear,scientistsmanagedtoremoveHIVcellsfromseveralpatientsbyeditingthegenesinsidetheirbodies.Somepeoplehopethatinthefuture,diseasesorbirthdefectscouldsimplybe"editedout”.However,othersbelievethiscouldleadtoso-calleddesignerbabies,givingparentstheoptiontochooseeverythingfromeyecolortointelligence.“Youcouldfindwealthyparentsbuyingthelatest“upgrades”fortheirchildren,leadingtoevengreaterinequalitythanwealreadylivewith,”MarcyCamovsky,directoroftheSanFranciscoCenterforGenetics,toldBBCNews.Inspiteoftheseethicalconcerns,expertssayit’snotpossibletocreatethe“perfect”humanbeing.Despitetheprogressscientistshavemade,wedon’tunderstandhumangenesenoughtogiveallunbornchildrengreatbrainpoweroramazingsingingabilities.“Rightnow,weknownothingaboutgeneticenhancement,”HankGreely,adirectoratStanfordUniversity,USA,toldTheNewYorkTimes.“We’renevergoingtobeabletosay,honestly,thisembryolookslikeitwouldscorehighonthetwo-partSAT.”Soitlookslikeifwewantgoodexamresults,ortoimpresspeoplewithourpianoskills,we’llhavetostickwiththeoldfashionedmethodofplainhardwork---atleastfornow.21.Theunderlinedword“alter”inParagraph1probablymeans________.A.record B.change C.remove D.increase22.Whatwasthefirstsuccessfulexampleofhumanembryogeneediting?A.Ageneticmutationrelatedtoheartdiseasewasremovedbyscientists.B.Anewbornbabywithcancerwassavedbyeditedcells.C.HIVcellswereremovedfrompatients9bodies.D.Somebirthdefectsweresimplyeditedout.23.Whydosomepeopleconsiderhumangeneeditingastepbackwards?A.Theydon’tthinkitisaneffectivewaytofightdiseases.B.Theyareconcernedthatitcouldleadtogeneticmutations.C.Theythinkitcouldleadtodesignerbabiesandincreasedinequality.D.Theyworrythatitcouldmakeparentsabandonchildrenwithbirthdefects.24.Whatcanweconcludefromthetext?A.Geneeditingisregardedastheperfectwaytotreatbirthdefects.B.Thereisstillalongwaytogotofullyunderstandhumangenes.C.Geneeditingcouldhelpenhancehumanintelligenceinthenearfuture.D.Scientistsarepessimistic(悲观的)aboutthefutureofgeneediting.【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们多年来一直试图找出如何改变人类的基因，来自美国和韩国的科学家合作成功地编辑了一个人类胚胎，虽然这看起来是科学上的一大进步，但也有人认为，在伦理上，这是倒退了一步。我们对人类基因的了解，还需要不断探索。21.词句猜测题。根据第一段中“InAugust,agroupofscientistsfromtheUSAandSouthKoreaworkedtogethertosuccessfullyeditahumanembryo(胚胎)andremoveageneticmutation(突变)thatwouldhaveledtoheartdisease,reportedTheGuardian.(据英国《卫报》报道，今年8月，一组来自美国和韩国的科学家合作成功地编辑了一个人类胚胎，并移除了一个可能导致心脏病的基因突变)”可知，科学家可以编辑并改变人类胚胎基因。再根据本段划线句子“Scientistshavebeentryingtofigureouthowtoalterthegenesofhumansformanyyears,anditlookslikethey’vefinallycracked(破解)thecode.(科学家们多年来一直试图找出如何alter人类的基因，看来他们终于破解了密码)”可知，科学家一直试图“改变”人类的基因，终于破解了密码，在人类胚胎基因上取得突破，由此可知划线词词义为“改变”。故选B。22.细节理解题。根据第一段中“InAugust,agroupofscientistsfromtheUSAandSouthKoreaworkedtogethertosuccessfullyeditahumanembryo(胚胎)andremoveageneticmutation(突变)thatwouldhaveledtoheartdisease,reportedTheGuardian.(据英国《卫报》报道，今年8月，一组来自美国和韩国的科学家合作成功地编辑了一个人类胚胎，并移除了一个可能导致心脏病的基因突变)”以及第二段中“Althoughthiswasthefirstexampleofanembryo’sgenesbeingchangedsuccessfully,theadvantagesofgeneeditinghavealreadybeen