挑战练01 阅读理解(细节理解题)(解析版)-2020-2021学年下学期高二英语期末题型挑战练(全国通用)

2020~2021学年下学期高二英语期末题型挑战练(全国通用)01阅读理解(细节理解题)1Chinawasalatecomertospaceexploration,andinthemovies,ithasbeenalatecomertosciencefiction.Thathasprobablychanged.Thecountry’sfirstblockbuster(大片)setinspace,TheWanderingEarth,openedinFebruaryamidhighexpectationsthatitwouldrepresentthebeginningofanewerainChinesefilmmaking.Shownin3D,TheWanderingEarthtakesplaceinadistantfutureinwhichthesunisabouttoexpandintoaredgiantanddevour(吞食)theEarth.Theapproachingdangerforcestheworld’sengineerstoworkoutaplantomovetheplanettoanewsolarsystem.ThingsgoverybadlywhenEarthhastopassJupiter,settingoffadesperatefighttosavehumanityfrombeingtotallydestroyed.TheWanderingEarthisadaptedfromashortnovelbyLiuCixin,thewriterwhohasledarenaissanceinsciencefictioninChina.Hisworksaregreatepics(史诗)anddeeplyresearched.Translatingthemintomovieswouldchallengeanyfilmmaker,asthedirectorofTheWanderingEarth,GuoFan,admitted.GuonotedthatChineseStudioshadbeencautiousaboutinvestingtheresourcesrequiredtomakeconvincingscience-fiction.ThebudgetforTheWanderingEarthreportedlyreachednearly$50million—modestbyHollywoodstandardsbutstillsignificantinChina.“Ireallyhopethismoviewillnotlosemoneyatleast,”saidGuobeforethemovie’srelease.ThepopularityofLiu’snovelscouldhelp.SocouldthefactthatChinahasreachedamilestoneinspace:thelandingofaprobe(航天探测器)onthefarsideofthemooninJanuary.AlthoughdecadesbehindRussiaandtheUnitedStates,Chinahasnowputastronautsinorbitandhasambitiousplanstojoinorevenleadanewageofspaceexploration.UnlikesometypicalHollywoodmovies,TheWanderingEarthdoesnotfeatureaworld-savinghero.ThefighttosaveEarthisfoughtinsteadbyagroup.AvisionofinternationalcooperationtocopewiththethreatsfacingtheEarthisathemethatrunsdeeplythroughLiu’sfiction.1.WhatmessagedoesthesuccessofthemovieTheWanderingEarthconvey?A.Itlivesuptotheaudience’shighexpectations.B.ItmarksanewheightoftheChinesefilmmakingindustry.C.ItdisplaysChina’sambitiontoleadspaceexploration.D.ItsetsnewandhigherstandardsforChinesemovies.2.TheWanderingEarthachievedgreatsuccessbecauseof________.A.giantinvestmentofChinesestudios B.thehighreputationofthefilmdirectorC.China’sadvancesinspaceexploration D.thedeepresearchandworld-savingtheme3.Whatmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.ANewEraforSpaceExplorationBeginsB.AFilmBasedonLiuCixin’sNovelEnjoysGreatPopularityC.China’sFirstSpace-ThemedFilmFeaturesCooperationD.China’sFilmIndustryEventuallyJoinstheSpaceRace【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述电影《流浪地球》是中国第一部关于太空的科幻电影，也反映出中国日益增长的经济实力和国际团队协作。1.推理判断题。根据文章中“Thecountry’sfirstblockbuster(大片)setinspace,TheWanderingEarth,openedinFebruaryamidhighexpectationsthatitwouldrepresentthebeginningofanewerainChinesefilmmaking.(这个国家的第一个以太空为背景的大片《流浪地球》，2月份上映，期望值很高，它代表中国电影制造业的新纪元的开端)”可知，《流浪地球》的成功标志着中国电影制作业的新高度。故选B。2.细节理解题。根据文章“ThepopularityofLiu’snovelscouldhelp.SocouldthefactthatChinahasreachedamilestoneinspace:thelandingofaprobe(航天探测器)onthefarsideofthemooninJanuary.(刘慈欣的小说的流行起了作用。中国在太空领域达到了一个里程碑：航天探测器1月份在月球另一边的成功着陆的事实也起了重要作用)”可知，流浪地球的成功是由于刘的小说的流行，中国在太空探索上的进步。故选C。3.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Chinawasalatecomertospaceexploration,andinthemovies,ithasbeenalatecomertosciencefiction.Thathasprobablychanged.(中国是太空探索的后来者，在电影中，它也是科幻小说类电影的后来者。这种情况很可能已经发生改变)”，之后引出了电影《流浪地球》，并讲述该电影成功以及与太空探索的联系，以及对未来的期待。所以全文主要讲述中国的电影工业最终加入了太空竞赛。故选D。2YogaoriginatedinancientIndiasome5,000yearsago.Ithassincespreadacrosstheworldtomanycultures.Inthelastfewyears,yogahasbeenofferingclassesaimingatthehearingimpaired(听障者).Mostyogaclassesarebasedonamodelinwhichstudentslearnbylisteningtotheirteacher'sstatements.Asmanyyogapositionslimittheabilitytoseetheteacher,hearing-impairedparticipantswhorelyonlipreading(唇读)orsignlanguageareleftontheirownduringaclass.Recognizingthehearing-impairedareeagertoattendyogaclasses,oneBritishyogastudiodeterminedtofillthelack.BethaneyMouzer,ayogainstructorlaunchedSignYogain2019,withthegoalofbringingyogatopeopleforwhomthepracticemayhavepreviouslybeenforbidden.Mouzer,whowasborntonon-hearingparents,isusedtoexistingtwoworlds.Afterbecomingayogateacherin2015,shefieldedrequestsfrommanypeoplewhowereinterestedinyoga,butstruggledtofindteacherstoaccommodatetheirneeds.AtfirstMouzerstartedoutsmall,holdingsingle-dayworkshopsatlocalstudiosinBirminghamandWorcester,whereshesignedcontinuouslythroughouttheclasses.Thesessionswereanimmediatehit,andMouzerbeganpostingclassesonlineviaaFacebookpagecalledSignYoga.Finally,oncetherewasenoughdemand,MouzeralsostartedteachinginLondon.Today,SignYogaisamostlyonlinecompany,withliveZoomclassesandpre-recordedlessonsaccessibletostudents,aswellasoccasionalin-personclassesheldinlocalparks.MouzerranaDeafAccessibleYogaTeacherTrainingworkshopinMay.4.Howaremostyogaclassescarriedout?A.Byfollowingteachers'instructions.B.Byadjustingyogapositionsfrequently.C.Byencouragingstudentstoparticipate.D.Byignoringtheneedsofdisabledlearners.5.WhydidBethaneyMouzercreateSignYoga?A.Tosatisfytheneedsofsignlanguage.B.TomakeafortunebyteachingYoga.C.TocompensateforhersufferingwhilelearningYoga.D.TomakeYogaaccessibletothehearing-impaired.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fielded”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Refused. B.Answered. C.Presented. D.Repeated.7.WhichwordcanbestdescribeMouzeraccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?A.Kind. B.Romantic. C.Grateful. D.Good-tempered.【答案】4.A5.D6.B7.A【解析】本文为说明文。文章介绍一种针对听障人士的瑜伽悄然流行。4.细节理解题。根据第二段内容“Mostyogaclassesarebasedonamodelinwhichstudentslearnbylisteningtotheirteacher'sstatements.Asmanyyogapositionslimittheabilitytoseetheteacher,hearing-impairedparticipantswhorelyonlipreading(唇读)orsignlanguageareleftontheirownduringaclass.（大多数瑜伽课程都是基于这样一种模式，即学生通过倾听老师的陈述来学习。由于许多瑜伽姿势限制了人们看到老师的能力，那些依赖唇读或手语的听力受损的参与者只能在课堂上自己练习。）”可知，大多数瑜伽课是通过听老师的指导来学习。故选A。5.细节理解题。根据第三段内容“Recognizingthehearing-impairedareeagertoattendyogaclasses,oneBritishyogastudiodeterminedtofillthelack.BethaneyMouzer,ayogainstructorlaunchedSignYogain2019,withthegoalofbringingyogatopeopleforwhomthepracticemayhavepreviouslybeenforbidden.（英国一家瑜伽工作室认识到听力受损的人都渴望参加瑜伽课程，他们决心填补这一空缺。瑜伽教练贝瑟尼·穆泽于2019年推出了“标识瑜伽”，目标是把瑜伽带给以前可能被禁止的人。）”可知，她创建SignYoga的目的是为了让听障人士也能接触到瑜伽。故选D。6.词义猜测题。根据本句话“Afterbecomingayogateacherin2015,shefieldedrequestsfrommanypeoplewhowereinterestedinyoga,butstruggledtofindteacherstoaccommodatetheirneeds.（2015年成为瑜伽老师后，她处理了许多对瑜伽感兴趣的人的请求，但很难找到满足他们需求的老师。）”可知，她回应了许多对瑜伽感兴趣的人的要求，但却很难找到能满足他们需求的老师。由此判断，该划线词意思是“回应”。故选B。7.推理判断题。根据第五段“AtfirstMouzerstartedoutsmall,holdingsingle-dayworkshopsatlocalstudiosinBirminghamandWorcester,whereshesignedcontinuouslythroughouttheclasses.Thesessionswereanimmediatehit,andMouzerbeganpostingclassesonlineviaaFacebookpagecalledSignYoga.Finally,oncetherewasenoughdemand,MouzeralsostartedteachinginLondon.（一开始，莫泽的工作规模很小，她在伯明翰和伍斯特的当地工作室举办了一天的工作坊，在整个课程中，她都在那里不断签约。这些课程立即引起了轰动，Mouzer开始通过一个名为SignYoga的Facebook页面在网上发布课程。最后，一旦有了足够的需求，Mouzer也开始在伦敦教书。）”和最后一段中“MouzerranaDeafAccessibleYogaTeacherTrainingworkshopinMay.（今年5月，Mouzer举办了一个聋人瑜伽教师培训研讨会。）”由此可推知，她是善良的。故选A。3Itcouldbesaidthatthenorthernmostpartofourplanetholdsthesecretsofourpastaswellasourfuture.ThroughourexplorationoftheArctic,scientistshavediscoveredmoreaboutthebiodiversity(生物多样性)oftheareaaswellashowtopreserveEarth’secosystems.Yetasoneofthemostseverebutmostprimitive(原始的)placesonEarth,theArctichasbeenaffectedbyhumanactivitiesresearchandexploration,boomingtourismandaboveall,globalwarminginrecentdecades.JonathanSmith,produceroftheBBCdocumentaryBluePlanetII,sharedhisfilmingexperienceintheArctic.“Wewereallsetandreadytofilmbutweneededtwomajorthingswalrus(海象)andice.Ihadexpectedthatwalrusmaybehardtofind,butIdidn'texpectittobehardtofindice,”hetoldtheBBC.“Thecrewwasallcommentingonhowsurprisinglywarmitwas.”Theywerenotmistaken.ScientistshavebeenrecordingchangesintheArctic.Itsseaiceminimuminsummer,forexample,hasreducedby40percentinthepast30years,NASAdatashowed.ThesechangeshavehadbadinfluencesontheArcticandthehuman,animalandplantlifethatcallsithome.Buttheeffectsofthesechangesarenotlimitedtotheinhabitantsofthisareaalone.Infact,itcouldbesaidthattheweightoftheworldreliesonthisicyregion.TheEarth’ssteadyclimatedependsontheArctic’sseaice,whichactsasahugewhitereflector(反光体)atthetopoftheplanet,bouncingsomeofthesun’sraysbackintospace.ThemoreArcticseaicemelts,thelesslightisreflected,andthemorethedarkoceanswillabsorbthesun’sradiation.TheArcticalsohelpscirculateoceanmovement,movingcoldandwarmwateraroundtheglobe.Withvisiblechangesintheglobalclimate,theArctichasgivenusawake-upcallwhathappens“upintheNorth”doesn’tjuststaythere.Itcomeswithahighcosttotheworldatlarge.It'stimeforustopayattentiontothischillyregionandlearnmoreaboutwhat’shappeningthere,aswellasitspastandpossiblefuture.8.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisthemostthreateningchallengetheArcticfaces?A.Coldness. B.Darkness. C.Globalwarming. D.Wilderness.9.WhydoestheauthorquoteJonathanSmith’swordsinParagraph3?A.Togiveanexample. B.Tosupportanidea.C.Toclarifyaquestion. D.Toprovidemoreinformation.10.WhyaretheeffectsofthechangesintheArcticsoimportanttothewholeworld?A.Theseaiceabsorbsthesun’sradiationtokeeptheEarth’sclimatesteady.B.TheArctichelpscirculateairaroundtheworld.C.TheArcticishometothehuman,animalandplantlife.D.Theseaicehelpsreduceglobalwarmingbyreflectingthesunlight.11.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetothepresentsituationoftheArctic?A.Concerned. B.Approving. C.Optimistic. D.Contradictory.【答案】8.C9.B10.D11.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文分别介绍了北极的情况和近年来人类活动对北极造成的不良影响，这种影响可能会蔓延到世界。8.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Yetasoneofthemostseverebutmostprimitive(原始的)placesonEarth,theArctichasbeenaffectedbyhumanactivitiesresearchandexploration,boomingtourismandaboveall,globalwarminginrecentdecades.”（然而作为地球上最严峻，最原始的地方之一，近几十年来受到人类活动——探险，旅游业，最重要的是全球变暖的影响的威胁）可知，对北极威胁最大的是全球变暖。故选C。9.推理判断题。根据第三段JonathanSmith说的话“Ihadexpectedthatwalrusmaybehardtofind,butIdidn'texpectittobehardtofindice”（我之前以为海象很难找，但是我没想过冰也会变得很难找）以及“Thecrewwasallcommentingonhowsurprisinglywarmitwas”（船员们都在评论天气是多么的温暖）可知，作者引用JonathanSmith的话是为了支持提到的观点。故选B。10.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“TheEarth’ssteadyclimatedependsontheArctic’sseaice,whichactsasahugewhitereflector(反光体)atthetopoftheplanet,bouncingsomeofthesun’sraysbackintospace.ThemoreArcticseaicemelts,thelesslightisreflected,andthemorethedarkoceanswillabsorbthesun’sradiation”（地球的稳定气候取决于北极的海冰，这作为行星顶部的一个巨大的白色反射器，反射一部分太阳光回太空。北极海冰融化的越多，光反射的越少，黑暗的海洋吸收的太阳辐射越多）可知，北极的变化会影响到全世界是因为海冰通过反射阳光有助于减少全球变暖。故选D。11.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Withvisiblechangesintheglobalclimate,theArctichasgivenusawake-upcallwhathappens“upintheNorth”doesn’tjuststaythere.”（伴随着全球气候的明显变化，北极给我们敲响了警钟——在北极发生的事情不仅仅只停留在那里）以及“It'stimeforustopayattentiontothischillyregionandlearnmoreaboutwhat’shappeningthere,aswellasitspastandpossiblefuture.”（是时候关注这个寒冷的地区了，了解现在发生在那里的事以及它的过去和未来可能发生的事）可知，作者是担心的。故选A。4WhenyouthinkoftheHimalayas,youmaypicturetall,rocky,snow-coveredpeaks.Butthat’snottrue.Thesubnival(亚冰雪的)regionisthezonebetweenthetreelineandthesnowline.Itis5to5timesaslargeastheareasofglaciersandpermanentsnow,whichmeansstudyingitisvitaltounderstandingtheHimalayasasawhole.Thetreelineistheedgeofanecosystemwheretreesareabletogrow,andbeyondthetreelineenvironmentalconditionsbecometootoughtoallowtreegrowth.Meanwhile,snowlinesaretheboundariesonmountainsthatseparateareaswithpermanentsnow(wheresnowispresentforthemajorityoftheyear)fromareaswithseasonalornosnow.Researchersusedsatellitedatafrom1993to2018tomeasureplantcoverbetween4,150metersand6,000metersabovesealevel.Thescientistsdiscoveredthatthegreatestincreaseinplantcoverwasbetweenanaltitudeof5,000metersand5,500meters.Subnivalplantsmostlyincludesmallshrubsandgrasses.Evenareasoncecompletelyoccupiedbyglaciersnowholdrockscoveredwithmosses,lichen,andsometimesevenflowers.Inaddition,thesnowlineseemstoberetreating,whilethetreelineisexpanding.Thisshowsthattheregionisbecomingwarmer,causingmoremeltingofsnowandallowingvegetationtomoveupinheight.Inthepast40years,25%ofallHimalayanicehasbeenlostduetoglobalwarming.Himalayanglaciersarereducingbyabout0.5meterseachyear.Therateofglaciermeltinghasdoubledinthisdecade.Themeltingofglaciersincreaseswaterintheregion,makingitwetter.Recedingsnowalsoforcesthesnowlinetomoveup,providingagreateramountofareaforthewarmandmoistconditions,whichareperfectforvegetationgrowth.Asofnow,wedonotknowwhethervegetationwillaccelerateorslowdowntherateofglaciermelting.12.Howdoesthewriterdevelopthethirdparagraph?A.Byexplainingconcepts. B.Byprovidingsomeexamples.C.Byanalyzingcausesandeffects. D.Bylistingspecificdata.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“retreating”meaninParagraph5?A.Disappearing. B.Lengthening. C.Withdrawing. D.Widening.14.WhatisthedirecteffectofglobalwarmingontheHimalayas?A.Thesnowlinemovesup. B.Glaciersaremeltingfaster.C.Thesubnivalareaiswetter. D.Plantsgrowmuchbetter.15.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.TheclimateoftheHimalayasischanging. B.IcebergsintheHimalayashavedisappeared.C.PlantsarediverseintheHimalayas. D.PlantlifespreadsintheHimalayas.【答案】12.A13.C14.B15.D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员们发现随着全球气候变化，喜马拉雅山区的植被都在增加等情况。12.推理判断题。根据第三段“Thetreelineistheedgeofanecosystemwheretreesareabletogrow,andbeyondthetreelineenvironmentalconditionsbecometootoughtoallowtreegrowth.Meanwhile,snowlinesaretheboundariesonmountainsthatseparateareaswithpermanentsnow(wheresnowispresentforthemajorityoftheyear)fromareaswithseasonalornosnow.(树木生长线是树木能够生长的生态系统的边缘，在树木生长线之外的环境条件过于艰难，无法让树木生长。同时，雪线是山上的边界，将长期降雪的地区（全年大部分时间有降雪）与季节性或无降雪地区分开)”可推知，本段介绍了林木线以及雪线，并分别进行了解释，因此是通过做解释展开第三段内容的。故选A。13.词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Inaddition,thesnowlineseemstobe”以及后文“whilethetreelineisexpanding(树木生长线正在扩大)”可知，这里的while表示对比，因此说明前面的雪线正在后退。故画线词意思是“后退”。A.Disappearing.消失；B.Lengthening.加长；C.Withdrawing.后退；D.Widening.变宽。故选C。14.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Inthepast40years,25%ofallHimalayanicehasbeenlostduetoglobalwarming.Himalayanglaciersarereducingbyabout0.5meterseachyear.Therateofglaciermeltinghasdoubledinthisdecade.(在过去的40年里，由于全球变暖，25%的喜马拉雅冰川已经消失。喜马拉雅冰川每年减少约0.5米。冰川融化的速度在这十年里翻了一番)”可知，气候变暖直接导致喜马拉雅山冰川融化加快。故选B。15.主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Researchersusedsatellitedatafrom1993to2018tomeasureplantcoverbetween4,150metersand6,000metersabovesealevel.Thescientistsdiscoveredthatthegreatestincreaseinplantcoverwasbetweenanaltitudeof5,000metersand5,500meters.(研究人员利用1993年至2018年的卫星数据，测量了海拔4150米至6000米之间的植物覆盖面积。科学家们发现，海拔5000米到5500米之间的植被覆盖增加最多)”结合文章主要介绍了研究人员们发现随着全球气候变化，喜马拉雅山区的植被都在增加等情况。故D选项“植物在喜马拉雅山蔓延”最适合作本文标题。故选D。5Wineandbeaches,fireworksandmusic...ourreadersrecommendsomefantasticfestivals.FestadelTUvaedelVino,ItalySetonthebeautifulshoresofLakeGarda,thisgrapesandwinefestivaltakesoverthesmalltownofBardolinoforfourdayseveryOctober.Withlocalwines,food,artprojections,fireworksandlivemusic.peoplecomefrommilesaroundtocelebrate.Firstandforemost，it’saboutgreatwine，butit’sworthvisitingtosoakupthegreatatmosphere.Free，1-5OctoberQuestfestival,VietnamThisisaweekendcampingfestivalheldjusta40-minutedrivefromHanoi,bringingtogetherlocalsandvisitorsinacelebrationofundergroundliveandelectronicmusicculture.HeldinthebeautifulSonTinhcampsite,thereareusuallyabout30localandinternationalDJsand10bands.Therearealsoworkshops,pop-upcafes,fireperformances,dancingandmuchmore.Weekendticketsabout£25,6-8NovemberEstivalSwitzerlandThisisafreefestivalofjazzwhichtakesplaceinthefirstweekendinJulyintheprettysquaresandlakesidebeachesandparksaroundthesouthernSwisstownofLugano.ThepalmtreesandsummerairtoseesomeofEurope’supandcomingjazzbandsandenjoySwissFree,everyJulyIrishRedheadConvention,CountyCorkAfriendlygatheringforallred-hairedpeopleisheldinthesmallseasidevillageofCrosshavenwhereredheadsfromallovertheworldtakepartinlightheartedevents.There’slivemusic,artexhibitions,lecturesandofcoursethetraditionalParadeofRedheadsthroughthevillageledbythenewlycrownedRedheadKingandQueen.Free,EveryAugust16.Jennifer,agirlwithredhair,maybeinterestedin________.A.Estival. B.Questfestival.C.FestadeirtlvaedelVino. D.IrishRedheadConvention.17.Whatdothesefourfestivalshaveincommon?A.Theyofferlocalfood.B.Theyhavefireworks.C.Theyarefreeofcharge.D.Theyhavemusicactivities.18.Wherecanyouprobablyfindthetext?A.Inatextbook.B.Inamagazine.C.Inanewsreport.D.Inaresearchpaper.【答案】16.D17.D18.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了四个极好的节日的基本信息，包括举办时间、地点、活动及票价等。16.推理判断题。根据文章最后一部分第一句“Afriendlygatheringforallred-hairedpeopleisheldinthesmallseasidevillageofCrosshavenwhereredheadsfromallovertheworldtakepartinlightheartedevents.(所有红头发的人在十字胡胡须的海边小村庄举行了一次友好的聚会,这里是来自世界各地的红发女郎，参加轻松活动的地方)”可知，一个红头发的女孩可能会对IrishRedheadConvention感兴趣。故选D。17.细节理解题。根据文章第一部分FestadelTUvaedelVino,Italy中“Withlocalwines,food,artprojections,fireworksandlivemusic”；第二部分Questfestival,Vietnam中“…bringingtogetherlocalsandvisitorsinacelebrationofundergroundliveandelectronicmusicculture.”；第三部分EstivalSwitzerland中“ThepalmtreesandsummerairtoseesomeofEurope’supandcomingjazzbandsandenjoySwiss”；第四部分IrishRedheadConvention,CountyCork中“There’slivemusic,artexhibitions,lecturesandofcoursethetraditionalParadeofRedheadsthroughthevillageledbythenewlycrownedRedheadKingandQueen.”可知，每一部分内容中都有提及music，因此四个活动的共同之处为都有音乐活动。故选D。18.推理判断题。根据文章第一句“Wineandbeaches,fireworksandmusic...ourreadersrecommendsomefantasticfestivals.(美酒和沙滩，烟火和音乐……，我们的读者推荐了一些极好的节日)”可知，这篇文章很有可能来自杂志。故选B。6Governments,financialinstitutions,employers,bordersecurityandpoliceservicesareincreasinglyusingfacialrecognitiontechnology.Thisallowsthemtoquicklyconfirmanindividual'sidentity.Systemsarebecomingsocompetentthatawantedcriminalcanbepickedout.ofacrowdofthousandsofpeople.Allthat'srequiredisanimageinadatabasetocomparewiththeimageofanynumberofpeopleinacrowd.Ordinarypeople,too,areusingfacialrecognitiontounlocktheirphones,computersandotherdevices.Suchsystemsaregenerallyquitesecure.Theyalsoareinstantaneous(瞬间的)andrelievepeopleoftheneedtomemorizepasswordsorPINs(PersonalIdentificationNumbers).Despitetheseadvantages,humanrightsgroupsintheU.S.haveprotestedagainstthegrowinguseoffacialrecognitiontechnologyfortwomainreasons.Thefirstisthatcurrentfacialrecognitionsystemsfrequentlymakemistakeswithcertaingroupsofpeople.AstudyconductedbytheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyexaminedthreesystemsandfoundthattheywronglyidentifiedupto34percentofwomenwhohaddarkskin.Anothergovernmentstudyonfacialrecognitionsystemsfoundthattheirerrorrateswerehigherforblackwomenand