初中英语 句式 课件

1.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。（一）定义2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词称为先行词。3.关系词：

引导定语从句的词称为关系词,可分为关系代词和关系副词.关系词主要有关系代词和关系副词关系代词主要有:that,which,who,whom,whose,as等关系副词有:when,where,why关系词通常有下列三个作用：A.引导定语从句；B.代替先行词；C.在定语从句中充当一个成分。

例如:Thepersonwhoisshaking

handswithmyteacherisapoliceman.（二）关系代词引导的定语从句1.who

用以指人，在定语从句中用作主语。①Thestudentswhoareplaying

basketballarefromClassTwo.②Thosewho

wanttogotothe

museummustsignyournamehere.2.whom用以指人，在定语从句中做极物动词或介词的宾语,常可省略。例如:MrsLiuisthewoman(whom)

youtalkedabouton

thebus.

Maryisjustthegirl(whom)

Iwanttosee.Theperson(whom)

youare

waitingforhascome.Thestudent(whom)

theteacher

oftenpraisesisourmonitor.注意：关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who

来代替，也可省略。Thewoman(whom/who)

youmetjustnowismyEnglishteacher.3.which指代事物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。例如:Basketballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.Thefactorywhichmakesbikesisfarawayfromhere.

4．that指代人时，相当于who或whom；指代事物时，相当于which,在定语从句中用作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。Thenumberofpeoplethat/who

cometothiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.再如:Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?Thepersonthat/whomyouintroducedtomeisverykind.Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer.5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。①Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.

②Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替.Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.（三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazine(which/that)youaskedfor.TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazineforwhichyouasked.

注意：1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.２.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who,that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.３.“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.（四）关系副词引导的定语从句1.when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallyarrived.2.where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。①ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.③Ivisitedthefarmwherealotofcowswereraised.②ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.3.why

指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.Thereasonwhyhewaspunishedisunknowntous.Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。

Fromtheyearswhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoprimaryschoolinthecountryhehadknownwhathewantedtobewhenhegrewup.（五）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句A.限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。B.非限制性定语从句只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。译法上译成先行词的定语“…的”通常译成主句的并列句。

关系词的使用上A．作宾语时可省略B．不可省略C．可用that

D．不用thatE．可用who

代替whomF．不可用who

代替whom注意区分下列几组句子的不同含义：1.Herbrotherwhoisnowasoldieralwaysencourageshertogotocollege.她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学.（意含：她还有其他哥哥。）Herbrother,whoisnowasoldier,alwaysencourageshertogotocollege.她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。（意含：她只有一个哥哥。）（一）限制性定语从句中只能用that引导定语从句的情况1.当先行词是everything,anything,nothing(something除外),all,none,few,little,some等代词时，或当先行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代词修饰时。注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who，Allthegueststhat/whowereinvitedtoherweddingwereimportantpeople.Anymanthat/whohasasenseofdutywon’tdosuchathing.2.当先行词被序数词修饰时。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.4．当先行词被thevery,theonly修饰时。ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowns.注意：当先行词指人时，通常用关系代词who。WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting.5.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时。Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate?WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?6.当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。TheytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschoolLookatthemanandhisdonkeythatarewalkingupthestreet.

（二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句时，其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是

1.as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。2.as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as常常有“正如、正像”的含义。Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。如：Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.Thesetablesaremadeofmetal,whichmadethemveryheavy.3.当先行词受such,thesame修饰时，关系词常用as。I’veneverheardsuchstoriesashetells.Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.

ThisisthesamedictionaryasIlostlastweek.注意：当先行词受thes