1995-2023年英语专八翻译真题及答案

英语专业八级考试翻译局部历届试题及参考答案〔1995-2023〕1995年英语专业八级考试--翻译局部参考译文C-E原文：简.奥斯丁的小说都是三五户人家居家度日，婚恋嫁娶的小事。因此不少中国读者不理解她何以在西方享有那么高的声誉。但一部小说开掘得深不深，艺术和思想是否有过人之处，确实不在题材大小。有人把奥斯丁的作品比作越咀嚼越有味道的橄榄。这不仅由于她的语言精彩，并曾对小说艺术的进展有制造性的奉献，也由于她的轻愉快泼的表达实际上并不那么浅白，那么透亮。史密斯夫人说过，女作家常常试图修正现存的价值秩序，转变人们对“重要”和“不重要”的看法。或许奥斯丁的小说能教我们学会转换眼光和角度，明察到“小事”的表达所涉及的那些不小的问题。参考译文：However,subjectmatterisindeednotthedecisivefactorbywhichwejudgeanovelofitsdepthaswellas(of)itsartisticappealandideologicalcontent(or:astowhetheranoveldigsdeepornotorwhetheritexcelsinartisticappealandideologicalcontent).SomepeoplecompareAusten’sworkstoolives:themoreyouchewthem,themoretasty(thetastier)theybecome.Thiscomparisonisbasednotonlyon(Thisisnotonlybecauseof)herexpressivelanguageandhercreativecontributiontothedevelopmentofnovelwritingasanart,butalsoon(becauseof)thefactthatwhathidesbehindherlightandlivelynarrativeissomethingimplicitandopaque(notsoexplicitandtransparent).Mrs.Smithonceobserved,womenwritersoftensought(madeattempts)torectifytheexistingvalueconcepts(orders)bychangingpeople’sopinionsonwhatis“important”andwhatisnot.E-C原文I,bycomparison,livinginmyoverpricedcityapartment,walkingtoworkpastputridsacksofstreetgarbage,payingusurioustaxestolocalandstategovernmentsIgenerallyabhor,Iamratedmiddleclass.Thiscausesmetowonder,dothemeasurementmakesense?Arewemeasuringonlythatwhichiseasilymeasured---thenumbersonthemoneychart---andignoringvaluesmorecentraltothegoodlife?Formysonsthereisofcoursetheruralbountyoffresh-grownvegetables,line-caughtfishandthesharedrichesofneighbours’orchardsandgardens.Thereistheunpaidbaby-sitterforwhosechildrenmydaughter-in-lawbaby-sitsinreturn,andneighbourswhobartertheirskillsandlabour.Butmorethanthat,howdoyoumeasureserenity?Senseifself?Idon’twanttoidealizelifeinsmallplaces.Therearetimeswhentheoutsideworldintrudesbrutally,aswhenthecostofgasolinegoesupordeveloperscasttheireyesonuntouchedfarmland.Therearecruelties,thereisintolerance,thereareallthemanyvicesandmeannessesinsmallplacesthatexistinlargecities.Furthermore,itishardertoignorethemwhentheycannotbebanishedpsychologicallytoanotherpartoftownorexcusedasthewhimsofaliengroups---whentheyhavetobeacknowledgedas“partofus.”NordoIwanttobelittletheopportunitiesforsmalldecenciesincities---theeruptionsofone-stranger-to-anothercaringthatalwayssurpriseanddelight.Buttheseare,sadly,moreexceptionsthanrulesandareoftenoverwhelmedbytheawfulcorruptionsanddangersthatsurroundus.参考译文：对我的几个儿子来说，乡村固然有充分的颖蔬菜，垂钓来的鱼，邻里菜园和果园里可供共享的丰富瓜果。乡下有不用付酬劳便可请来照看孩子的邻居，作为回报，我儿媳也帮着照看其孩子。乡邻之间相互交换技能和劳动。但比之更重要的是，你如何来衡量那静谧与安详？如何来衡量自我价值呢？我无意将小地方的生活抱负化。由于有时外面的世界会无情地侵入：比方汽油价格上涨，开发商把眼睛盯住尚未开发的农田；那里充满着凶残和偏狭，大城市的种种卑劣行径，小地方也一应俱全。不仅如此，当人们无法自欺欺人地硬把那些丑恶现象想象成只是小地方的一小局部或将它们解释为异乡人的为所欲为，而又不得不成认这一切是我们的一局部时，就更难以无视它们。1996年英语专业八级考试--翻译局部参考译文C-E原文：近读报纸，对国内名片和请柬的谈论颇多，于是想起客居巴黎时常常见到的法国人手中的名片和请柬，随笔登记来，似乎不无借鉴之处。在巴黎，名目繁多的酒会，冷餐会是广交朋友的好时机。在这种场合生疏人相识，假设是亚洲人，他们往往开口之前先毕恭毕敬地用双手把自己的名片呈递给对方，这似乎是不行缺少的礼节。然而，法国人一般却都不大主动递送名片，双方见面应酬几句，甚至海阔天空地聊一番也就各自走开，只有当双方谈话投机，期望连续交往时，才会主动掏知名片。二话不说先递名片反倒显得有些牵强。参考译文：InParis,cocktailpartiesandbuffetreceptionsofdifferentkindsoffergreatopportunitiesformakingfriends.Onsuchoccasions,strangersmaygettoknoweachother.IftheyareAsians,theywill,veryrespectfullyandwithbothhands,presenttheircallingcardstotheirinterlocutorsbeforeanyconversationstarts.Thisseemstobetherequiredcourtesyontheirpart.TheFrench,however, usuallyarenotsoreadywithsuchaformality.Bothsideswillgreeteachother,andevenchatcasuallyaboutanytopicandthenexcusethemselves.Onlywhentheyfindtheylikeeachotherandhopetofurthertherelationshipwilltheyexchangecards.Itwillseemveryunnaturaltodosobeforeanyrealconversationgetsunderway.96VersionC-EInParis,cocktailpartiesandbuffetreceptionsofvariouskindsoffergoodopportunitiesformakingfriends.Onsuchoccasionstwostrangersmaymeet.IftheyarefromAsia,theytendtopresentwithrespecttheirownnamecardstoeachotherbeforetheyspeak,whichseemstobeindispensablesocialprotocol/etiquette.However,theFrenchdon’tdoitthatway.Insteadofofferingtheirvisitingcards,theymaystoptoexchangegreetingsorevenchatcasuallyaboutanytopicbeforetheypartandgoaway(theymaysayhellotoeachother,chatforawhileandthewalkaway).Theyoffer/exchange theirnamecardsonlywhentheyfindthechattingveryagreeableandwouldliketohavefurthercontact.Itwouldbeembarrassing/unnaturalforthemtogivetheirnamecardsbeforetheyspeak/talktoeachother.E-C原文：Itshouldhavebeeneasy.Theywerebattle-testedveteranswithlongtiestoReaganandevenlongertiestotheRepublicanparty,menwhounderstoodpresidentialpoliticsaswellasanyinthecountry.Thebackdropofthecampaignwashospitable,withlotsofgoodnewstoworkwith:Americawasatpeace,andthenation’seconomy,akeyfactorinanyelection,wasreboundingvigorouslyafterrecession.Furthermore,thecampaignitselfwaslavishlyfinanced,withplentyofmoneyforatop-flightstaff,travel,andtelevisioncommercials.And,mostimportant,theircandidatewasRonaldReagan,apresidentoftremendouspersonalpopularityanddazzlingcommunicationskills.ReaganhassucceedmorethananypresidentsinceJohnF.KennedyinprojectingabroadvisionofAmerica–anationofrenewedmilitarystrength,individualinitiative,andsmallerfederalgovernment.参考译文：这应当不是件难事。这都是些跟着里根多年、久经沙场的老将，他们跟共和党则有更深厚的渊源，是这个国家里最生疏总统政治的人。竞选的背景也很有利，也很多好消息可供炒作。例如，美国上下一片和平，美国经济这一竞选要素也在经过一段时间的衰退之后开头强劲反弹。此外，这次竞选本身得到了大方资助，因此有充裕的资用于组织一流的竞选班子、支付巡回演讲和电视广告的费用。而最重要的一点是，他们的候选人是罗纳德·里根，他可是位极具个人魅力和沟通技巧的总统。自约翰·F·肯尼迪总统以来，里根是最成功地勾画出美国蓝图的总统：一个军事力气复兴、富有个人进取心、联邦政府得以精简的国家。1997年英语专业八级考试--翻译局部参考译文C-E原文：来美国求学的中国学生与其他亚裔学生一样，大多格外刻苦勤奋，周末也往往会抽出一天甚至两天的时间去试验室加班，因而比起美国学生来，成果出得较多。我的导师是亚裔人，嗜烟好酒，脾气急躁。但他格外赏识亚裔学生勤奋与扎实的根底学问，也特别了解亚裔学生的5位均是亚裔学生。他干脆在试验室的门上贴一醒目招牌：“7天，早10时至晚12时，工作时间必需全力以赴。”3年半中，共有145人。1990年夏天，我不顾别人劝阻，硬着头皮承受了导师的资助，从今开头了困难的求学旅程。参考译文：LikestudentsfromotherAsiancountriesandregions,mostChinesestudentswhocometopursuetheirfurthereducationintheUnitedStatesworkontheirstudiesmostdiligentlyandassiduously.Evenonweekends,theywouldfrequentlyspendoneday,oreventwodays,toworkovertimeintheirlaboratories.Therefore,comparedwiththeirAmericancounterparts,theyaremoreacademicallyfruitful.MysupervisorisofAsianorigin.Heisaddictedtoalcoholsandcigarettes,withasharp/irritabletemper.Nevertheless,hehighlyappreciatestheindustryandthesolidfoundationalknowledgeofAsianstudentsandhasaparticularlykeeninsightintowhatAsianstudentshaveontheirmind.Hence,ofallthestudentsrecruitedintohislaboratory,exceptforoneGerman,theotherfivewereallfromAsia.Heevenputaneye-catchingnoticeonthedoorofhislab,whichread,“Alltheresearchassistantsofthislaboratoryarerequiredtowork7daysaweek,from10:00a.m.to12:00p.m..Nothingbutworkduringtheworkinghours.”Thissupervisorisreputedontheentirecampusforhisseverityandharshness.Duringthe3andahalfyearsthatIstayedthere,atotalof14studentswererecruitedintohislaboratoryandonly5ofthemstayeduntiltheygraduatedwiththeirPh.D.degrees.Inthesummerof1990,ignoringthedissuasionsfromothers,Iacceptedmysupervisor’ssponsorshipandembarkedonmydifficultjourneyofacademicpursuit.VersionC-EMytutor/supervisorwasofAsiandescentwhodrankandsmokedalot(hadahabitofdrinkingandsmoking)andwasquitehot/short/quick-tempered.However,hehighlyappreciatedAsianstudentsfortheirdiligenceandsolidcommandoffundamentalknowledge(headmiredthediligenceofAsianstudentsandtheirfirmgroundinginscience),andheknewwellaboutwhattheythoughtandhowtheyfelt.Thatwaswhyofthe6studentsadmittedtohislabthatyear5wereofAsiandescentwithonlyonefromGermany.Onthedoorofhislabtherewasaneye-catchingnoticewhichread,”Labassistantsmustworkwithdevotionfrom10a.m.to12p.m.,7daysaweek.’Harshanddemanding,thetutorhadearnedacampus-widereputationforhisstrictnesswithstudents.Duringthe3andahalfyearswhenIstayedwithhim,atotalof14studentswereadmittedtohislabbutonly5succeededintakingtheirdoctoraldegrees/managedtocompletetheirPh.D.Studies.E-C原文：

Operaisexpensive:thatmuchisinevitable.Butexpensivethingsarenotinevitablytheprovinceoftherichunlessweabdicatesociety’spowerofchoice.Wecanchoosetomakeopera,andotherexpensiveformsofculture,accessibletothosewhocannotindividuallypayforit.Thequestionis:whyshouldwe?Nobodydeniestheimperativesoffood,shelter,defence,healthandeducation.Buteveninaprehistoriccave,mankindstretchedoutahandnotjusttoeat,drinkorfight,butalsotodraw.Theimpulsetowardsculture,thedesiretoexpressandexploretheworldthroughimaginationandrepresentationisfundamental.InEurope,thisdesirehasfoundfulfillmentinthemasterpiecesofourmusic,art,literatureandtheatre.Thesemasterpiecesarethetouchstonesforallourefforts;theyarethetouchstonesforthepossibilitiestowhichhumanthoughtandimaginationmayaspire;theycarrythemostprofoundmessagesthatcanbesentfromonehumantoanother.参考译文：倾听歌剧，无疑昂贵至极。但是，昂贵的事物并非必定属于富人的范畴，除非我们放弃社会的选择权。我们可以选择去使歌剧以及其他某些昂贵的文化形式也能为那些不具备个人支付力量的人所享受。但问题是，我们有必要这么做吗？没人会否认食物、居所、防护、安康与教育的不行或缺性。但即便是在史前时代的地窖中，人类伸出手来，早就不单纯是为了吃、喝或搏杀，而且亦进展绘画创作。人类对于文化的冲动，通过形象思维和再现手段来表现并探究世界的欲望，乃亘古有之。在欧洲，这一欲望在我们的音乐、艺术、文学和戏剧杰作中查找到了其实现形式。这些杰作构成了我们全部努力的试金石。作为试金石，它们能衡量出人类的思想和想象力所可能企及的程度。它们携带着最寓意深刻的主题，可在人类彼此间相互传递。1998年英语专业八级考试--翻译局部参考译文C-E原文：1997年2月24日我们代表团下榻日月潭中信大饭店，送走了最终一批客人，已是次日凌晨3点了。我躺在床上久久不能入睡，披衣走到窗前，往外看去，只见四周峰峦叠翠，湖面波光粼粼。望着台湾这仅有的风光如画的自然湖泊，我想了很多，很多……这次到台湾访问沟通，虽然行程匆忙，但是，看了不少地方，访了旧友，交了知，大21世纪的强盛。虽然祖国大陆、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中，有着各自不同的生活经受，但大家的内心都深深铭刻着中华文化优秀传统的印记，都拥有着振兴中华民族的共同抱负。在世纪之交的宏大时代，我们的祖国正在走向富强富强，海峡两岸人民也将加强沟通，共同推动祖国统一大业的早日完成。世纪之交的贵重机遇和巨大挑战将青年推到了历史前台。跨世纪青年一代应当用什么样的姿势迎接布满期望的世纪，这是我们必需答复的问题。日月潭水波不兴，仿佛与我一同在思考……参考译文：ThecurrentvisittoTaiwanforexchange,briefandcursoryasitis,hasenabledustoseemanyplaces,tovisitoldfriendswhilemakingnewacquaintances.Wheneverpeoplegathertogether,animportanttopicofdiscussionhasbeenhowtheChinesenationcanbecomeprosperousandpowerfulinthe21stcentury.AlthoughtheyoungpeopleontheMainlandandinTaiwanliveindifferentsocialcontexts(environments/milieus),withtheirindividuallydifferentexperiencesoflife,intheinnermostrecessesoftheirheartsarewroughtanindeliblemarkbythefinetraditionsoftheChineseculture.TheyallcherishthesameidealtorejuvenatetheChinesenation(TheysharethesameidealtorejuvenatetheChinesenation).Inthisgreatepochattheturnofthecentury,ourmotherlandisdevelopingtowardgreaterprosperityandpowerfulness.PeopleacrosstheTaiwanStraitsareboundtostrengthentheirexchangesandwillmutuallypromotetheearliestpossibleachievementofthegreatcauseofreunificationofthemotherland.Thepreciousopportunitiesandthetremendouschallengesattheturnofthecenturyhavepushedtheyoungpeopletotheforeground(forefront)ofthehistoricalarena(stage).Atthistransitionalphasebetweenthetwomillennia,inwhatwaytheyounggenerationshouldembracetheforthcomingnewcenturyrepletewithhopesisaquestiontowhichwehavetoseekananswer.VersionC-EThevisittoTaiwanwasbusybutfruitful.Wewenttomanyplacesandmademanynewfriendsaswellasmeetingwitholdones.Whenweweretogether,thetopicforcommonconcernwasabouthowtobuildastrongerandmoreprosperousChinainthecoming21stcentury.Althoughwe(youngpeoplefromthemainlandandthosefromTaiwanlivein)arefromdifferentsocialenvironmentwithdifferentlifeexperiences,weallhavethefinetraditionoftheChineseculturedeeplyengraveduponourheartandweallsharethecommondreamofrevitalizingourChinesenation.Inthisgreattrans-centurytimeswhenourmotherlandismarchingtowardsprosperity,thereshouldbemorefrequentcontactsbetweenpeoplefromthetwosidesoftheTaiwanStraitssothatthey/wecanworktogetherforanearlierreunificationofthemotherland.Opportunitiesaswellaschallengesprovidedbytheturnofthecenturyhavepushedustothestageofthehistory.Whatshouldweyouth,across-centurygeneration,dotowelcome/embracethenewcenturyofhope?Thisisaquestionwe(allhavetoanswer)cannotshun.E-C原文：IagreetosomeextentwithmyimaginaryEnglishreader.Americanliteraryhistoriansareperhapspronetoviewtheirownnationalscenetoonarrowly,mistakingprominenceforuniqueness.Theydoover-phrasetheirownliterature,orcertainlyitsminorfigures.AndAmericansdoswingfromaggressiveoverphraseoftheirliteraturetoanequallyunfortunate,imitativedeference.Butthen,theEnglishthemselvesaresomewhatinsularintheirliteraryappraisals.Moreover,infieldswheretheyarenotpre-eminent—e.g.inpaintingandmusic—theytooalternatebetweenboastingofnativeproductsandcopyingthoseoftheContinent.HowmanyEnglishpaintingstrytolookasthoughtheyweredoneinParis;howmanytimeshavewereadinarticlesthattheyreallyrepresentan“Englishtradition”afterall.TospeakofAmericanliterature,then,isnottoassertthatitiscompletelyunlikethatofEurope.Broadlyspeaking,AmericaandEuropehavekeptstep.Atanygivenmomentthetravelercouldfindexamplesinbothofthesamearchitecture,thesamestylesindress,thesamebooksontheshelves.IdeashavecrossedtheAtlanticasfreelyasmenandmerchandise,thoughsometimesmoreslowly.WhenIrefertoAmericanhabit,thoughts,etc.,Iintendsomesortofqualificationtoprecedetheword,forfrequentlythedifferencebetweenAmericaandEurope(especiallyEngland)willbeoneofdegree,sometimesonlyofasmalldegree.Theamountofdivergenceisasubtleaffair,liabletoperplextheEnglishmanwhenhelooksatAmerica.Heislookingatacountrywhichinimportantsensesgrewoutofhisown,whichinseveralwaysstillresembleshisown—andwhichisyetaforeigncountry.Thereareoddoverlappingsandabruptunfamiliarities;kinshipyieldstoasuddenalienation,aswhenwehailapersonacrossthestreet,onlytodiscoverfromhisblankresponsethatwehavemistakenastrangerforafriend.参考译文：那么，要谈论美国文学，倒并非意欲断言，它与欧洲文学全然大相径庭。广而言之，美国与欧洲始终同步进展，协调全都。在任何一个特定的时刻，旅行者在两地均能目睹同一样式的建筑实例，一样款式的服饰，书架上一样的书籍。在大西洋两岸，思想如同人员与货物往来“美国式的”这一词汇之前加上某种限定，由于欧美〔尤其是英美〕之间的差异往往只是程度上的差异而已，并且有时候仅仅只是微乎其微的一点程度差异而已。差异的多寡是件极为微妙的事务，这极简洁使一个英国人在打量美国时大惑不解。他所打量的那个国家，从某些重要的意义上来说，诞生于他自己的国家，并在某些方面仍与他自己的国家相差无几——然而，它却实实在在是一个异邦。两者间存在着某些奇异的交替重迭，以及令人甚感突兀的生疏感；亲缘关系已让位于一种突如其来的异化与疏远，这种情景仿佛就像我们隔着大路向另一个人打招呼，结果却从这个人漠无表情的反响中觉察，我们原来竟将一个生疏人误认为我们的熟人。C-E原文：

1999年英语专业八级考试--翻译局部参考译文加拿大的温哥华1986年刚刚度过百岁生日，但城市的进展令世界瞩目。以港立市，以港兴市，是很多港口城市生存进展的道路。经过百年开发建设，有着自然不冻良港的温哥华，成为举世著名的港口城市，同亚洲、大洋洲、欧洲、拉丁美洲均有定期班轮，年货物吞吐量到达8，000万吨，全市就业人口中有三分之一从事贸易与运输行业。温哥华〔Vancouver〕的辉煌是温哥华人才智和勤奋的结晶，其中包括多民族的奉献。3000万。吸取外来移民，是加拿大长期奉行的国策。可以说，加拿大除了印第安人外，无一不是外来移民，不同的只是时间长短180万温哥华居民中，有一半不是在本地诞生的，每425万华人对温哥华的经济转型起着决5年才来到温哥华地区的，使温哥华成为亚洲以外最大的中国人聚居地。参考译文：ThegloryofVancouverhasbeenachievedthroughthewisdomandtheindustryoftheVancouverpeople,includingthecontributionsofmanyethnicgroups.Canada,sparselypopulated,hasaterritorylarger thanthatofChina,butitspopulationisonlylessthan30million.Consequently,toattractingimmigrantsfromothercountrieshasbecomeanationalpolicylongpracticed/followed/cherishedbyCanada.AllCanadiansexcepttheAmericanIndians,sotospeak,areforeignimmigrants,differingonlyinthelengthoftimetheyhavesettledinCanada.Vancouver,inparticular,isoneofthefewmostcelebratedmulti-ethniccitiesintheworld.Amongthe1.8millionVancouverresidents,halfofthemarenon-nativesandoneoutofeveryfourresidentsisfromAsia.The250,000ChinesetherehaveplayedadecisiveroleinthetransformationofVancouver”seconomy.HalfofthemhavecometosettleinVancouver overthepastfiveyearsonly,renderingVancouverthelargestareaoutsideAsiawheretheChineseinhabit.E-C原文：Insomesocietiespeoplewantchildrenforwhatmightbecalledfamilialreasons:toextendthefamilylineorthefamilyname,topropitiatetheancestors;toenabletheproperfunctioningofreligiousritualsinvolvingthefamily.Suchreasonsmayseemthininthemodern,secularizedsocietybuttheyhavebeenandarepowerfulindeedinotherplaces.Inaddition,oneclassoffamilyreasonssharesaborderwiththefollowingcategory,namely,havingchildreninordertomaintainorimproveamarriage:toholdthehusbandoroccupythewife;torepairorrejuvenatethemarriage;toincreasethenumberofchildrenontheassumptionthatfamilyhappinessliesthatway.Thepointisunderlinedbyitsconverse:insomesocietiesthefailuretobearchildren(ormales)isathreattothemarriageandareadycausefordivorce.Beyondallthatistheprofoundsignificanceofchildrentotheveryinstitutionofthefamilyitself.Tomanypeople,husbandandwifealonedonotseemaproperfamily—theyneedchildrentoenrichthecircle,tovalidateitsfamilycharacter,togathertheredemptiveinfluenceofoffspring.Childrenneedthefamily,butthefamilyseemsalsotoneedchildren,asthesocialinstitutionuniquelyavailable,atleastinprinciple,forsecurity,comfort,assurance,anddirectioninachanging,oftenhostile,world.Tomostpeople,suchahomebase,intheliteralsense,needsmorethanonepersonforsustenanceandingenerationalextension.参考译文：在某些社会中，人们期望拥有孩子是出于所谓的家庭缘由：传宗接代，光宗耀祖，讨好祖辈，使那些涉及到家庭的宗教仪式得以正常进展。此类缘由在现代世俗化的社会中似显苍白，但它们在其他地方曾一度构成并确实仍在构成强有力的理由。此外，有一类家庭缘由与以下类别不无共通之处，这便是：生儿育女是为了维系或改善婚姻：能拴住丈夫或者使妻子不致于无所事事；修复或重振婚姻；多子多孙，以为家庭幸福惟有此法。这一点更可以由其反面得到昭示：在某些社会中，无法生儿育女〔或无法生育男孩〕对婚姻而言是一种威逼，还可作为离婚的现成借口。后代对于家庭这一体制本身所具有的深远意义远非如此。对很多人来说，夫妻两人尚缺乏以构成一个真正意义上的家庭——夫妻需要孩子来丰富其两人小天地，赐予该小天地以真正意义上的家庭性质，并从子孙后代身上猎取某种回报。孩子需要家庭，但家庭似乎也需要孩子。家庭作为一种社会机构，以其特有的方式，至少从原则上说，可在一个变幻莫测、常常是布满敌意的世界中让人从中猎取某种安全、抚慰、保障，以及价值取向。C-E原文：

2023年英语专业八级考试--翻译局部参考译文中国科技馆的诞生来之不易。与国际著名科技馆和其他博物馆相比，它先天有些缺乏，后天也常缺乏养分，但是它成长的步伐却是坚实而有力的。它在国际上已被公认为后起之秀 世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史。其次代属于工业技术博物馆，它所展现的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性结果 这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科学学问的作用，但是，它们把参观者当成了被动的旁观者 世界上第三代博物馆是布满全理念的博物馆。在这里，观众可以自己去动手操作，自己细心体察。这样，他们可以更贴近先进的科学技术，去探究科学技术的微妙。中国科技馆正是这样的博物馆!它吸取了国际上一些著名博物馆的特长，设计制作了力学、光学、电学、热学、声学、生物学等展品，展现了科学的原理和先进的科技成果。参考译文〔1〕Thefirstgenerationofmuseumsarewhatmightbecallednaturalmuseumswhich,bymeansoffossils,specimensandotherobjects,introducedtopeopletheevolutionaryhistoryoftheEarthandvariouskindsoforganisms.Thesecondgenerationarethoseofindustrialtechnologieswhichpresentedthefruitsachievedbyindustrialcivilizationatdifferentstagesofindustrialization.Despitethefactthatthosetwogenerationsofmuseumshelpedtodisseminate/propagate/spreadscientificknowledge,theyneverthelesstreatedvisitorsmerelyaspassiveviewers.Thethirdgenerationofmuseumsintheworldarethoserepletewith/fullofwhollynovelconcepts/notions/ideas.Inthosemuseums,visitorsareallowedtooperatetheexhibitswiththeirownhands,toobserveandtoexperiencecarefully.Bygettingclosertotheadvancedscienceandtechnologiesinthisway,peoplecanprobeintotheirsecretmysteries.TheChinaMuseumofScienceandTechnologyispreciselyoneofsuchmuseums.Ithasincorporatedsomeofthemostfascinatingfeaturesofthosemuseumswithinternationalreputation.Havingdesignedandcreatedexhibitsinmechanics,optics,electricalscience,thermology,acoustics,andbiology,thoseexhibitsdemonstratescientificprinciplesandpresentthemostadvancedscientificandtechnologicalachievements.参考译文〔2〕Thefirst-generationmuseumsintheworldaremuseumsofnaturalhistory.Withfossilsandspecimenstheyintroducetopeopletheevolutionoftheearthandvariouslivingorganismsonit.Thesecond-generationmuseumsarethoseofindustrialtechnology.Fruitsofvariousstagesofindustrialcivilizationareondisplayhere.Althoughthesetwogenerationsofmuslinshaveplayedtheroleofspreadingscientificknowledge,theyregardvisitorsaspassivespectators.Theworld’sthird-generationmuseumsarefullofcompletelynewconcepts.Herevisitorscancarryoutoperationsandcarefulobservationsthemselves.Inthiswaytheycomeclosertoadvancedachievementsinscienceandtechnologysoastoprobeintotheirmystery.E-C原文

Ifpeoplemeananythingatallbytheexpression“untimelydeath”,theymustbelievethatsomedeathsnmonabetterschedulethanothers.Deathinoldageisrarelycalleduntimely—alonglifeisthoughttobeafullone.Butwiththepassingofayoungperson,oneassumesthatthebestyearslayaheadandthemeasureofthatlifewasstilltobetaken. Historydeniesthis,ofcourse.Amongprominentsummerdeaths,onerecallsthoseofMariLarryMonroeandJamesDeans,whoselivesseemedequallybriefandcomplete.WriterscannotbearthefactthatpoetJohnKeatsdiedat26,andonlyhalfplayfullyjudgetheirownlivesasfailureswhentheypassthatyear.Theideathatthelifecutshortisunfulfilledisillogicalbecauselivesaremeasuredbytheimpressionstheyleaveontheworldandbytheirintensityandvirtue.参考译文〔1〕假设人们藉“英年早逝“这一字眼真的意欲表达什么含义的话，他们必定信任某些人的辞世可以算是寿终正寝，而另一些人则“死不逢时“ 。死于年迈很少被冠以“死不逢时“之名，由于能度过漫长的一生被认为是甚为圆满的。反之，假设所遇到的是一位年轻人之死，人们会以为这位年轻人风华正茂，前途无可限量，生命的倒计时尚未真正开头。固然，历史否认这一切。在诸多较为著名的“英年早逝“的情形中，我们会忆起玛丽莲.梦露与詹姆斯.迪恩斯之死，其生命的短暂丝毫无损于其生命的完整性。对于约翰.济慈年方26便溘然长逝这一事实，文人墨客们皆痛不欲生，但他们中仅有半数人诙谐地认为，设假设他们也死于这一年龄，其一生可视为失败。视英年早逝为不圆满，这一观念有悖于规律，由于衡量生命的尺度乃是留给世界的印记，是生命的力度及其美德。参考译文〔2〕提起英年“早逝”，人们或有所指。人们定会信任有些人死亡的时刻更为适宜。寿终正寝极少称为“早逝”。长寿即意味着生命之完整。但英年早逝常令人感到逝者奇特时间尚未到来，一生之评说尚未做出。然而，历史却否认这点,提起出色的早逝者，人们定会亿起玛丽莲·\u26790X露和詹姆士·\u36842X恩。两人生命短暂，却完善无缺。诗人约翰·\u27982X慈26岁与世长辞，作家们对此难以承受。而他们自己过了26岁时却只能半开玩笑地认为今生今世无所作为。生命短暂即未成果这—观念荒唐无理。生命的价值取决于它留给世界的印象、它的奉献及它的美德。2023年英语专业八级考试--翻译局部参考译文C-E原文乔羽的歌大家都生疏。但他另外两大爱好却鲜为人知，那就是钓鱼和喝酒。晚年的乔羽宠爱垂钓，他说，“有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情。我认为最好的钓鱼场所不是舒适的、给你预备好饿鱼的垂钓园，而是那极其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的场所。”钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心安康。乔羽说：“钓鱼可分三个阶段：第一阶段是吃鱼；其次阶段是吃鱼和情趣兼而有之；第三阶段主要是钓趣，面对一池碧水，将忧心苦恼全都抛在一边，使自己的身心得到充分休息。”参考译文：Inhislateryears(Lateinhislife),QiaoYuhasbecomeenamoredoffishing(developedapenchant/specialfondnessforfishing).Heasserts:“Mostlyspeaking,aplacewithwaterandfishmustnecessarilybeblessedwithanicesetting,whichinreturnkeepspeopleingoodmood.Ibelievethattheoptimumfishingplacesarenotthosecommercialfishingcenterswhichprovidethefishermenwithalltheconveniencesandwherefisharekepthungryforreadycapture,butthosenaturally-formedplacesinthewildernesswhichexertaspecialappeal.”Accordingtohim,fishingcanconstituteanactivityconducivetothecultivationofone’stemperamentandtoone’shealth,atoncephysicalandpsychological.QiaoYuclaims:“Fishingcanbedividedintothreestages.Thefirststageconsistsofmerefish-eating;thesecondacombinationoffish-eatingandthepleasure(enjoyment)offishing;thethirdprimarilythepleasureoffishingwhen,confrontedwithapondofclearwater,oneputsasideallhistroublingvexationsandannoyancesandenjoysthetotalrelaxationbothmentallyandphysically.”原文：PossessionforitsownsakeorincompetitionwiththerestoftheneighborhoodwouldhavebeenThoreau’sideaofthelowlevels.Theactivedisciplineofheighteningone’sperceptionofwhatisenduringinnaturewouldhavebeenhisideaofthehigh.Whathesavedfromthelowwastimeandefforthecouldspendonthehigh.Thoreaucertainlydisapprovedofstarvation,buthewouldputintofeedinghimselfonlyasmucheffortaswouldkeephimfunctioningformoreimportantefforts.Effortisthegistofit.Thereisnohappinessexceptaswetakeonlife-engagingdifficulties.Shortoftheimpossible,asYeatsputit,thesatisfactionwegetfromalifetimedependsonhowhighwechooseourdifficulties.RobertFrostwasthinkinginsomethinglikethesametermswhenhespokeof“Thepleasureoftakingpains”.Themortalflawintheadvertisedversionofhappinessisinthefactthatitpurportstobeeffortless.Wedemanddifficultyeveninourgames.Wedemanditbecausewithoutdifficultytherecanbenogame.Agameisawayofmakingsomethinghardforthefunofit.Therulesofthegameareanarbitraryimpositionofdifficulty.Whensomeoneruinsthefun,healwaysdoessobyrefusingtoplaybytherules.Itiseasiertowinatchessifyouarefree,atyourpleasure,tochangethewhollyarbitraryrules,butthefunisinwinningwithintherules.Nodifficulty,nofun.参考译文：梭罗所理解的“低层次”，即为了拥有而去拥有，或与全部的邻居明争暗斗而致拥有。他心目中的“高层次”，则是这样一种乐观的人生戒律，即要使自己对自然界永恒之物的感悟臻于完善。对于他从低层次上节约下来的时间和精力，他可将其致力于对高层次的追求。勿庸置疑，梭罗不赞成忍饥挨饿，但他在膳食方面所投入的精力仅果腹而已，只要可确保他能去从事更为重要的事务，他便别无所求。殚精竭虑，全力以赴，便是其精华所在。除非我们情愿直面那些需要我们全身心投入的困难困苦，否则便不会有幸福可言。正如叶芝所言，除却某些不行能的情形，我们于人生中·弗罗斯特言及“以苦为乐”时，他内心所思，大体如此。商业广告中所宣扬的那种幸福观，其致命的缺陷就在于这样一个事实，即它宣称，一切幸福皆唾手可得，不费吹灰之力。即便于玩耍之中，我们也需要有困难困苦。我们之所以需要它，由于设假设没有困难，便断无玩耍可言。玩耍即是这样一种方式，为了享受其中的情趣而人为地使事情变得不那么轻而易举。玩耍中的种种规章，便是将困难武断地强加于人。当有人将情趣摧毁殆尽时，他总是由于拒不按玩耍规章行事而使然。这如同下棋；假设你随心所欲、心血来潮地去更改那些全然武断的玩耍规章，这样去赢棋固然会更加简洁。但下棋的情趣则在于，应在规章的限定范围内赢取成功。一言以蔽之，没有困难，断无情趣。2023年英语专业八级考试--翻译局部参考译文TranslatethefollowingunderlinedpartoftextintoChinese:Theword“winner”and“loser”havemanymeanings.Whenwerefertoapersonasawinner,wedonotmeanonewhomakessomeoneelselose.Tous,awinnerisonewhorespondsauthenticallybybeingcredible,trustworthy,responsive,andgenuine,bothasanindividualandasamemberofasociety.Winnersdonotdedicatetheirlivestoaconceptofwhattheyimaginetheyshouldbe:rather,theyarethemselvesandassuchdonotusetheirenergyputtingonaperformance,maintainingpretence,andmanipulatingothers.Theyareawarethatthereisadifferencebetweenbeinglovingandactingloving,betweenbeingstupidandactingstupid,betweenbeingknowledgeableandactingknowledgeable.Winnersdonotneedtohidebehindamask.Winnersarenotafraidtodotheirownthinkingandtousetheirownknowledge.Theycanseparatefactsfromopinionsanddon’tpretendtohavealltheanswers.Theylistentoothers,evaluatewhattheysay,butcometotheirownconclusions.Althoughwinnerscanadoreandrespectotherpeople,theyarenottotallydefined,demolished,bound,orawedbythem.Winnersdonotplay“helpless”,nordothe