第二篇第6章状语从句课件

SINGLES’

DAY1Singles’

Day

falls

on

every

November

11th,and

as

the

name

indicates,

this

relatively

new

holiday

is

one

exclusively

for

peoplewho

are

still

living

the

single

life.

China

is

theonly

country

in

the

world

that

has

set

aside

aspecial

day

for

singles

to

celebrate

their

lives.23pass4Join

a

partyShopping5Surf the

internet:We

get

online

to

find

the

one

on

this

special

day

,then

go

for

blind

dates…….67Leftover

ladies

ormenspinster老姑娘89四级翻译的标准10译文应该完整地再现原文内容译文应像原文一样流畅自然。译文的风格、笔调应与原文性质相同。翻译三部曲111.通读并透彻理解原文汉语句子，确定语法

成分和句型。汉语段落可以包含一个或一个以上的主题；而英语段落一般只有一个主题，如往往有

一个明显的主题句（主题句多置于句首），其他句子则层层展开，以支持主题句。122.付诸笔墨，保证拼写无误。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。译文1：People

often

make

their

homebeautifl

with

paper

cuttings.译文2：People

often

beautify

theirhome

with

paper

cuttings.133.重新审视，确认句法合理。重点检查时态、语态、单复数、拼写、大小写、标点符号、冠词和代词的使用以及

主谓一致等问题。14翻译技巧15恰当选词

（避免过于笼统，选表达更确切

的词）中英文句式之间的对应和转换。语态之间的转换e.g.

通常中文中的主语过于宽泛的时候，如“

人们”、“别人”、“这”等，可以转化成英文的被动语态，省略原来的主语原文：现在人们必须采取措施来保护环境。

译文：Measures

should

be

adopted/taken

toprotect

the

environment.16词性的转换1）名词转换成动词例如：改革开放政策受到了全国人民的

拥护。译文：The

reform

and

opening-uppolicy

is

supported

by

the

wholeChinese

people.2)动词转化成名词例如：他善于观察译文：

He

is

a

goodobserver.173)名词转换成形容词例如：

在这紧张的时刻，他感到非常害怕。

译文：The

intensity

of

the

moment

filled

hismind

with

fear.18浙江菜Zhejiang

cuisine口味清淡，精致玲

珑，是长江下游the

lower

Yangtze

River区域菜肴的代表。西湖醋鱼WestLakeVinegar

Fish是其中的一道名菜。这道菜非常酥嫩，带着自然的清香delicaterefreshing

flavors

of

nature。中国乃至世界各地的中餐馆大都能找得到这道菜，但口味往往不及在浙江杭州吃得那般正宗

authentic。因为只有杭州拥有来自西湖的鱼和水。19浙江菜Zhejiang

cuisine口味清淡，精致玲

珑，是长江下游the

lower

Yangtze

River区域菜肴的代表。Be

typical

of

sth. 是…的典型代表Zhejiang

cuisine

is

light

and

exquisite,

andis

typical

of

food

from

the

lower

reachesof/along

the

lower

Yangtze

River.20西湖醋鱼West

Lake

Vinegar

Fish是其中的

一道名菜。这道菜非常酥嫩，带着自然的清香delicate

refreshing

flavors

of

nature。哪种译法好？West

Lake

Vinegar

Fish

is

one

of

the

mostfamous

dishes,

which

has

the

delicaterefreshing

flavors

of

nature.One

famous

dish

is

West

Lake

VinegarFish,

which

has

the

delicate

refreshingflavors

of

nature.21中国乃至世界各地的中餐馆大都能找得到这道菜，但口味往往不及在浙江杭州吃得那般正宗

authentic。因为只有杭州拥有来自西湖的鱼和水。Many

Chinese

restaurants

in

China,

as

well

as

otherparts

of

the

world,

serve

this

dish,

but

often

theflavor

is

less

authentic

compared

to

that

foundinHangzhou, capital

of

Zhejiang

Province,

whichhas

unique

access

to

the

fish

and

water

of

WestLake.have

access

to

sth./sb.

接近/接触…特别注意两个语法点，这两个语法点不仅翻译，

而且选词填空中也会非常看重——一个是从句，一个是非谓语动词。大家如果弄透了以后，在翻译句子的时候绝对可以做得特别漂亮，这就是说，要把它当成是语法题。22This

carpetkilled

the

sound

of

footsteps.地毯消除了脚步声。人走在地毯上，一点儿脚步声也没有。…kills…能消除毛毯？He

led

a

rough

life

away

fromcivilization.他过着远离文明的艰苦生活。坚苦？

We

must

learn

with

an

analytical

and

criticaleye,not

blindly.我们必须有分析、有批判地学，不能盲目地学。23教师应当献身于教育事业。A

teacher/Teachers

should

devote

himself/themselvesto

(thecause

/careerof)education.The

teacher?省略反身代词行不行？be

devoted

to必须勤学苦练才能掌握一种外语。One

must

have

studied

hard

before

one

could

succeedin

mastering

a

foreign

language.Only

by

studying

hard

could

one

succeed

in

masteringa

foreign

language.用这种方法办，听起来有道理。It

sounds

reasonable

to

do

it

this

way.24第二篇第6章25状语从句的翻译

P.91状语从句的分类26Please

turn

off

the

light

when

you

leave

theroom.Make

a

mark

where

you

have

any

doubts

orquestions.Her

hands

were

rough

because

she

did

washingall

day

long.(She

did

washing

all

day

longso…)We

will

go

out

if

the

rainstops.I

still

think

that

you

made

a

mistake

while

Iadmit

what

yousay.You

should

start

off

early

so

that

you

may

seethe

sunrise

in

time.时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句让步状语从句目的状语从句状语从句的译法27英语的状语从句译成汉语一般还是状语从

句，但有些状语从句的真正含义与其表面形式并不一致，不能单从连接副词的词义来套译，要根据原句的逻辑关系、实际含义和具体情况来判断翻译。一、表示时间的状语从句281.英语中含有时间状语从句的复合句，如果

从句在主句前，英译汉时往往采取“句序照译”的方法，即将译文中表示时间的的状语置于句首，与原文一致。一、表示时间的状语从句例1.

As

I

was

looking

for

my

bag,

the

inn-keeper

camein.我正在找皮包时，店主走了进来。例2.

When

the

wall

fell

down,

all

thepeopleran

away

in

apanic.墙倒下来的时候，所有的人都惊恐地跑开了。29一、表 示时间的状语从句Hardly

had

we

arrived

when

it

began

to

rain.我们一到就下雨了。

Scarcely…when…Nosooner…than…Not

until

he

got

home

did

he

realize

that

hehad

lost

his

keys.直到到了家他才发现钥匙丢了。30一、表示时间的状语从句312.

有些含有时间状语从句的句子，要根据句子的意思和逻辑关系，对原来的结构要做调整，有时翻译成并列分句或原因、条件、让步等的分句。She

was

just

falling

asleep

when

thetelephone

bell

rang.当电话铃响的时候，她就要睡着了。她就要睡着时，电话铃响了。她就要睡着时，突然电话铃响了。在翻译“when”引导的时间状语从句时，切忌不假思索以“当…..时候”的句式套用。When

---通常主句是进行时或be

about

to时，

在翻译的时候，when

可以译成“没想到或突然”。例1.

The

monkey

was

feeling

a

bit

scaredwhen

suddenly

the

crocodile

dived

underthe

water.猴子正感到有点害怕，鳄鱼向水下潜

。去时突然32P.

9233例1.

When

you

have

finished

yourhomework,

you

can

go

and

play

ball-games.(条件)

做完了家庭作业，你就可以出去打球了。

例3.

He

usually

walks

when

he

mightride.(让步)虽然有车可坐，但他通常总是步行。Before可以引导时间状语从句，中国人习惯按照事物发展的先后顺序进行表达，所以需对原文语序作一调整。34※before①在……前35It

will

be

half

a

year

before

I

come

back.②itwill

be+一段时间before......多久之后才...It

won

’

t

be

half

a

year

before

we

meetagain.③itwon’t

be+一段时间before......不久就....We

sailed

four

days

and

nights

beforewesaw

the

land.We

hadn’t

run

a

mile

before

he

felt

tired.④肯定句

“

才”

否定句

“就”二、表示条件的状语从句36ifunlessproviding

thatso

long

ason

condition

thatsuppose

thatin

caseonly

ifif

only如果除非，如果不假如只要条件是假如如果只要但愿，要是...就好了二、表示条件的状语从句37英语中含有条件从句的主从复合句，可采用“

句序照译”法。例1.

As

long

as

we

don't

lose

heart,we'llfind

a

way

to

overcome

the

difficulty.

只要我们不灰心，就能找到克服困难的办法。(条件)例6.

If

you

want

somethingdone

in

ahurry,

don't

go

to

the

man

who

has

clearlynotmuch

to

do.

要是你有急事要办，不要去找那种显然没有多少事可做的人。(假设)二、表示条件的状语从句382.

条件从句也可翻译成汉语的让步状语If

he

actually

did

commit

the

crime,he

wouldn’t

be

punished.(让步)他即便真的犯了罪，也不会受到惩罚的。三、表示让步的状语从句39though/althougheven

ifasnomatterfor

all

thatgranted

thatin

spite

of

the

fact

thatdespite

the

factthat虽然即使尽管Whatever/wherever/who

无论什么/无论哪里/无论谁ever/however

/无论怎样不论，不管尽管即使尽管不管三、表示让步的状语从句401.译成表示“让步”的分句例1.

Though

he

was

defeated

in

theelection,

he

became

famous

for

his

fieryspeeches

against

slavery.虽然他竞选失败了，却以其反对奴隶制度的激烈演说而出了名。三、表示让步的状语从句412.

as倒装句作为让步状语从句as引出的让步状语从句多用于书面语，比用though

语气强，更有表现力，as让步状语从句常放在句首，语序部分倒装。Cold

as

it

is,

(=

Though

it

is

cold,)

the

children

playoutdoors.

(adj.)尽管天气冷，但孩子们仍在户外玩。

Try

as

he

may,

he

never

succeeds.

(v.)尽管他很努力，他也绝对不会成功的。Child

as

he

is

,

he

knows

a

lot.(n.不加冠词)尽管他是一个孩子，但他懂得很多。三、表示让步的状语从句423.

由whatever,

however,

no

matter

how等引导的让步状语从句，在翻译成中文时，一

般保留原来的句序。However

cold

it

is,

she

alwaysgoesswimming.不管天气多冷，她总去游泳。三、表示让步的状语从句434.

特殊让步状语从句

It

is

a

+adj.

+

n

+that…英语中有些含有定语从句的复合句实际意

思相当于一个含有让步状语从句的复合句。在将这种句子翻译成汉语时，如果从句是肯定的，翻译时应译成否定句。如果从句是否定句，翻译时应译成肯定句。三、表示让步的状语从句44It

is

a

wise

father

that

knows

his

own

son.再聪明的父亲也不见得会了解自己的儿子。It

is

a

wise

man

that

never

makes

mistakes.再聪明的人也会犯错误。四、表示地点的状语从句地点状语从句由

where,

wherever

等引导1.地点状语可译成定语Make

a

mark

where

you

have

any

doubts

orquestions.在有疑问的地方做个记号。Where

there

is

smoke

there

must

be

fire.有烟的地方一定有火。45四、表示地点的状语从句462.

译成

“哪里…,哪里就…”Where

there

is

will,

there

is

a

way.哪里有意志，哪里就有路。有志者，事竟成。五、表示原因的状语从句47英语中的原因状语从句位置比较灵活，可在结果之前，也可在结果之后。而汉语一般是原因在前，结果在后。由于受西方语言的影响，汉语中也有将原因状语后置的现象，翻译时候应遵循汉语的表达习惯。五、表示原因的状语从句481.

英语中含有原因状语从句的主从复合句，如果表示原因的从句位于主语之后，汉译时通常采用“句序照译”。原因状语从句：becausesinceAsnow

thatseeing

thatconsidering

thatin

that因为既然，由于因为既然既然考虑到，因为在某方面10.

in

view

of

the

fact

tha鉴t于The

evidence

is

invalid

in

that

it

was

obtained49through

illegal

means.注意invalid这个词不同的发音有不同的意思[in'vælid]

无效的['invəlid]

病弱的人in

that

=because这个证据无效，因为它是通过不合法的手段取得的。五、表示原因的状语从句502.翻译成因果偏正复句中的主句Because

he

was

convinced

of

the

accuracyof

this

fact,

he

stuck

to

his

opinion.他深信这件事正确可靠，因此坚持己见。五、表示原因的状语从句513.

翻译成不用关联词而因果关系内含的并列分句。例1.

As

he

had

lots

of

time,h