不定式做宾语补足语及练习

-.z.不定式作宾语补足语的类型动词不定式既有动词的性质，又有名词的性质。它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语。动词不定式在句子中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语、同位语等：动词不定式在句子中可以用作宾语补足语，常用的“动词+宾语+不定式〞的句子构造中。不定式作宾语补足语的有以下八种类型：(以下句子中划线局部作宾语补足语)一、许多动词可跟一个宾语+todo…构成句子，句中的不定式作宾语补足语；否认形式为“动词+宾语+nottodo…〞。例如：dosb/sthtodosthMybosstoldmetotypeouttwoletters.分析：句中“Myboss〞做主语，“told〞作谓语，“me〞作宾语，划线局部作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。Theyforbadehertoleavethecountry.Pleaseremindmenottobelateforthemeeting.高中围，适用于“动词+宾语+(not)todo…〞的构造，不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，direct，encourage，e*pect，forbid，force，invite，order，permit，persuade，remind，request，require，teach，tell，want，warn等。二、有些动词可跟“宾语+tobe…〞构成句子，句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如：Iconsiderhimtobethebestcandidate.分析：句中“I〞做主语，“consider〞作谓语，“him〞作宾语，划线局部作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。Iknowhimtobealiar.Isupposehimtobeawayfromhome.高中围，适用于“动词+宾语+tobe…〞的构造，不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：consider，declare，discover，feel，find，suppose等。三、有些动词(感官动词和使动词)后可跟不带to的不定式构成句子，句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如：Hesawherentertheroom.分析：句中“He〞做主语，“saw〞作谓语，“her〞作宾语，划线局部作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。Shewon'tletmedoit.Iheardherlockthedoor.Wewatchedthechildrenplaygames.高中围，适用于“动词+宾语+do…〞的构造，不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：feel，have，hear，let，make，notice，observe，see，watch等。还有两个词组：listento，lookat.注意:这类句子变为被动构造时，不定式前加to。请看以下句子，句中划线局部作宾语补足语。例如：Achildwasseentoenterthebuilding.Shewasoftenhe3②在使役动词后作宾语补足语，不定式不带to。有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to，这些动词有：一感二听三让四观看。一感：feel二听：hear,listento三让：let,have,make四观看：observe,see,watch,lookat这类动词有：make,let,have等。转为被动语态时，其后通常都用带to的不定式(have没有被动语态)。Whatwouldyouhavemedo"你要我做什么.Shemadehimgiveupsmoking.她让他戒了烟。Lethimdowhateverhewishestodo.他想干什么就让他干吧。ardtosingthissong.四、help后的不定式可加to，也可不加to(美国人不加to时较多)，但被动构造中要加to。例如：I'llhelpyou(to)pushthecart.分析：句中“I〞做主语，“willhelp〞作谓语，“you〞作宾语，划线局部作宾语补足语。上句的被动语态为：You'llbehelpedtopushthecart.五、有些“动词+介词〞的构造后也可跟不定式构成句子，句中的不定式作宾语补足语。例如：Heshoutedtometoeover.分析：句中“He〞做主语，“shouted〞作谓语，“to〞为介词，“me〞作宾语，划线局部作宾语补足语。请看以下句子，句子的构造为“动词+介词+宾语+todo…〞，划线局部为不定式，作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。Idependonyoutodoit.Iamcountingonyoutohelpmethrough.高中围，适用于“动词+介词+宾语+todo…〞的构造，不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：shouttosb.todo，callonsb.todo，countonsb.todo，dependonsb.todo，waitforsb.todo等。六、作宾语补足语的不定式，表示的动作在谓语所表示情况之前发生，就需要用完成形式：HewasknowntohaveworkedfortheInternationalOlympicmittee.分析：句中“He〞做主语，“wasknown〞作谓语，使用了被动语态。由句意可知，“为国际奥委会工作〞发生在前，“大家知道〞发生在后。故不定式局部用完成形式，在句中作宾语补足语。请看下面的句子。Theyarebelievedtohavediscussedtheproblem.七、作宾语补足语的不定式，表示一个正在进展的动作时需用进展形式：HeisbelievedtobelivinginMe*ico.分析：句中“He〞做主语，“isbelieved〞作谓语，使用了被动语态。由于句子表达主语现在正在发生的情况，故用不定式的进展形式，句中划线局部作宾语补足语。请看以下句子。Thousandswerereportedtobeworkinginconcentrationcamps.Heisthoughttobehidinginthewoods.间或不定式作宾语补足语也可用于完成进展时。例如：Sheissaidtohavebeendoingthisworkfortwentyyears.八、不定式作宾语补足语的被动形式：hedidn'twanthersontobetakenaway.分析：句中“She〞做主语，“didn'twant〞作谓语，“herson〞作宾语，由于“herson〞与“takeaway〞之间为被动关系，故用被动形式，句中划线局部作宾语补足语。请看以下句子。I'dlikethisroomtoberedecorated.Hedidn'twishthesubjecttobementionedintheletter.■练习：1.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher___upfromchildhood.(1988全国)A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow2.Theteacheraskedus___somuchnoise.(2003)A.don'tmakeB.notmake

C.notmaking

D.nottomake3.Myadvisorencouraged___asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.(2004)A.formetaking

B.metaking

C.formetotake

D.metotake4.Thefluisbelieved___byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.(2004)A.causing

B.beingcaused

C.tobecaused

D.tohavecaused5.-IsBobstillperforming.-I'mafraidnot.Heissaid___thestagealreadyashehasbeeanofficial.(2005)A.tohaveleft

B.toleave

C.tohavebeenleft

D.tobeleft6.Themotherfeltherself___coldandherhandstrembledasshereadtheletterfromthebattlefield.(2006)A.grow

B.grown

C.togrow

D.tohavegrown7.Energydrinksarenotallowed___inAustraliabutarebroughtinfromNewZealand.(2006)A.tomake

B.tobemade

C.tohavebeenmade

D.tobemaking答案：1.A

2.D

3.D

4.C

5.A

6.A

7.B

〔编辑：露〕52.----There’saholeinyourbag.----Iknow,I’3.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister____,todayhewasmade____byhislittlesister.A.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.tocry;cry4.Theywouldnotallowhim_____acrosstheenemyline.A.toriskgoingB.riskingtogoC.forrisktogoD.riskgoing5.Ifoundthedoor_____whenIgothome.’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise____.8.Withalotofdifficultproblems_____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled9.Iadvised_____atonce.A.himtostartingB.himtostartC.tostartingD.tostart10.WhenIputmyhandonhischest,Icouldfeelhisheartstill____.A.beatB.tobebeatingC.beatingD.wasbeating11.Youhadbettergetadoctor_____yourbadtooth.A.pulloutB.topulloutC.pulledoutD.pullingout12.Hemanagedtomakehimselfwithhis____English.A.understand;breakingB.understand;brokenB.C.understood;breakingD.understood;broken13.Thedoctoraskedhimnottoleavehiswound______.14.Theyaregoingtohavetheserviceman____anelectricfanintheofficetomorrow.615.Afterafewroundsoftalks,bothsidesregardedtheterritorydispute______.A.beingsettledB.tobesettledC.hadsettledD.assettled16.Youwillseethisproduct____whereveryougo.A.tobeadvertisedB.advertisedC.advertiseD.advertising17.Hisremarksleftme_____abouthisrealpurpose.18.WhenIcaughthim______meIstoppedbuyingthingsthereandstarteddealingwithanothershop.A.cheatingB.cheatC.tocheatD.tobecheating19.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister____,todayhewasmade____byhislittlesister.

22.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim___________.23.Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad_______wentwrongagain.24.Withalotofdifficultproblems_____,thenewly—electedpresidentishavingahardtime.25.Withtrees,flowersandgrass_____everywhere,mynativetownhadtakenonanewlook.A.plantingB.plantedC.toplantD.tobeplanted26.Shewasgladtoseeherchildwell_____careof.727.Theresultoftheentrancee*amswasnotmade_____tothepublicuntillastThursday.A.knowingB.knownC.toknowD.tobeknown28.Icanmakeyou_____whatIsay,butyoucan’tmakeyourself____inEnglish.A.understand;understandB.understand,understoodCtounderstand,understandD.understand;tobeunderstood29.Hefoundthem____atatable_____.A.sat;toplaychessB.sitting;toplaychessC.seated;playingchessD.seat;playthechess30.Johnrushedoutinahurry,___thedoor_____.A.leaving;unlockedB.leaving;unlockingC.left;unlockedD.toleave;unlocking31.Wearepleasedtoseetheproblem___soquickly.A.settledB.settlingC.besettledD.havingbeensettled32.Icouldfeelthewind___onmyfacefromanopenwindow.A.toblowB.blowingC.tobeblowingD.blown33.____productionupby60%,thepanyhashadanothere*cellentyear.34.____everything____,sheleftthesupermarketwithsatisfaction.A.As,buyingB.For,tobuyC.With,boughtD.Because,tobuy35.Don’tleavethewater____whileyoubrushyourteeth.(**2004)A.run36.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman___hishandintothepocketofapassenger.A.put37.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildren’sactionsagainstthelawsgetparents_______.(2004)A.worriedB.toworryC.worryingD.worry38.Theteacheraskedus_____somuchnoise.(2003)A.don’tmakeD.nottomake39.Anarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesoldiershadbeenordered____clear8warningsbeforefiringanyshots.(2003)A.toissueB.beingissuedC.tohaveissuedD.tobeissued40.－Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou"－I'dliketohavethispackage__,Madame.42.Johnwasmade__thetruckforaweekaspunishment.A.towashB.washingC.washD.tobewashing43.Themissingboyswerelastseen__neartheriver.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay44.Pauldoesn'thavetobemade__.Healwaysworkshard.45.Seeingthesun__abovethesurfaceofthesea,weletoutashoutofjoy.A.toriseB.toraiseC.risingD.raising46.Iwasdisappointedtofindhissuggestions__.AbeenturneddownB.turneddownC.tobeturneddownD.toturndown47.Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.’tmakeherself_______.49.Ifyougoto*i’an,you’50.It’ssocoldtoday,wemustkeepthefire________.51.Themotherwasasked________letherchildren________TVeveryevening;A.notto;watchB.notto;towatchC.not;watchD.not;watching52.Theydidn’tobserveher_______inandgoupstairs.53.How