定语从句的底层逻辑和难点突破+课件 陕西省省级教学能手微讲座

所有从句=引导词（连词/关系词）+句子引导词可在从句中作成分，也可能不作成分合并两个句子：Sheisthegirl.Youneverforgetthegirl.Youmetaheaven-sentangel.Sheistheheaven-sentangel.WhyGodmadeagirl?Shemustbethereason.Sheisthegirlwho/whom/thatyouneverforget.Sheistheheaven-sentangelwho/whom/thatyoumet.ShemustbethereasonwhyGodmadeagirl.定语从句的本质：汉语中“的”，本质就是划定一个范围，限定一个区间。汉语常用形容词“...的”实现修饰限定的作用，英语的实现方式：定语（形容词，分词短语，介词短语等）；定语从句Sheisthegirl.Youneverforgetthegirl.Sheisthegirlyouneverforgetthegirl.*Sheisthegirlwho/whom/thatyouneverforget.定语从句的形成过程：合并同类项为了语言使用的简洁、高效Sheisthegirl

that

youneverforget.先行词关系词定语从句关系代词关系副词which,who,whom,whose,thatwhere,when，why引导词先行词成分关系代词who人主，宾whom人宾(可省)which物主，宾(可省)that人或物主，宾(可省)whose(=ofwhom/which)人或物定“先行词的”关系副词where(=介词+which)地点名词地点状语when(=介词+which)时间名词时间状语why(=forwhich)reason原因状语先行词就一定是一个词吗？antecedent:theword,phrase,orclausetowhichapronounrefers.关系词所指代的词、短语或从句所以，先行词可以是一个词、短语、从句或者独立的句子等。1.1先行词的结构特点：1.ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr.Wang.2.InEurope,aselsewhere,multi-mediagroupshavebeenincreasinglysuccessfulgoupswhichbringtogethertelevision,radio,newspapers,magazinesandpublishinghousethatworkinrelationtooneanother.3.Hesaidthathehadnotime,whichisn’ttrue.4.Mygirlfriendlikestalkingwithotherguys,whichreallydrivesmecrazy.1.2先行词的位置特点：定语从句一定紧挨着先行词吗？先行词+其他定语+定语从句Therecomesatimeinmostcouple’sliveswhenabreak-upseemsinevitable.Themineralelementsfromthesoilthatareusablebytheplantmustbedissolvedinthesoilsolutionbeforetheycanbetakenintotheroot.1.2先行词的位置特点：先行词+状语+定语从句Isthereanythingintheworldthatwecannotbuywithmoney?1.2先行词的位置特点：作主语的先行词+谓语部分+定语从句Itcanbepredicted,however,thatfromtimetotimequestionswillarisewhichwillrequirespecificscientificanswers.1.2先行词考点-定语从句中的主谓一致：Despitemuchresearch,therearestillcertainelementsinthelifecycleoftheinsectthat

notfullyunderstood.引导词先行词成分关系代词who人主，宾whom人宾(可省)which物主，宾(可省)that人或物主，宾(可省)whose(=ofwhom/which)人或物定“先行词的”关系副词where(=介词+which)地点名词地点状语when(=介词+which)时间名词时间状语why(=forwhich)reason原因状语1.Theman

cametoourschoolisMr.Wang.2.Thegirl

ImetisLucy.3.Ilikethebook

youboughtyesterday.4.Achild

parentsaredeadiscalledTom.2

关系代词whose有什么特别？whose后面必须接一个名词，不能单独使用表示“先行词的”既可以指人，也可以指物关系代词有what吗？what不引导定语从句,what引导名词性从句.

what=先行词+关系代词

Iwanttogiveyou

Ihave.Iwanttogiveyouthebook

Ihave.

youfoundisatreasure.Thevase

youfoundisatreasure.2

关系代词引导词先行词成分关系代词who人主，宾whom人宾(可省)which物主，宾(可省)that人或物主，宾(可省)whose(=ofwhom/which)人或物定“先行词的”关系副词where(=介词+which)地点名词地点状语when(=介词+which)时间名词时间状语why(=forwhich)reason原因状语17whenwhen可用in/on/at/during...+which

代替1.Istillremembertheday.2.Ifirstmethimontheday.Istillremembertheday

Ifirstmethim.3关系副词18where

where可用in/on/at/to...+which代替1.Thefactoryistheplace.2.Ionceworkedinthefactory.Thefactoryistheplace

Ionceworked3关系副词19whywhy可用for+which

代替1.Thisisthereason.2.Iwaslateforschoolforthisreason.Thisisthereason

Iwaslateforschool.3关系副词3关系副词关系副词有how吗？How不可以作为方式的关系副词。在英语中，若表示方式，常用以下四种句型：1.theway+从句2.thewaythat+从句3.thewayinwhich+从句4.themannerthat+从句thewayhow+从句

×Idon’tliketheway

youspeaktome.Showmethewayhowyoutookagoodpicture.1.首先分清主句和定语从句，确保主句的完整性；2.确定定语从句的先行词(人还是物，不一定是一个词）3.把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，宾语，定语或状语）4.若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语则选择关系代词，若在从句中做状语，则选择关系副词。4

如何选用定语从句的关系词1.I’llneverforgetthedays______________weworkedtogether.2.I’llneverforgetthedays___________wespenttogether.

3.Iwenttotheplace

Iworkedtenyearsago.4.Iwenttotheplace_____________Ivisitedtenyearsago.

5.Thisisthereason______________hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason____________hegave.总结：先行词为表示时间、地点、原因的名词后接定从，不一定就是when,where,why,还要考虑先行词在定从中作什么成分。注意观察定语从句中谓语动词的差别先行词为表示时间、地点、原因的名词后接定从，一定用when,where,why引导吗？Ilikemovieswhichareadaptedfromfamousnovels.Ilovemymotherwhoisgoodtome.Ilovemymother,whoisgoodtome.IamLiHua,whoisoneofyourstudents.非限制性定从本质是一个插入语，起补充说明的作用。限制性定从与非限制定从区别：有无逗号隔开，与主句的关系。5限制性定从与非限制性定从1.Youcantakeanyseat__________isfree.2.Thisistheonlything_________wecando.3.Theisthefirstplace__________Iwanttovisit.4.Thisisthemostinterestingbook_________Ihaveeverread.5.ThoughIcan’tremembereverything____happenedduringthetimeinuniversity,6.Istillremembersomepeopleandthings_____wererelatedtoEve,whousedtobemyroommate.7.Thereislittle_______Icandotomakeupforthelosttime.8.Whoistheperson

brokethewindow?9.Ourschoolisnolongertheplace____itusedtobe.10.Thereisanewtypeofshoes

you

mightbefondof.6

特殊规则及易混点只用that却不用which/who的情况1）当先行词是不定代词或被它们修饰时:everything,anything,nothing,something,all,much,little,few,none，theone,every等2）当先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等，形容词的最高级，序数词修饰时。3）先行词既有人又有物时4）当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句中引导词用that,不用which或who。以避免重复。5)先行词在定语从句中作表语时6)在therebe结构中多少不一，恰人物最序Football,_______isaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.2.Thisisthetrainby_____wewenttoBeijing.当先行词是事物时，只用which却不用that的情况1.介词后2.用于非限制定语从句中1.IamreadingHarryPorter,_____isaninterestingbook.2.IamreadingHarryPorter._____isaninterestingbook.3.Hehastwosons.

Bothof________areteachers.4.Hehastwosons,

bothof________areteachers.whichItthemwhom1.I’vecometothepoint

Ican’tstandhim.2.Thecountryisinthesituation

awarwillbreakoutatanytime.总结：定语从句分别修饰point,situation,part,stage,condition，position，case，activity等表示“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”等抽象地点意义时，用where引导。1.Thisisthelibrary_____Iborrowedthebook.2.Itisfromthislibrary____Iborrowedthebook.

wherethat3.Weallhaveheardthenews_____ourteamwonthegame.4.Wedon’tbelieveinthenews________hetoldusyesterday.定语从句强调句型that

that/which同位语从句定语从句定从还是强调句型？定从还是同位语从句？7

关系代词asas引导限定性定语从句，只能用在一些固定结构中，即有such,thesame,as修饰的先行词后。such...as...,thesame...as...,as...as...She'snotsuchaman

wouldleaveherworkhalfdone.Heisnotthesameperson

weknow.Hetriedtomakeasfewmistakes

hecouldavoid.as引导非限定性定语从句，1.指代的通常是一个完整的句子；2.位置可以在句首、句中和句末。

isknowntousall,thewhaleisnotfishbutamammal.

isknowntousallthatthewhaleisnotfishbutamammal.

isknowntousallisthatthewhaleisnotfishbutamammal.as和which都可以引导非限制性定从，区别是什么？1.位置as，主句前中后都可以；which主句后2.语义Shefailedagain,

wasexpected.Shefailedagain,

wasunexpected.当主句和从句在内容上一致时，或者说从句的内容顺着主语的意思，用as。as有“正如...，由...而知”这样的意思；当主句和从句在内容上不一致时，或者说从句的内容对主句的内容起消极作用，则多用which。which译为“这”。7

关系代词as1.Itissuchabigstone_____nobodycanlift.2.Itissuchabigstone_____nobodycanliftit.3.______isknowntoall,heisthebeststudent.4.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,_____surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.总结：1.such…that中的that引导的是结果状语从句，在句中不作成分。such…as中的as在定语从句中应充当主宾表。如果后面成分完整，用that来引导结果状语从句；如果后面句子成分不完整，则用as来引导定语从句。3.as与which引导非限制性定语从句都能指代整句内容，但定语从句位于句首时，只能用

as,意为“正如、恰如”。whichAsasthat8

介词＋关系代词

常用：介词＋which/whom关系代词前介词的确定1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系Thisisthecar____whichIpaid100$.Thisisthecar____whichIspent100$.Thisisthecar____whichIgotoworkeveryday.Thisisthecar______whichIcan’tgotowork.Thisisthecar____whichtheoldmanwasknockeddownThisisthecar____whichaboythrewastone.Thisisthecar____whichwetalked.Thisisthecar____whichthewindowwasbrokenforoninwithoutbyataboutof2.根据从句中从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配

Canyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidioms

whichI’mnotfamiliar.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配1949wastheyear

whichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.Whose引起从句可转换为“of+关系代词”，即：the+n+of+which/whom

或者of+which/whom+the+n

Theyliveinahouse,

dooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,