径山寺风景区遗产保护中空间布局研究

JournalofLandscapeResearch/景观研究2009，1(10):94 Responsibleeditor:ZhuMiaoResponsibletranslator:LiStudyontheSpaceLayoutofLandscapeHeritagesinJingshanTempleScenicAreaJIANGJian*，WANGprotectionandutilizationofitsouterspaceintermsofcarding，transition，andintensifying，andmadeanexplorationonthecharacteristicsofspaceKeywordsHangzhoulandscapeheritage;Spacelayout;JingShanTemple;ProtectionandTownofYuhangDistrictofHangzhouCity．BelongingtotheTian-yearofTianBaoinTangDynasty(742)．AndintheseventhyearofShaoxinginSouthernSongDynasty(1137)，theBuddhistmonkZONGGaomadethetempleflourishing，andJingshanTemplewasentitledtobethefirstofthetenfamoustemplesand．ao，YongleBellofMingDynasty，andIronIncenseBurnerofAnalysisonthehistoricalandcurrentsituationofJingshanTempleScenicAreaReceived:August5，2009 Accepted:November27，2009(2112008029)．*Correspondingauthor．Email:gaaxg16．

t．ful，andclearly［2］．Fromahistoricalpointofview，manytemplert．TemplereflectstheBuddhismrequirementsoftemplegardens．Themainbuildingsarearrangedinthefoothillsofthe．houterenviron-mentalarrangementaremade．Themonuments，pavilions，andcarvedstonesarebuiltinaccordancewiththeroadsinor-dertoformthelandscaperhythmandsystemconnection．Thetemplearchitecturesandthenaturalenvironmentarefullyinte-gratedtogether．Currently，JingshanTempleonlykeepsthemainfeaturesoftemplegarden(Fig．1)．JingshanVillageislocatede．thisvillagearedistributedinribbonswhichareparalleltothetemplevrt．TheancientJingshanroadwhichhasoldtraditionalvillagesandnaturaltis．Thevillageaspects．Becauseoftheadverseeffectsoftravelling，thehexitbetweenthemodernlivingrequirementsandtheprotectionofmaterialculturalheritages．Inthetransformationningandsharpeningcontradiction，howtomakethe functionalsystemonthebasisofinheritingtheoriginalhistoricalFig．1 ThedrawingofJingshanMountaininQingDynasty(copiedfromYuhangCountyAnnals)AnalysisandresearchontheouterTheconstructionoftraditionalChinesevillagesalwayspaytionprocessmustbelinkedtothewholespatialenvironmentin-thenaturalenvironmentcouldbemadetobeauniqueorganiccr］tionmethodcanadapttothecomplexnaturalterrain，savecount．Relativetothetemple，villagesmostlypayattentiontort．whichwaythetemplebecomesanimportantcomponentofthejustthereverse．Thescenicheritagetempleshavebeeninthisthescenicspotsshouldseekforthenewplanningideasandofvillagesonthebasisofthetraditionalvillages'spatiallayoutordertocreateamountainousvillageenvironmentwiththeJingshanlocalreligiouscharacteristics．Thevillagecouldsatisfy

materialrequirementssuchaslivingandtravellingandmeettherp．phereofthetemplegardenvirt．Intheprocessofutilizationandreconstructionofthescenicerspacearesummarized． Boththetemplegardenandthevillageenvi-ronmenthavetheirownrism．Alltheelementsareinareasonableandcomprehensivetm．Andthesystematicarenotremarkable，anditshowsamessystateonthesettlements，theplanninganddesignmakesasystematicalbody．Therelation-shipoftheplaceandthenaturallandscapeissortedoutwiththetempleenvironmentasitscoreandthevillageasitssec-ondarycore．theconflictsbetweentemplesandvillages，makeaproperchangetothevillagebuildingsinordertounifythearchitecturalstyle，andmakeanoverallplanningtotheinfrastructurefacili-inordertomeetthematerialandfunctionalrirts．Themaincontentsincludethefollowingthreeaspects．①Elevationshadingmeasurementssuchasboundingwallsandplantstoreducethedissonanceoftheoverallvirt．Thismethod②Stylechange:theoverallstyleofsomepartsismade，inclu-isverynecessarytomakeastyleconversion．Thebuildingwoodendoorsandwindows，mountainplinths，farmcourtyardsastheirlocalfeaturesandstyles．Andtheconstructionoffarmhousesshouldbeconsistentwiththegreenfarmhousesstand-Demolishment:somebuildingsshouldbedemolished，suchasandabandonedfarmttts．Thespecificapproachisto centralizedwatersupply(Fig．2)．tm．Greenspacesystemismainlyconstitutedbythegreenisthebasicstructureofgreenspacetm．Thelow-lyingalongtheriveredge，whichconstitutesthevillage's"greenfo-cus"．Thismethodcaneffectivelyimprovetheecologicalenviron-t．body，a"greenline"issetupalongthevillage's"travellingax-scapeenvironmentwiththetea-bamboo-Buddhismfeatures．TransitionandstabilityTheshortageofcoordinationandvillageenvironmentisthemostprominentrm．There-space，andthemainmeasuresareasfollows．asinthejunctionoftemplesandvillages，andtoformthetran-tiveoffunctionalsense，thetransitionalareacouldbeusedasvillagesandthetls．sitionallinearspace．ThemeasurementsmainlyincludetheprocessingoftheXiangRoadandthetreatmentofthegreenanimportantroleinhighlightingthespecialcharacteristicsandclearingthets．2．2．3Theexternalspaceofthescenicbuildingsgroupformsofwaterandthemountainousenvironment，thecorrespondingseasonalchangesaremadetotheouterbambooandteagar-thesethreeaspectsandachievearelativebalanceamongthesethreeaspects．IntensifyingTheprotectionandutilizationofthe

scapeheritagemustpayfullattentiontothetransformationandrehabilitationofitsexternalenvironmentonthebasisofthepro-tectionofhistoricalandculturalheritage．Thetransformationprotectionandplanning，theoriginalspiritshouldbeconsideredtobethefundamentwhichcangiveanewcontentandanewsystematicstructure．Andtheprotectionofhistoricalheritageheritageinthecontinuousevolvementandvlt．2．3．1Tostrengthentheaxisandsequence．Anextensionandthecorrespondingtransformationmeasurementsaremadetotheexistingtemplespatialaxis．Itisnecessarytoincreasespatialpatternwithedgesdivergent，andtostrengthentheenvironmen］．Inaddition，itisalsoveryessentialtointensifytempleenvironmentandvillagevirt．Thereby，spiritualimageisintensified．Fromtheperspectiveoffunctionalmentsoftravellingdispatchingandvillagers'leisureentertain-t．Themainmeasureisthe"Northwest-Southeast"culturalparalleltotheculturalaxis，thetravellingaxiscontainsthefesti-othertravellingfacilities．Beingperpendiculartotheculturalaxisroundthesquareandbuildthetourism-relatedshoppingstreets．Andthelandscapeaxisisgoingtobuildfestivalgreenspaces(Fig．3)．2．3．2 Torepaireachlandscapepointonthebasisofthethehistoricalsites．Thepartswhichneedgreatrepairmostlyin-e．Thisrepairfocusesontheintegrationofmoderncul-tureandancientculture，anditmainlypaysattentiontothere-spacesoastointensifytheteaculturecharacteristicscombinedancientroad，inordertoconnectwiththefrontsquareofJings- roadcouldbeformed，whichcanreflecttheaccumulationof ancientvillagecultureandthehistoricaltempleFig． Theplanningofarchitecture Fig．3Theaxisandgreenlandarebeneficialtodispersethetemplecapacitypressure．Inaddi-tiontobeingthespiritualcore，templesalsogreatlyenrichtheculturalandlandscapecharacteristicsofvillages．ThevillagesandtemplesmutuallypromoteeachothertodeveloptowardstransitionandintensifyingareinterrelatedandnalsMHangzhou:ZhejiangPeople’sPublishingHouse，1990．(inChinese)．［2］ZHAOH．GardenenvironmentofChinesetemple．Beijing:ChinaTravelandTourismPress7．(inChinese)．sttt．

Press4．p．architectur．6．(inChinese)．．Provinc．search，2009，1(8):913．［7］ZHAOB．Analysisonlandscapedesignoffamousscenic(14):465466479．(inChinese)．［10］HUANGJH，JIANGC．DesignandplanforJiajigrasshallbeau89．(inChinese)［11］LIZ．ApplicationofGISspatialanalysisfunctionsintheplanningofences，2008，36(36):306309．(inChinese)．径山寺风景区风景遗产保护中的空间布局研究径山主山区位于杭州余杭区长乐镇径山属浙西天目山山脉是浙江沿海平原向西北丘陵的过渡带自宋至清为江南游览名山之一。径山寺的主体建筑布置于群山环绕的山麓之中。余各部分建筑充分利用地形特征散置于山林之中。主体建筑按照中轴线建造。寺庙的外部环境布置依主轴线展开。各碑亭石

刻依道而建形成线条的强弱变化和系统的连接。大殿钟楼和部分石刻等遗迹(图见第95Fig1)径山村位于寺庙东南部山坳之中。建筑平行于等高线呈带状分布。总体上与寺庙环境有所穿插径山古道穿越村落，古道两侧有古树并留有径山茶厂等历史建筑空间布局上体现了传统村落与自然山体的有机结合。村落以物质空间为主要载体它的空间布局过多地强化了其物质方面的因素受旅游因素的不良影响建筑盲目拆建的现象比较严重在一定程度上破坏了原有 村落是后来逐渐形成的。因此创造出具有径山本土宗教特色的山地村落环境。在功能上满足居住和旅游等物质上的要求。利用的过程中。梳理现杂乱的状态。规划在依据原有的山地聚落特征的基础之上对其建筑道路和植被水体等要素进行系统的梳理。以寺庙环境为核心。2．1．1拆除影响景观与功能的建筑。①立面改造:对建筑立面材质进行改造增加围挡或植物遮挡等手段消减和环境之间的不和谐感适用于景观敏感度较低区域的建筑主要针对组团农居进行。②风格转换:对屋顶门窗勒脚庭院等进行整体的风格转换适合开展休闲旅游的需要需进行风格转换。建筑高度为2～3层以瓦屋顶木门窗应符合新农村建设绿色农居标准在景观上是旅游建筑和农居建筑的过渡。③拆除:少量严重影响景观交通的构筑物违章建筑应予以拆除。山茶厂建筑现有广场周边杂乱商业建筑改建为统一的旅游商业街。拆除山道两侧竹木小屋统一安排到旅游商业街。拆除改为集中供水(图见第页ig．2:建筑风貌规划)。2．1．2。绿地系统主要由村，并缘溪向上延伸绿心开展休闲旅游活动。以径山古道为主体，依托现有古树旅游轴绿脉形成美观旅游商业街。

计是解决寺庙和村落矛盾最重要的部分。①去除影响协调的旅游建筑在寺庙与村庄连接处建广场和公共绿地形成寺庙空间与村落居住空间的过渡空间。功能上作为集散和休闲场地同时也构成了村庄和寺庙的入口区域。②以广场的块状过渡空间为中心向东西两侧延伸形成线性的过渡空间。主要包括香道的处理和径山古道两侧绿地的织补和强化。③风景区建筑群体外围形成向自然过渡的空间。结合水系和山体环境的梳理对外围竹林及茶园进行相应的季相改造。种植具有村落特色和禅院特色的种植群落构成更为合理的诗意空间。从而构成内核连接和外环的3。2．32．3．1强化轴线和序列。西北东南旅游商业街度假村等旅游设施的旅游轴垂直于人文轴和旅游轴从寺庙后山寺庙到庆典广场村口公园的风景轴。旅游轴要拆迁广场周边建筑建成旅游商业街。风景轴要建设庆典广场村口公园放生池水面及相关路桥和绿地(图见第7页ig．3:)。2．3．2结合遗迹对各个节点进行织补主要织补的节点在径山古道和径山寺的禅道两侧。主要侧重于对禅茶文化的织补。如对茶厂进行改造结合茶园构成商业和旅游休闲空间强化茶文化的特色对神道进行织补与径山寺前广场连接强化禅茶文化的特色同时满足人们拜佛商品的商业需求。对古道的线性空间进行强化保护两侧古树同时增加相应的小节点使古道两侧形成不同的穿插空间形成空间序列体。基金项目浙江林学院研究生创新基金