高中英语教师资格考试形态学

Morphology：形态学是研究词内部结构和构词结构的语言分支基本概念Morpheme词素（aminimalunitofmeaningorgrammaticalfunction最小的表示语义或者语法功能的单位）Allomorphs词素变体Cat（意义词素）+plural（语法功能的词素：复数）Bus（意义词素）+plural（语法功能的词素：复数）Sheep（意义词素）+plural（语法功能的词素：复数）这个“复数”词素可以有几个不同的morphs(形素：theactualformsusedtorealizemorphemes,表现词素的实际形式)所以-s,-es,-ies就是一个复数morpheme的allomorphes【Sheep+zero-morph】例子2：walk+pasttense（ed）Go+pasttense（went）went（zero-morph）和-ed都是pasttense这个词素的不同的变体或者形素考试技巧：ungentlemanliness有几个词素？就看这里面有几个意义词素和几个语法功能的词素Un-否定前缀词素Gentle意义词素Man意义词素Li-(ly)形容词后缀词素（gentlemanlyadj.绅士的，绅士派头的）Ness名词后缀词素Typesofmorphemes词素类型（1）Freemorpheme&Boundmorpheme自由词素可以单独出现（boymanbaby）黏着词素不能单独出现（-ish，-un，-tion）（2）Root词根thepartofawordthathasthemainmeaningandthatitsotherformsarebasedon;awordthatotherwordsareformedfrom

词根（相对于其他由他生成的单词来说）（3）Affix词缀Prefix前缀Suffix后缀（4）Stem词干:thebaseformtowhichaffixesareattachedintheformationofwordsAstemisofconcernonlywhendealingwithinflectionalmorphology（只在屈折形态学）.Inflectionalaffix（不改变词性）Derivationalaffix（改变词性，产生新词）Wordformation（构词法）CompoundingEndocentriccompoundingExocentriccompoundingDerivationInventionBlendingInitialismAcronymBorrowingLoanwordLoanblendLoanshiftLoantranslationBack-formationAnalogicalcreationCoinage听力技能SounddiscriminationMakingpredictionsListeningfordetailsListeningformainideasGuessingmeaningsofunfamiliarwordsDrawinginferencesTakingnotesRecognizingcommunicativeintention阅读技能PredictingSkimmingScanningUnderstandingmainideasUnderstandingimportantdetailsG