任务3.9 OSPF特殊区域配置

Module3路由技术《网络互联技术》任务3.9

OSPF特殊区域配置OSPF特殊区域OSPF特殊区域配置流程OSPF特殊区域配置命令通过OSPF多区域部署，可以减少网络中LSA的流量，将路由器的LSDB规模限制在区域内，但随着网络规模的扩大，路由表的规模依然会很庞大。通过配置末梢区域可以进一步减少路由表规模和路由信息传递的数量。本次任务介绍OSPF协议的4种末节区域特征，通过末节区域的应用进一步优化OSPF运行环境。任务背景准备知识1.OSPF特殊区域特殊区域Stub

区域不允许发布自治系统外部路由；也不允许接收外部路由相关的4类和5类LSA；可以接收区域间路由的3类LSA及该区域ABR发布3类LSA默认路由。末梢区域下LSA过滤情况1.OSPF特殊区域特殊区域TotallyStub区域在末梢区域特征的基础上，不再接收区域间路由的3类LSA。完全末梢区域下LSA过滤情况1.OSPF特殊区域特殊区域NSSA

区域（Not-So-StubbyArea）允许发布自治系统外部路由，形成7类LSA，ABR将7类LSA转化成5类LSA注入到Area0；不接收自治系统外部路由相关的4类和5类LSA；接收区域间路由的3类LSA；接受该区域ABR发布的7类LSA默认路由。NSSA区域下LSA过滤情况1.OSPF特殊区域特殊区域完全NSSA区域该区域是在NSSA区域特征基础上，不再接收区域间路由的3类LSA，只接收该区域ABR发布3类和7类LSA默认路由；存在两种类型的默认路由，路由表体现的是3类默认路由。完全NSSA区域下LSA过滤情况1.OSPF特殊区域特殊区域归纳下各种OSPF区域允许的LSA类型：常规区域允许1-5类LSA；Stub区域允许1-3类LSA和3类LSA默认路由；Totallystub区域允许1-2类LSA和3类LSA默认路由；NSSA允许1-3类LSA和3类、7类LSA默认路由；TotallyNSSA允许1-2类LSA和3类、7类LSA默认路由。OSPF区域允许的LSA类型LSA类型区域类型Type-1Type-2Type-3Type-4Type-5Type-7常规区域√√√√√×Stub区域√√√×××TotallyStub区域√√××××NSSA√√√××√TotallyNSSA√√×××√2.OSPF特殊区域配置流程OSPF特殊区域配置流程如下：特殊区域的ABR配置区域类型（末梢/完全末梢/NSSA/完全NSSA区域）；区域内所有路由器配置对应区域类型。（1）配置末梢/完全末梢区域命令：stub[no-summary]说明：配置末梢区域，区域内的所有路由器都需配置stub命令；配置完全末梢区域，需在ABR上配置no-summary命令视图：OSPF区域视图举例1：将OSPF进程1下的区域1设置为末梢区域。假设该区域包含R1、R2。R1为ABR。举例2：将OSPF进程1下的区域1设置为完全末梢区域。假设该区域包含R1、R2。R1为ABR。[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub3.OSPF特殊区域配置命令[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stubno-summary[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub（2）配置NSSA/完全NSSA区域命令：nssa[no-summary]说明：配置NSSA区域，区域内的所有路由器都需配置nssa；配置完全NSSA区域，需在ABR上配置no-summary命令视图：OSPF区域视图举例1：将OSPF进程1下的区域1设置为NSSA区域。假设该区域包含R1、R2。R1为ABR。举例2：将OSPF进程1下的区域1设置为完全NSSA区域。假设该区域包含R1、R2。R1为ABR。[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]nssa[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]nssa3.OSPF特殊区域配置命令[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]nssano-summary[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]nssa4.任务实施：OSPF特殊区域配置（1）掌握OSPF特殊区域的分类及区别；（2）掌握OSPF特殊区域的配置方法。（一）任务目的

某公司网络为总-分支结构，计划部署OSPF多区域来实现全网连通。考虑到分支机构众多，为进一步优化各分支机构路由设备的路由表，网络管理员决定采用OSPF特殊区域来规划分支机构网络。（二）任务描述（1）拓扑图（2）操作流程配置路由器及PC的IP地址；各路由器启动OSPF进程，按照区域规划，接口分别激活OSPF协议；配置特殊区域，简化路由表。（三）实施规划4.任务实施：OSPF特殊区域配置（四）操作步骤配置OSPF多区域配置网络参数[R1]intg0/0/0[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipadd10.0.12.124[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]intg0/0/1[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ipadd10.0.13.124[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]intg0/0/2[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ipadd10.0.15.124R1配置：[R2]intg0/0/0[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipadd10.0.12.224[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]intg0/0/1[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ipadd10.0.24.224[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]intg0/0/2[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ipadd10.0.26.224R2配置：配置OSPF特殊区域4.任务实施：OSPF特殊区域配置（四）操作步骤配置OSPF多区域配置网络参数[R3]intg0/0/0[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipadd10.0.13.324[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]intloopback0[R3-LoopBack0]ipadd3.3.3.332R3配置：[R4]intg0/0/0[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipadd10.0.24.424[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]intloopback0[R4-LoopBack0]ipadd4.4.4.432R4配置：配置OSPF特殊区域4.任务实施：OSPF特殊区域配置（四）操作步骤配置OSPF多区域配置网络参数[R5]intg0/0/0[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipadd10.0.15.524[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]intloopback0[R5-LoopBack0]ipadd5.5.5.532R5配置：[R6]intg0/0/0[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ipadd10.0.26.624[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]intloopback0[R6-LoopBack0]ipadd6.6.6.632R6配置：配置OSPF特殊区域4.任务实施：OSPF特殊区域配置（四）操作步骤配置OSPF多区域配置网络参数[R1]ospf1router-id1.1.1.1[R1-ospf-1]area0[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network10.0.12.00.0.0.255[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]area3[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network10.0.13.00.0.0.255[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]area5[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.5]network10.0.15.00.0.0.255R1配置：[R2]ospf1router-id2.2.2.2[R2-ospf-1]area0[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network10.0.12.00.0.0.255[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]area4[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network10.0.24.00.0.0.255[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]area6[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.6]network10.0.26.00.0.0.255R2配置：配置OSPF特殊区域4.任务实施：OSPF特殊区域配置（四）操作步骤配置OSPF多区域配置网络参数[R3]ospf1router-id3.3.3.3[R3-ospf-1]area3[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network10.0.13.00.0.0.255[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network3.3.3.30.0.0.0R3配置：[R4]ospf1router-id4.4.4.4[R4-ospf-1]area4[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network10.0.24.00.0.0.255[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network4.4.4.40.0.0.0R4配置：配置OSPF特殊区域4.任务实施：OSPF特殊区域配置（四）操作步骤配置OSPF多区域配置网络参数[R5]ospf1router-id5.5.5.5[R5-ospf-1]area5[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.5]network10.0.15.00.0.0.255[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.5]network5.5.5.50.0.0.0R5配置：[R6]ospf1router-id6.6.6.6[R6-ospf-1]area6[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.6]network10.0.26.00.0.0.255[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.6]network6.6.6.60.0.0.0R6配置：配置OSPF特殊区域4.任务实施：OSPF特殊区域配置（四）操作步骤配置OSPF多区域配置网络参数[R1-ospf-1]area3[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]stub//将区域3设置为Stub区域

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]area5[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.5]nssa//将区域5设置为NSSA区域R1配置：[R3-ospf-1]area3[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]stubR3配置：配置OSPF特殊区域[R5-ospf-1]area5[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.5]nssaR5配置：4.任务实施：OSPF特殊区域配置（四）操作步骤配置OSPF多区域配置网络参数[R2-ospf-1]area4[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]stubno-summary//将区域4设为TotallyStub区域[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]area6[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.6]nssano-summary//将区域4设为TotallyNSSAR2配置：[R4-ospf-1]area4[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]stubR4配置：配置OSPF特殊区域[R6-ospf-1]area6[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.6]nssaR6配置：4.任务实施：OSPF特殊区域配置（五）实验测试查看OSPF路由信息[R1]disiprouting-tableprotocolospfRouteFlags:R-relay,D-downloadtofib------------------------------------------------------------------------------Publicroutingtable:OSPFDestinations:6Routes:6OSPFroutingtablestatus:<Active>Destinations:6Routes:6Destination/MaskProtoPreCostFlagsNextHopInterface

3.3.3.3/32OSPF101D10.0.13.3GigabitEthernet0/0/1

4.4.4.4/32OSPF102D10.0.12.2GigabitEthernet0/0/0

5.5.5.5/32OSPF101D10.0.15.5GigabitEthernet0/0/2

6.6.6.6/32OSPF102D10.0.12.2GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.24.0/24OSPF102D10.0.12.2GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.26.0/24OSPF102D10.0.12.2GigabitEthernet0/0/0OSPFroutingtablestatus:<Inactive>Destinations:0Routes:0R1查看OSPF路由信息：

连通性测试4.任务实施：OSPF特殊区域配置（五）实验测试查看OSPF路由信息[R2]disiprouting-tableprotocolospfRouteFlags:R-relay,D-downloadtofib------------------------------------------------------------------------------Publicroutingtable:OSPFDestinations:6Routes:6OSPFroutingtablestatus:<Active>Destinations:6Routes:6Destination/MaskProtoPreCostFlagsNextHopInterface

3.3.3.3/32OSPF102D10.0.12.1GigabitEthernet0/0/0

4.4.4.4/32OSPF101D10.0.24.4GigabitEthernet0/0/1

5.5.5.5/32OSPF102D10.0.12.1GigabitEthernet0/0/0

6.6.6.6/32OSPF101D10.0.26.6GigabitEthernet0/0/210.0.13.0/24OSPF102D10.0.12.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.15.0/24OSPF102D10.0.12.1GigabitEthernet0/0/0OSPFroutingtablestatus:<Inactive>Destinations:0Routes:0R2查看OSPF路由信息：

连通性测试4.任务实施：OSPF特殊区域配置（五）实验测试查看OSPF路由信息[R3]disiprouting-tableprotocolospfRouteFlags:R-relay,D-downloadtofib------------------------------------------------------------------------------Publicroutingtable:OSPFDestinations:7Routes:7OSPFroutingtablestatus:<Active>Destinations:7Routes:7Destination/MaskProtoPreCostFlagsNextHopInterface4.4.4.4/32OSPF103D10.0.13.1GigabitEthernet0/0/05.5.5.5/32OSPF102D10.0.13.1GigabitEthernet0/0/06.6.6.6/32OSPF103D10.0.13.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.12.0/24OSPF102D10.0.13.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.15.0/24OSPF102D10.0.13.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.24.0/24OSPF103D10.0.13.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.26.0/24OSPF103D10.0.13.1GigabitEthernet0/0/0OSPFroutingtablestatus:<Inactive>Destinations:0Routes:0R3查看OSPF路由信息（常规区域）：

连通性测试4.任务实施：OSPF特殊区域配置（五）实验测试查看OSPF路由信息[R3]disiprouting-tableprotocolospfRouteFlags:R-relay,D-downloadtofib------------------------------------------------------------------------------Publicroutingtable:OSPFDestinations:8Routes:8OSPFroutingtablestatus:<Active>Destinations:8Routes:8Destination/MaskProtoPreCostFlagsNextHopInterface

0.0.0.0/0OSPF102D10.0.13.1GigabitEthernet0/0/04.4.4.4/32OSPF103D10.0.13.1GigabitEthernet0/0/05.5.5.5/32OSPF102D10.0.13.1GigabitEthernet0/0/06.6.6.6/32OSPF103D10.0.13.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.12.0/24OSPF102D10.0.13.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.15.0/24OSPF102D10.0.13.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.24.0/24OSPF103D10.0.13.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.26.0/24OSPF103D10.0.13.1GigabitEthernet0/0/0OSPFroutingtablestatus:<Inactive>Destinations:0Routes:0R3查看OSPF路由信息（Stub区域）：

连通性测试4.任务实施：OSPF特殊区域配置（五）实验测试查看OSPF路由信息[R4]disiprouting-tableprotocolospfRouteFlags:R-relay,D-downloadtofib------------------------------------------------------------------------------Publicroutingtable:OSPFDestinations:7Routes:7OSPFroutingtablestatus:<Active>Destinations:7Routes:7Destination/MaskProtoPreCostFlagsNextHopInterface3.3.3.3/32OSPF103D10.0.24.2GigabitEthernet0/0/05.5.5.5/32OSPF103D10.0.24.2GigabitEthernet0/0/06.6.6.6/32OSPF102D10.0.24.2GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.12.0/24OSPF102D10.0.24.2GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.13.0/24OSPF103D10.0.24.2GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.15.0/24OSPF103D10.0.24.2GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.26.0/24OSPF102D10.0.24.2GigabitEthernet0/0/0OSPFroutingtablestatus:<Inactive>Destinations:0Routes:0R4查看OSPF路由信息（常规区域）：

连通性测试4.任务实施：OSPF特殊区域配置（五）实验测试查看OSPF路由信息[R4]disiprouting-tableprotocolospfRouteFlags:R-relay,D-downloadtofib------------------------------------------------------------------------------Publicroutingtable:OSPFDestinations:1Routes:1OSPFroutingtablestatus:<Active>Destinations:1Routes:1Destination/MaskProtoPreCostFlagsNextHopInterface

0.0.0.0/0OSPF102D10.0.24.2GigabitEthernet0/0/0OSPFroutingtablestatus:<Inactive>Destinations:0Routes:0R4查看OSPF路由信息（TotallyStub）：

连通性测试4.任务实施：OSPF特殊区域配置（五）实验测试查看OSPF路由信息[R5]disiprouting-tableprotocolospfRouteFlags:R-relay,D-downloadtofib------------------------------------------------------------------------------Publicroutingtable:OSPFDestinations:7Routes:7OSPFroutingtablestatus:<Active>Destinations:7Routes:7Destination/MaskProtoPreCostFlagsNextHopInterface3.3.3.3/32OSPF102D10.0.15.1GigabitEthernet0/0/04.4.4.4/32OSPF103D10.0.15.1GigabitEthernet0/0/06.6.6.6/32OSPF103D10.0.15.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.12.0/24OSPF102D10.0.15.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.13.0/24OSPF102D10.0.15.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.24.0/24OSPF103D10.0.15.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.26.0/24OSPF103D10.0.15.1GigabitEthernet0/0/0OSPFroutingtablestatus:<Inactive>Destinations:0Routes:0R5查看OSPF路由信息（常规区域）：

连通性测试4.任务实施：OSPF特殊区域配置（五）实验测试查看OSPF路由信息[R5]disiprouting-tableprotocolospfRouteFlags:R-relay,D-downloadtofib------------------------------------------------------------------------------Publicroutingtable:OSPFDestinations:8Routes:8OSPFroutingtablestatus:<Active>Destinations:8Routes:8Destination/MaskProtoPreCostFlagsNextHopInterface

0.0.0.0/0O_NSSA1501D10.0.15.1GigabitEthernet0/0/0

3.3.3.3/32OSPF102D10.0.15.1GigabitEthernet0/0/0

4.4.4.4/32OSPF103D10.0.15.1GigabitEthernet0/0/0

6.6.6.6/32OSPF103D10.0.15.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.12.0/24OSPF102D10.0.15.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.13.0/24OSPF102D10.0.15.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.24.0/24OSPF103D10.0.15.1GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.26.0/24OSPF103D10.0.15.1GigabitEthernet0/0/0OSPFroutingtablestatus:<Inactive>Destinations:0Routes:0R5查看OSPF路由信息（NSSA区域）：

连通性测试4.任务实施：OSPF特殊区域配置（五）实验测试查看OSPF路由信息[R6]disiprouting-tableprotocolospfRouteFlags:R-relay,D-downloadtofib------------------------------------------------------------------------------Publicroutingtable:OSPFDestinations:7Routes:7OSPFroutingtablestatus:<Active>Destinations:7Routes:7Destination/MaskProtoPreCostFlagsNextHopInterface3.3.3.3/32OSPF103D10.0.26.2GigabitEthernet0/0/04.4.4.4/32OSPF102D10.0.26.2GigabitEthernet0/0/05.5.5.5/32OSPF103D10.0.26.2GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.12.0/24OSPF102D10.0.26.2GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.13.0/24OSPF103D10.0.26.2GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.15.0/24OSPF103D10.0.26.2GigabitEthernet0/0/010.0.24.0/24OSPF102D10.0.26.2GigabitEthernet0/0/0OSPFroutingtablestatus:<Inactive>Destinations:0Routes:0R6查看OSPF路由信息（常规区域）：

连通性测试4.任务实施：OSPF特殊区域配置（五）实验测试查看OSPF路由信息[R6]disiprouting-tableprotocolospfRouteFlags:R-relay,D-downloadtofib------------------------------------------------------------------------------Publicroutingtable:OSPFDestinations:1Routes:1OSPFroutingtablestatus:<Active>Destinations:1Routes:1Destination/MaskProtoPreCostFlagsNextHopInterface

0.0.0.0/0OSPF102D10.0.26.2GigabitEthernet0/0/0OSPFroutingtablestatus:<Inactive>Destinations:0Routes:0R6查看OSPF路由信息（TotallyNSSA）：

连通性测试4.任务实施：OSPF特殊区域配置（五）实验测试查看OSPF路由信息[R3]ping-a3.3.3.34.4.4.4PING4.4.4.4:56databytes,pressCTRL_CtobreakReplyfrom4.4.4.4:bytes=56Sequence=1ttl=253time=40msReplyfrom4.4.4.4:bytes=56Sequence=2ttl=253time=20msReplyfrom4.4.4.4:bytes=56Sequence=3ttl=253time=20ms......[R3]ping-a3.3.3.35.5.5.5PING5.5.5.5:56databytes,pressCTRL_CtobreakReplyfrom5.5.5.5:bytes=56Sequence=1ttl=254time=30msReplyfrom5.5.5.5:bytes=56Sequence=2ttl=254time=30msReplyfrom5.5.5.5:bytes=56Sequence=3ttl=254time=20ms......[R3]ping-a3.3.3.36.6.6.6PING6.6.6.6:56databytes,pressCTRL_CtobreakReplyfrom6.6.6.6:bytes=56Sequence=1ttl=253time=40msReplyfrom6.6.6.6:bytes=56Sequence=2ttl=253time=30msReplyfrom6.6.6.6:bytes=56Sequence=3ttl=253time=10ms......R3的3.3.3.3ping4.4.4.4；5.5.5.5；6.6.6.6：连通性测试4.任务实施：OSPF特殊区域配置（五）实验测试查看OSPF路由信息[R4]ping-a4