陕西省西安市2023年考研《英语一》考前冲刺试卷含解析

陕西省西安市2023年考研《英语一》考前冲刺试卷SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题的A,B,C,D四个选项中，选出合适填入对应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。Agreatmanypeoplearedisappointedbecauseofunrealisticexpectations.Walkinguptoadepartmentstore’sclothcounter,a(n)26youngwomansaid,“Iwanttobuythismaterialforanewdress.Howmuchdoesitcost?”“Onlyone27peryard,”repliedthesmirking(自鸣得意的)maleclerk.Nottobe28backbythefunnywords,thewomansaid,”That’sfine!I’lltaketenyards.”With29writtenalloverhisface,theclerk30measuredoutandwrappedthecloth,thenhelditoutteasingly(戏弄地),31forwardtoreceivehis“32”.Thewomangotthepackagequicklyfromtheclerkand33toalittleoldmanstandingbesideher.“Grandpawillpaythebillinsteadofme,”she34.Hewasno35disappointed.Butinthecourseofliving,manypeopleare36whenothersdonot37theirexpectations.Inordertobehappy,someexpectationsmustbe38.Thesethreeparticular39andunhealthyexpectationsaresomeofthemaincauses:1、Expecttoomuch40.Whenotherssay,“Thankyou,”orinanywaytoshowtheirgratitude,be41.Itisagift!2、Expectotherstomakeyouhappy.Theysimplycannotdothat.Makeyourselfhappyand42yourjoywithothers.3、Expectnottobe43.Attimes,peoplewillsimplynotcomethroughforyouinthewayyouneed.44themandmoveon.Getridofthesethreeunrealisticexpectationsandyoucanbegintoexpectmore45rightaway!4、A．trickyB．attractiveC．ugly D．generous5、A．kissB．payC．dollar D．cent6、A．movedB．forcedC．fought D．taken7、A．happinessB．enjoymentC．expectationD．courage8、A．hurriedlyB．slowly C．patientlyD．curiously9、A．settingB．sitting C．leaningD．taking10、A．rewardB．paymentC．bonusD．money11、A．tendedB．paid C．pointedD．nodded12、A．smiledB．beggedC．wavedD．thought13、A．wonderB．use C．good D．doubt14、A．encouragedB．disappointedC．annoyedD．surprised15、A．liveuptoB．goagainstC．gowithout D．hopefor16、A．setB．made C．dropped D．completed17、A．reasonableB．proper C．unimportant D．unrealistic18、A．profitB．kiss C．appreciationD．disappointment19、A．happyB．sadC．angry D．excited20、A．spareB．shareC．make D．control21、A．putdownB．letdownC．takendown D．throwndown22、A．ForgiveB．PunishC．Blame D．Praise23、A．happinessB．encouragementC．excitementD．prideSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1AEuropeanUnionprogramislettingblindpeopleexperiencefamouspaintingsforthefirsttime.Itusesthreedimensional(3-D)printingtore-createfamouspaintingssotheycanbetouched.OnepaintingprintedwiththenewtechnologyisGustavKlimt’s“TheKiss.”ItisapopularattractionattheBelvedereMuseuminVienna,Austria.Thepaintingshowsamanandawomanstandinginafieldfilledwithflowers.Theyarewearinggoldrobesandhavetheirarmsaroundeachother.Themanleansdowntokissthewoman.Klimtfinishedthepaintingin1908.Untilnow,peoplewhohadtroubleseeingcouldnotappreciatetheartwork.Butthankstothereproductiontheycantouchthepieceandfeeltheridgesanddepressions.AndreasReichingerstartedmaking3-Dversionsofartworkin2010.Hesaidthisreproductionwashismostdifficultprojectbecausethecouple’srobesaresodetailed.DominikaRaditschisablindmuseumvisitor.Shetouchedthereproduction.Asshemovedherhandsarounditshesaid,”Exactly,canyouseethese?Therearesomanydetails.“Raditschsaidshecanimaginewhattheoriginalpaintinglookslikewhenshetouchesthereproduction.“It’ssomehowround.Youcanfeelit.Itcomeswithit.Andinmanyplacesit’ssosmooth.AndthenIthinktomyself:itprobablyshinestoo!”Raditschsaid.TheBelvedereisnottheonlymuseumtohave3-Dversionsofitsartwork.SomeofthepiecesatthePrado,inMadrid,Spain,havereproductionsthatcanbetouched.ButthepieceinViennahasonespecialpart:itismadewithwidelyavailable3-Dprintingtechnology.Thatmeansoneday,blindartfansanywhereintheworldcoulddownloadthesourcefilesandprintthereproductionsthemselves.1、Whatis”Thekiss”?A．AEuropeanUnionproject.B．Apopularpainting.C．A3-Dtechnology.D．Afamousmuseum.2、WhydidReichingersaythisreproductionwasdifficulttofinish?A．Thepaintingwasreproduceddetailedly.B．Theoriginalartworkwasmadein1908.C．Blindartfanscan’tdownloadthesource.D．The3-Dtechnologyisnotavailable.3、HowdidRaditschfeelwhenshefirsttouchedthereproduction?A．Awkward.B．Puzzled.C．Excited.D．Nervous.4、Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．AEuropeanUnionProgramforMuseumVisitorsB．3-DPrintingLetsBlindExperienceFamousPaintingC．HowtoReproducetheWorld-famousPaintingsD．ASpecialMuseumforArtFansinVienna,AustriaText2Asafirstresponder,youneverknowwhattypeofsituationyoumightwalkinto,orwhoyou’llmeetalongtheway.That’sdefinitelybeenthecaseforJeffreyLanenberg,a51-year-oldparamedic(急救医务人员)since1984.Tenyearsintothejob,Lanenbergreceivedacallthatreportedthatamaninhisearly30shadfallendownintheMallofAmerica.WhenLanenbergandhispartnerarrivedatthescene,theyfoundtheyoungmalefacedownontheground.Hehadgoneunconscious,makingweakattemptstobreathe.Hiswifestoodbesidehimholdingtheirsmallsoninhorror.Theyquicklyrushedtodefibrillate(除颤)andcalmthemantokeephimundercontrol.AfterLanenbergdroppedthepatientoffattheneighboringhospital,hethoughtaboutthemanandhisfamilyforalongtime.LanenbergthoughthehadexperiencedeverythingunderthesununtilonerandomvisittoOfficeMaxthreeyearsago,wherehemetamanrepeatedlywalkbackandforthwhilestaringathim.Asitturnedout,themanwasthepatienthehadsaved20yearsearlier.＂Yougaveme20yearsmorethanIeverthoughtI’dhave,＂themansaid.HethankedLanenbergrepeatedlyandtoldhimhehadsomeonehewantedhimtomeet.Hesteppedaroundthecornerandreappearedwitha20-something-year-oldman.Lanenberginstantlyknewthatitwasthesonhehadseenstandingbyhismotherallthoseyearsago.＂Thatdaychangedmylife,＂Lanenbergsaid.＂Beforethat,everythingwasaboutwork…WhenItalktomybeginner-trainingclass,Itellthemyouneverknowtheimpactyoucanhaveonsomeone’slife.＂1、WhatdidLanenbergdowiththeyoungman?A．Hegavethemanthefirstaid. B．Hecuredthemanatthescene.C．Heonlysentthemantohospital. D．Hetookcareoftheman’swifeandson.2、WhatdidLanenbergthinkoftheencounterwiththeman?A．Itwasunbelievable. B．Itwasacommonroutine.C．Itwasamatterofcourse. D．Itwasadangeroussituation.3、WhywasthemanthankfultoLanenberg?A．Lanenberghelpedbringuphislittleson.B．Lanenbergdonatedtosupporthisfamily.C．Lanenberggavehimthepresenthappylife.D．Lanenbergtaughthissontobeanewdoctor.4、HowdidthemeetingchangeLanenberg’slife?A．Hechangedhisattitudetohisjob.B．Hewasrewardedwithmuchmoney.C．Hegotapromotiontobeateamleader.D．Hetookupteachingworktotrainnewcomers.Text3Microsofthasdevelopedanewsmartphoneappthatinterpretseyesignalsandtranslatesthemintoletters,allowingpeoplewithALS（渐冻症）tocommunicatewithothersfromaphone.TheGazeSpeakappcombinesasmartphone’scamerawithartificialintelligencetorecognizeeyemovementsinrealtimeandconvertthemintoletters,wordsandsentences.ForpeoplesufferingfromALSalsoknownasmotorneurone（神经元）disease,eyemovementcanbetheonlywaytocommunicate.“Currenteye-trackinginputsystemsforpeoplewithALSorothermotordisabilitiesareexpensive,notconstantundersunlight,andrequirefrequentreadjustmentandconsiderable,relativelyfixedsystems,”saidXiaoyiZhang,aresearcheratMicrosoftwhodevelopedthetechnology.“Toreducethedrawbacks…wecreatedGazeSpeak,aneye-gesturecommunicationsystemrunningonasmartphone,andisdesignedtobelow-cost,constant,portableandeasytolearn.”Theappisusedbythelistenerbypointingtheirsmartphoneatthespeaker.Achartstucktothebackofthesmartphoneisthenusedbythespeakertodeterminewhicheyemovementstomakeforcommunication.Thelabelshowsfourgrids（方格）ofletters,whicheachcorrespondtoadifferenteyemovement.Bylookingup,down,leftorright,thespeakerselectswhichgridstheywantthelettersbelongto.Theartificialintelligencealgorithm（计算程序）isthenabletopredictthewordorsentencetheyaretryingtosay.Zhang’sresearch,Smartphone-BasedGazeGestureCommunicationforPeoplewithMotorDisabilities,issettobepresentedattheConferenceonHumanFactorsinComputingSystemsinMay.1、HowdoesthenewsmartphoneapphelppeoplewithALS?A．Byconnectingitscamerawithsufferers’appearance.B．Bycommunicatingwithpeopledirectlywithacamera.C．Bychangingeyemovementsintodetailedwritteninformation.D．Bylookingintotheeyesofthesufferers.2、WhydidtheresearchersdevelopGazeSpeak？A．GazeSpeakwillhavefewerdisadvantages.B．Currentsystemscan’tfunctioneffectively.C．GazeSpeakcanbeproperlyusedinthemedicalfield.D．Currentsystemscanincreasetheriskofmotordisabilities.3、Whatcanweknowaccordingthetext?A．Sufferers’eyemovementsaredeterminedbyGazeSpeak.B．Currentsystemsaresolidbutcostlyforsufferers.C．GazeSpeakhashelpedpeoplealot.D．GazeSpeakhasn’tbeenpracticallyonthemarket.Text4Isthereawaytoturnbacktheagingprocessinpeople?Forcenturies,peoplehavebeenlookingfora“fountainofyouth.”Theideaisthatifyoufindamagicalfountain,anddrinkitswater,youwillnotage.ResearchersinNewYorkdidnotfindanactualfountainofyouth,buttheymayhavefoundawaytoturnbacktheagingprocess.Itappearsthattheanswermaybecalledthehypothalamus,whichispartofyourbrain.Itcontrolsimportantbodyactivities,includinggrowth,thewayweprocessfoodandsoon.ResearchersatNewYork’sAlbertEinsteinCollegeofMedicinefoundthathypothalamusneuralstemcells(干细胞)alsoinfluencehowfastagingtakesplace.DongshengCai,aprofessorattheAlbertEinsteinCollegeofMedicine,wastheleadingresearcherinastudyonaginginmice.Heandhisteamreportedtheirfindings.“Agingspeedcanbecontrolledbyaparticularplaceinthebody,whichisthehypothalamus.Anditcanbecontrolledbyaparticulartypeofcells,whicharehypothalamusstemcells.”Headdsthatwhenthehypothalamusstartsaging,sodoesthebody.Sowhenhypothalamusfunctionisindecline,particularlythelossofhypothalamusstemcells,andthisprotectionagainsttheagingdevelopmentislost,iteventuallyleadstoaging.Usingthisinformation,theresearchersbegantryingtoactivatethehypothalamusinlaboratorymice.Theydidthisbyinjectingtheanimalswithstemcells.Theresearcherssaytheresultsshowthatthetreatmentslowedagingintheanimals.“Whenweinjectedthehypothalamusstemcellstothemiddle-agedmice,themiceagedslowlyandtheycanalsolivelonger.”Buttheseresultswerejustfromstudyingmiceinalaboratory.Ifthemicecanlivelonger,doesthatmeanpeoplecouldhavelongerlives?Thenextstepistoseeiftheanti-agingeffectsalsoworkinhumanbeings.“Ifwecantranslatewhatwehaveseeninanimalstohumans,Ithinkhumanscanfunctionbetterduringlaterages.”Caiandhisteamsaytheirstudiesmayhaveotherbenefits.Theysaythefindingscouldleadtonewwaystohelpdoctorsidentifyandtreatanynumberofage-relatedhealthissues.1、Whydoestheauthormentionthe“fountainofyouth”inthefirstparagraph?A．Toexplainwhatthe“fountainofyouth”is.B．Tointroducethehypothalamus.C．Toshowhowtofindthe“fountainofyouth”.D．Tohelppeoplefindthe“fountainofyouth”.2、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?A．Thebrain.B．Theagingprocess.C．Hypothalamus.D．Thestemcell3、WhatdoweknowaboutthestudydonebyCai?A．Theyhavefoundawaytoturnbacktheagingprocess.B．Thebraincontrolsgrowth,reproductionandthewayweprocessfood.C．Thedecreaseofhypothalamusstemcellscanleadtoaging.D．Thefindinghasbeenappliedtohumanbeings.4、Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．TheFountainofYouthB．ANewDiscoveryaboutAgingC．TheWaysofSlowingDownAgingD．Hypothalamus—theFountainofYouthPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)RecentlyIspenttwodaysinDubai,thelargestcityintheUnitedArabEmirates(UAE)Ifoundthecityfascinatingtotour,butitwasthedesert1．reallyappealedtomeSoIjumpedatthechance2．(experience)adesertsafari(游猎)Arrivingatthedesert,wewereimpressedwiththesplendidviewbeforeusHugedunes(沙丘)spreadoutamazinglyasfarastheeyecouldseeWe3．(drive)up,downandaround4．(they)byanexperiencedArabiandriverThoughinfear,everyonescreamed5．(delight)Atsunset,weheadedtothedesertcamp,wheredinnerwaswaitingAtthecamp,wecouldchoosefromabundantactivitiestoenjoybeforedinner,6．camelrides,bodypaintingandtakingpictureswithaneagleHowcool!Inthecenterofthecampstoodalargestage,7．(surround)byrowsoflowtablesonthecarpetsEveryonesatoncushionsonthegroundandhad8．goodviewofthecenterofthestageThroughoutthebuffetdinner,weenjoyedseveralfantastic9．(perform)DuringmybriefstayinDubai,Isawfamousbuildingsandwanderedthroughspicemarketsandmuseums,butmysafariintodesertwasbyfarthe10．(attract)part语法填空Iwantedtodosomethingspecialformy15－year－oldson,whohasalwaysbeenaperfectboyHeworkedallsummertoearnenoughmoneytobuy1．(he)anewracing－bicycleinsteadofaskingformoneyfrommeThenhespenthoursandhoursonitIlovedmysonsomuch2．IboughthimapairofsunglassesandglovesWhenmysonrodetheracing－bicyclewiththem,helookedverycoolHedreamed3．takingpartinaraceandwinningOnNovember10th,mybirthday,whenIwenttothekitchentostartthemilkandbreadinthemorning,Ifound4．beautifulguitaronthetable,besidewhichwasacard,5．(say),“Happybirthdaytomywonderfulmother”IwassurprisedandthenbegantosobIrememberedonceI6．(joke)tomyfamilythatIwantedtolearnplayingtheguitartomakemylifecolorfulIhad7．(forget)it,butmysonrememberedHetookit8．(serious),andboughtmeoneasabirthdaygiftWhenIwondered9．mysoncouldbuythisexpensivegift,soonIrealizedthatmysonhadsoldhisracing－bicycle10．(get)metheguitarSectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)根据短文内容，从下框A~F选项中选出能概括每段主题的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余项。A．Classroomparticipation

B．DifferencesinAmericanuniversityeducation

C．Examinationsystem

D．Competitionamongstudents

E.Honestpolicyinstudents’schoolwork

F.Students’responsibilityforlearning

1、ThereisconsiderablevarietyinuniversityclassroomsintheUnitedStates.Becauseofdiverseteachingmethodsandnon-standardizedcurricula(课程),notwocoursesarethesame.Undergraduatecoursesareconsiderabledifferentfromgraduatecourses.Theclassroomatmosphereinexpensive,privateuniversitiesmaydifferfromthatincommunitycolleges，whicharefreeandopentoeveryone.2、Participationintheclassroomisnotonlyacceptedbutalsoexpectedofthestudentinmanycourses.Someprofessorsbasepartofthefinalgradeonthestudent’soralparticipation.Althoughthereareformallecturesduringwhichthestudenthasapassiverole(i.e.,listeningandtakingnotes),manycoursesareorganizedaroundclassroomdiscussions,studentquestions,andinformallectures.3、Manyteachersbelievethattheresponsibilityforlearninglieswiththestudent.(Coursesarenotdesignedmerelyforstudentstopassexams.)Theidealstudentisconsideredtobeonewhoismotivatedtolearnforthesakeoflearning,nottheoneinterestedonlyingettinghighgrades.4、Ideally,theteacher-studentrelationshipatuniversitiesischaracterizedbytrust.Thus,cheatingontests,Plagiarizing(抄袭)inwrittenwork,presentingother’sideasasoriginal,andturninginhomeworkcompletedbysomeoneelseareallprohibited(禁止).5、Relationshipsbetweenstudentsintheclassroomcanbecooperativeorcompetitive.Internationalstudentsshouldnothesitatetoaskforhelpifitisneeded.inclasseswheresuchagradingcurveisused,studentsmaybereluctanttosharelecturenotesorinformationforfearthattheirowngradeswillsuffer.1、Sometimestheytrytogetoutofaclasstoescapeateachertheydon’tlike.Hereissomeadvicetosolvethisproblem.Askyourself,“WhatcanIlearnfromthisteacher?”Evenifyoudon’tworship(崇拜)hisorherpersonalityorlectures,digdeepuntilyoufindasubjectinwhichheorsheisveryknowledgeable.Focusonthatpartoftheteacher’sper