比较等级和比较结构课件

Comparison

andComparativeCo比n较st等r级uc和ti比o较n

结构12023/9/212原级：

Positive

Degree2023/9/213比较级：Comparative最高级：SuperlativeDegreeDegree1.形容词和副词的比较等级形容词比较级和最高级的规则形式：“综合形式”：由原级后加后缀

–er

和

–est

构成kind

kinder

kindest“分析形式”：在原级之前加more和most构成 difficult

more

difficultmo副st词d的if比fi较cu级lt和最高级的规则形式的构成与形容词的比较级和最高级基本相似。单音节副词通常采用综合形式。以–ly结尾的副词以及某些频度副词则多采用分析形式。2023/9/2542.比较结构2023/9/255形容词和副词比较等级用于句子当中便形成比较结构（Comparative

Construction）。英语比较结构主要的有三种：as…as结构，more…than结构和the

most…结构。英语中有几个不定限定词和不定代词也有原级、比较级和最高级。它们是many

/

much，more，most；few，fewer，fewest；little，less，least。它们用在句中也能形成比较结构。1. as…as结构2023/9/256这种结构的基本模式是：as

+形容词或副词原级

+ as-分句。John

is

as

bright

as

Bob.John

behaves

as

politely

as

Bob

(does).这种比较结构的否定形式是：not

so

/

as

+形容词或副词原形

+ as-分句。还可以用less…than结构来表示：John

is

less

bright

than

Bob.John

behaves

less

politely

thanBobas…as结构的另一种模式是：as

much

/

many

+名词+as-分句，这时many

/

much是限定词。例如：He

took

as

much

butter

as

he

needed.2023/9/257She

has

written

as

many

essays

as

her

brother

(has).否定形式是：He

didn’t

take

so

/

as

much

butter

as

he

needed.She

hasn’t

written

so

/

as

many

essays

as

herbrother

(has).as…as结构还有一个变体形式：as

+ 形容词原级

+ 名词词组

+ as-分句。George

is

as

efficient

a

worker

as

Jack.Hardly

ever

have

I

heard

as

impressive

music

asthis.2.

more…than结构2023/9/258这种结构的基本模式是：形容词或副词比较级

+

than-分句。例如：John

is

brighter

than

Bob.这种比较结构的否定形式是用less…than表示：This

car

runs

less

fast

than

that

one.也可用not

so

/ as…as表示：This

car

doesn’t

run

so

/

as

fast

as

that

one.more…than结构的另一种模式是：限定词more

/

less

/fewer

+ 名词

+ that-分句。例如：She

has

written

more

essays

than

he.2023/9/259more…than结构的另一种变体形式是“定冠词+形容词或副词比较级+of-词组”。例如：John

is

the

brighter

of

the

two

boys.more…than结构也有其变体形式，其中之一是：形容词比较级

+ 名词

+ that-分句。例如：John

is

a

more

efficient

worker

thanJack.可转换为名词词组

+

more…than结构作后置修饰语。John

is

a

worker

more

efficient

than

Jack.3.

“（the）+ 形容词／副词最高级

+2023/9/2510比较范围”结构如果是三个或三个以上的人或物进行比较，就要使用形容词和副词的最高级。This

is

the

most

interesting

book

I

have

everr表ea示d.“最高级”的相反意义可用the

least…结构。This

is

the

least

difficult

bookI’veever

read.在一定上下文中，最高级含义也可用其他结构来表示。例如：George

did

more

work

this

morning

thananyone

else.

(=

George

did

the

most

work.)I

like

nothing

better.

(=

It’s

the

bestthing

I

like.)ExerciseFill

in

an

appropriate

comparative

construction:1.

He

lookedaas

nervousall

otherbrick

wall.

(nearsvous)2.

Mont

Blanc

ishigher

than3A.lpiYnoeu’preeaksf.ar(mhoirgeh)tolerant

than4I.aHmo.ne(ytoilserjaunstt)

aboutas

sweet

as

s5u.gaDro.es(ns’wetetA)lex

look a

littleunbhiatnppier

thanhe

did

last

week?

(unhappy)2023/9/25113.关于比较结构用法的补充说明2023/9/25121.

more...than 和less...

than 的翻译方法例如：The

present

crisis

is

much

more

apolitical

than

an

economic

crisis.当前的危机与其说是经济危机，不如说是政治危机。He

was

less

hurt

than

frightened.与其说他受伤害，不如说他受惊吓。2.

not

so...

as

和

not

so

much...asIt

wasn't

so

much

his

appearance

I

likedas

his

personality.与其说我喜欢他的外表，不如说我喜欢他的为人。3.

not

more/-er

than

与

no

more/-er

thanJohnisnot

better

thanTom.Johnisno

better

than又例如：no

ricTom.her

than=as

poor

asno

biggerthan=as

small

asno

later

than=asearly

as132023/9/25the

more...

the

more

与

more

and

morethe

more 相当于“越... 越...”The

older

I

get,

the

happier

Iammo.re

and

more

常用来表示“越来越...

”John

speaks

French

more

and

morefluently.2023/9/2514Exercise2023/9/2515Translate

the

following

sentences

into

Chinese:I

regard

him

less

as

my

teacher

than

as

my

fr与ie其nd说.我把他当作老师，不如说我把他当作朋友。It