【课件】选修一Unit1DiscoveringUsefulStructures（定语从句）

Unit1LearningAboutLanguageDiscoverusefulstructures学习目标：1.复习定语从句基本构成与用法；2.限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的区别；3.课堂巩固练习4.高考链接Havea1.Thisyear'sNobelPrizeforPhysiologyorMedicinehasbeenawardedtoTuYouyou(co-winner),

whoseresearchledtothediscoveryofartemisinin,

acrucialnewtreatmentformalaria.2.Inthebeginning,TuYouyouwenttoHainan,

wheremalariawasmorecommon,tostudymalariapatients.3.Later,themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients,

mostofwhomrecovered.4.TuYouyouwasawardedtheNobelPrize,

whichis

consideredoneofthehighestinternational

honoursapersoncanreceive.Fillintheblanks.1.Thisyear'sNobelPrizeforPhysiologyorMedicinehasbeenawardedtoTuYouyou(co-winner),

______researchledtothediscoveryofartemisinin,

acrucialnewtreatmentformalaria.2.Inthebeginning,TuYouyouwenttoHainan,

______

malariawasmorecommon,tostudymalariapatients.3.Later,themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients,

_____________recovered.4.TuYouyouwasawardedtheNobelPrize,_______isconsideredoneofthehighestinternationalhonoursapersoncanreceive.whosewheremostofwhomwhichgo

Ready?Focuson基本用法1.了解非限制性定语从句中关系词的使用规则及其与限制性定语从句的异同;2.能够正确理解并运用非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句Non-definingattributiveclauses(1)StPetersburg,whichisaverybeautifulcity,wasoncecalledLeningrad.(2)YesterdayImetLiPing,whoseemedtobevery

busy.(3)HecametotheUnitedStatesin1914,whenWorld

WarⅠbrokeout.(4)Singapore,whereIhavelivedtenyears,isaniceplace.(5)TheQueenwillvisitthetowninMay,whenshewill

openthenewhospital.1.同限制性定语从句一样，非限制性定语从句也可由关系代词/关系副词引导，但从句中的关系词不可省略，关系代词that和关系副词why不可用于非限制性定语从句。(1)Beijing,whichisthecapitalofChina,hasaverylonghistory.(2)Itoldhimtoseeadoctor,whichadvicehetook.(3)ThisisNewYork,whichIhavevisitedforseveraltimes.(4)HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,which

greatlyupsetsme.(5)Hewaslateagain,whichmadetheteachervery

unhappy.注：which引导的非限制性定语从句，其先行词可以是主句中的一个名词（指物），也可以是整个句子；which在从句中可作主语、宾语或定语等，不可省略。which指Beijing，在从句中作主语which指前面的整个主句，在从句作定语，不可省略which指NewYork,在从句作宾语，不可省略which指前面的整个主句,在从句作主语which指前面的整个主句，在从句作主语(1)TaiwanbelongstoChina,asisknown.(2)Thingswillturnoutcontrarytoone'swishes,as/whichisoftenthecase.(3)Asthesayinggoes,“Ayear'sworkbeginswithspring.”注：as可以像which一样引导一个定语从句修饰整个先行主句，而不是某一个单词，常常可以译为“正如，正像；这”，而which一般译为“这”；as是关系词中唯一可以置于句首的关系词。众所周知，台湾是属于中国的。事与愿违，这是常有的事。正如俗语所说，一年之计在于春。(1)Thecar,forwhichIpaidalotofmoney,isnowoutofdate.(2)Isuggestyougotoaspecialist,from

whomyoucangetanswerstomostof

yourquestions.(3)Inthischapter,oneofourproblemsistodiscovertheprinciplesonwhichthese

testsarebased.2.介词+关系代词也可引导非限制性定语从句，但在这种定语从句中，介词通常前置，关系代词也不可省略。(1)Manyyoungpeople,mostofwhomwere

well-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.(2)Thisisthehouse,thewindowofwhich

brokelastnight.(3)Thepeople,allofwhosehomeshadbeen

damagedbytheflood,weregivenhelpbytheRedCross.3.名词/代词/数词+of+whom/which引导的非限制性定语从句。

注：whose+n.(人/物)=the+n.+ofwhom/which=ofwhom/which+the+n.restrictiverelativeclausesnon-restrictiverelativeclause1.Isawtheguywhodelivers

mymailintownyesterday.2.I'llalwaysremembertheriverwherewelearnedto

swim.3.Doyouknowthereason

whytheskyisblue?4.She'sthepersonwhose

daughtergoestoHarvard.1.Paris,

whereIspentsix

monthsstudying,isthemostbeautifulcityintheworld.2.Thewomandownthestreet,

whosechildrenarethesame

ageasyours,invitedusoverfordinnernextweek.3.Themovie,whichismy

favoritecomedyofalltime,isbeingshownonTVtomorrownight.whichguy?whichriver?thereasonforwhat?whichperson?若去掉，句子含义不明确若去掉，不影响句子含义无逗号与主句隔开有逗号与主句隔开Howrestrictiverelativeclauses

differfromnon-restrictiverelativeclause?(1)Thisisthephoto_____________Itook.(2)Thisisthepen______________heboughtyesterday.

(3)Sheisthewoman_______________Iknow.(4)Thisisthebook_____________

youaskedfor.(5)That'sthereason_______heisleavingsoearly.(6)Theshedinourgarden,_________myfatherbuiltmanyyearsago,haslastedforalongtime.(7)ShemarriedJoe,________surprisedeveryone.(8)Theriver,________isnowcleanenoughtoswimin,waspollutedseveralyearsago.(9)Theauthorofthebook,________Imetatapartylastweek,provedtobeawell-knownjournalist.Fillintheblanksandcompare.

(which/that)

(which/that)(who/whom/that)(that/which)whywhichwhichwhichwhom(1)Thisisthephoto_____________Itook.(2)Thisisthepen____________heboughtyesterday.

(3)Sheisthewoman______________Iknow.(4)Thisisthebook_____________

youaskedfor.(5)That'sthereason_______heisleavingsoearly.(which/that)

(which/that)(who/whom/that)(that/which)why(6)Theshedinourgarden,________myfatherbuiltmanyyearsago,haslastedforalongtime.(7)ShemarriedJoe,________surprisedeveryone.(8)Theriver,________isnowcleanenoughtoswimin,waspollutedseveralyearsago.(9)Theauthorofthebook,________Imetatapartylastweek,provedtobeawell-knownjournalist.whichwhichwhichwhom引导词对比小结1)关系代词that不能引导非限制性定语从句；2)非限制性定语从句的关系代词在任何情况下都不可省略；3)关系副词why不引导非限制性定语从句。Fillintheblanksandcompare.Translatethefollowingsentencesandcompare.(1)CharlesSmith,

whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.

(2)Theyrelyonthemselves,whichismuch

better.

(3)MysisterwhoworksinShanghaisendsme

anemailalmosteveryday.

(4)Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolen.

CharlesSmith去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。他们依靠自己，这样好的多。我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。他就是汽车被窃的那个人。Translatethefollowingsentencesandcompare.(1)CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.CharlesSmith去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。(2)Theyrelyonthemselves,whichismuchbetter.他们依靠自己，这样好的多。(3)Mysisterwhoworksin

Shanghaisendsmeanemailalmosteveryday.我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。(4)Heisthemanwhosecar

wasstolen.他就是汽车被窃的那个人。翻译对比小结1)非限制性定语从句通常译成主句的并列句；2)限制性定语从句译成先行词的定语：“……的”。Rewritethesentencesusingnon-restrictiverelativeclauses.EXAMPLEThebooktellsusaboutAlexanderFleming.Hediscoveredpenicillin.ThebooktellsusaboutAlexanderFleming,

whodiscovered

penicillin.1.Wewereveryimpressedbytheoldman.Hewasnotwillingtoacknowledgedefeat.2.Afterwards,EinsteinhadtofleeGermany.Hitlerwasinpowerthere.3.ThereisnothingwecandotohelpLinda.Hercircumstancesarebeyondourcontrol.4.Theteacheraskedustolistentoaspeechbyhisfavouritenovelist,J.K.Rowling.Itinspiredusalot.5.ThebuildingunderconstructionwasdesignedbyI.M.Pei-afamousChinese-Americanarchitect.HewasborninGuangzhou,China.6.Iwasaskedtoexplaintheprojectwiththehelpofaflowchart.Itwasabigchallengeforme.P521.Wewereveryimpressedbytheoldman.Hewasnotwillingtoacknowledgedefeat.2.Afterwards,EinsteinhadtofleeGermany.Hitlerwasinpowerthere.3.ThereisnothingwecandotohelpLinda.Hercircumstancesarebeyondourcontrol.4.Theteacheraskedustolistentoaspeechbyhisfavouritenovelist,J.K.Rowling.Itinspiredusalot.5.ThebuildingunderconstructionwasdesignedbyI.M.Pei-afamousChinese-Americanarchitect.HewasborninGuangzhou,China.6.Iwasaskedtoexplaintheprojectwiththehelpofaflowchart.Itwasabigchallengeforme.Checkyouranswers.Wewereveryimpressedbytheoldman,whowasnotwilling

toacknowledgedefeat.Afterwards,EinsteinhadtofleeGermany,whereHitlerwasin

power.ThereisnothingwecandotohelpLinda,whose

circumstancesarebeyondourcontrol.

Theteacheraskedustolistentoaspeechbyhisfavouritenovelist,J.K.Rowling,whichinspiredusalot.ThebuildingunderconstructionwasdesignedbyI.M.Pei-afamousChinese-Americanarchitect,whowasbornin

Guangzhou,China.Iwasaskedtoexplaintheprojectwiththehelpofaflowchart,whichwasabigchallengeforme.Workingroups.Completethesentencesusingnon-restrictiverelative

clauses

togiveextrainformation.Thensharethemwithyourgroupmembers.P53EXAMPLEI'dliketotry…,…I'dliketotrythatChineseherbalmedicineagain,whichseemstoworkbestformycough.1.Iwouldliketotravelaround…,…2.Whatimpressedmemost…,...3.Myfavouritescientistis…,…4.Finally,wearrivedat…,…5.Mygrandparentslikegoingforoutingsinspring,…6.Iwishtoobtain…,…7.Mybestfriend…,…Possibleanswers.7.Mybestfriend…,…1.Iwouldliketotravelaround…,…2.Whatimpressedmemost…,...3.Myfavouritescientistis…,…4.Finally,wearrivedat…,…5.Mygrandparentslikegoingforoutingsinspring,…6.Iwishtoobtain…,…IwouldliketotravelaroundChina,whosefoodisverydelicious.WhatimpressedmemostwastheStudentActivity,whereIgotlotsofinformation.MyfavouritescientistisAlbertEinstein,whoisperhapsthegreatestscientistinmodernphysics.Finally,wearrivedatthepeakofMountTai,wherewecan

overlookthebeautifulscenery.Mygrandparentslikegoingforoutingsinspring,whenthe

temperatureiscomfortable.Iwishtoobtainsomeusefulinformationaboutthisdisease,whichcanhelphimgetbettertreatment.MybestfriendisSophia,whoismyclassmate.限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，使先行词区别于同类其他事物；主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开。引导词：关系代词和关系副词，作宾语时一些关系代词可以省略非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影