Unit5知识点提要牛津译林版八年级英语下册

8BUnit5知识点提要词汇打断(谈话),插嘴（短语）cutin(onsb./sth.)★不要打断别人。Don’tcutinonothers.礼貌地adv.politely比较级：more~最高级：themost~礼貌的adj.polite8AU1比较级：r最高级：thest不礼貌的adj.impolite=rude比较级：more~最高级：themost~不礼貌地adv.impolitely比较级：more~最高级：themost~区分：[复]礼貌，礼仪，规矩n.*mannerslitter乱丢杂物v.→三单：s→过去式：ed→现分：ing→过分：ed&垃圾，杂物不可n.=rubbish（不可n.）★禁止乱丢杂物Nolittering.=Don’tdroplitter.★到处扔垃圾droplittereverywhere区分：废料，废品不可n.8AU1;浪费(v.&n.)waste污染，污染物不可n.8AU1pollution流动v.run→三单：s→★过去式：ran→▲现分：running→★过分：run★使水龙头一直流水leave/keepthetaprunning采，摘v.&挑选v.8BU3pick→三单：s→过去式：ed→现分：ing→过分：ed★采花pickflowers摘桃pickpeaches★把它捡起来pickitup★开车接送你pickyouup区分3个词：lift=raisev.举起，抬高；提高handv.交；递，给pickv.采，摘v.&挑选轮流，(轮流的)顺序可n.turn(a/s)区分：(人、车等)排队等候v.queue★排队等候轮到某人queueforone’sturn★轮到谁做某事了？Whoseturnisittodosth.?★轮到某人做某事了。It’sone’sturntodosth.★轮流take/byturns=inturn我们轮流拿食物。Wetaketurnstogetourfood.=Wegetourfoodbyturns/inturn.符合习俗的；正确的adj.proper比较级：er最高级：theest区分：目的可n.purpose(a/—s)★以正确的方式ina/theproperway符合习俗地；正确地adv.properly与某人握手（短语）shakesb.’shand(s)=shakehand(s)withsb.亲吻可n.kiss★(a/es)亲密的；严密的adj.close比较级：r最高级：thest★与...关系亲密/离...近becloseto...★住得离...近livecloseto...★亲密的朋友closefriends★密切地adv.closely8BU6比较级：more~最高级themost~★和...密切合作workcloselywith...(非正式)交谈，谈话可n.conversation(a/s)★开始交谈start/begina/theconversation★与某人交谈haveaconversationwithsb.★一次面对面的谈话afacetofaceconversation避免v.avoid→三单：s→过去式：ed→现分：ing→过分：ed★★★避免做某事avoiddoingsth.★避免错误avoidmistakes话题；主题可n.subject(a/s)public公共的，公开的adj.&民众不可n.形近词区分：出版v.publish★公共场所publicplaces★公共标志publicsigns★民众thepublic公开地，在别人面前（短语）inpublic=publicly推，挤v.&按v.push→▲三单：es→过去式：ed→现分：ing→过分：ed反义词：拉pull插队，加塞（短语）①pushin②cutin也译“打断(谈话),插嘴”③jumpthequeue挡住某人的路（短语）inone’sway挡路intheway[拓展]与way有关的短语①在某人去...的途中onone’swayto...在我回家途中onmywayhome在途中ontheway②顺便问/说一下bytheway③在某种程度上insomeways④以这种方式inthisway⑤尽管，即使这样anyway⑥<口>不可能。Noway.感动，触动8BU4&触摸，碰8BU5v.touch▲→三单：es→过去式：ed→现分：ing→过分：ed与某人保持联系keepintouchwithsb.原谅，宽恕v.&借口n.excuse→三单：s→▲过去式：d→现分：ing→▲过分：d劳驾（短语）excuseme到...时，直到...为止conj.till8BU5=until8BU4★直到...才...not...until...[典型例题]()．—AnotherthreeChineseastronautshavearrivedinTiangongspacestation.Whenwilltheyeback?—Notuntiltheirtask________insixmonths.A．finishes B．willfinish C．willbefinished D．isfinishedaswell=(,)too也(肯定句末)also也(肯定句中)either也(否定句末)aswellas...①以及...②和...一样好大声地adv.loudly比较级：more~最高级：themost~★大声说话speakloudlyloud大声地adv.8AU7&响亮的；大声的；喧闹的adj.8AU8比较级：er最高级：theest★★★事实胜于雄辩。/行动胜过语言。Facts/Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.as①正如，如同★正如谚语所说，......asthesayinggoes,......②作为befamousas...作为...而著名③因为as=for=since=because④当...的时候as=when=while⑤随着astimegoesby,随着时光流逝，⑥按照WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.入乡随俗。⑦和...一样adj./adv.、不如...adj./adv.肯定句系v.＋asadj.原级as...和...一样adj./adv.非系v.＋asadv.原级as...否定句系v.not＋as/soadj.原级as...不如...adj./adv.非系v.not＋as/soadv.原级as...偶然，意外地（短语）byaccident=bychance故意地onpurpose讨论可n.discussion(a/—)常用单数讨论v.discuss★(与某人)讨论关于某事haveadiscussion(withsb.)about/on/insth.★正在讨论中underdiscussion与某人讨论(某事)discuss(sth.)withsb.表达v.express→▲三单：es→过去式：ed→现分：ing→过分：ed★清楚地表达自己expressoneselfclearly形近词区分：表现v.behave解释v.explain解释v.explain→三单：s→过去式：ed→现分：ing→过分：ed向某人解释某事explainsth.tosb.解释n.explanation使A远离B&保护A免受B（短语）keep/stop/preventAfromB使某人安全远离危险keepsb.safefromdanger★阻止A做B(3种)keepAfromdoingBstopA(from)doingBpreventA(from)doingB警告，告诫v.warn→三单：s→过去式：ed→现分：ing→过分：ed★★★警告某人(不要)做某事(2种)warnsb.(not)todosth.=warnsb.againstdoingsth.提醒/警告某人关于某事warnsb.about/ofsth.形近词区分：软体虫，蠕虫可n.worm(a/s)停车不可n.parking★禁止停车(2种)Noparking.=Don’tpark.成功的adj.successful比较级：more~最高级：themost~成功地adv.successfully成功v.succeed成功n.success8BU4★取得巨大的成功beagreatsuccess★做某事成功succeedindoingsth.不久以后（短语）soonafter冒险做某事（短语）★★★riskdoingsth.→三单：~s→三态：risk~ed~ed→现分：~ing★★★避免做某事avoiddoingsth.痛，疼痛可n.pain(a/s)区分：收获n.gain★一份耕耘，一份收获。Nopain(s),nogain(s).练习；实践可n.practice(a/—s)常用单数★熟能生巧。Practicemakesperfect.★社会实践socialpractice★练习(做)某事practice(doing)sth.蜡烛可n.candle(a/s)★吹灭蜡烛blowoutthecandles目的可n.purpose(a/s)★(做)某事的目的(是什么)？(What’s)thepurposeof(doing)sth?回答用To...故意地onpurpose偶然，意外地byaccident=bychance客人，宾客可n.guest(a/—s)区分：主人；主持可n.host(a/s)首要的是（短语）aboveall带*号[复]礼貌，礼仪，规矩n.*manners★良好的礼仪/有礼貌goodmannerspolite★没有礼貌badmannersimpolite★餐桌礼仪tablemanners水龙头；旋塞可n.*tap(a/s)遵守，顺从v.obey→三单：s→过去式：ed→现分：ing→过分：ed★遵守交通规则obey/followtrafficrules违反v.disobey(人、车等)排队等候v.queue→三单：s→▲过去式：d→现分：queuing→▲过分：d排队等候轮到某人queueforone’sturn&队列n.queue排队be/wait/standinaqueue/line插队jumpthequeue=pushin=cutin插队者queuejumper问候，打招呼v.greet→三单：s→过去式：ed→现分：ing→过分：ed以...的方式跟某人打招呼greetsb.with...问候可n.greeting(a/s)表现v.behave→★三单：behaves→▲过去式：behaved→现分：behaving→▲过分：behaved★表现礼貌/正确/良好behavepolitely/properly/nicely行为，举止可n.behaviour(a/s)撞，碰v.bump→三单：s→过去式：ed→现分：ing→过分：ed★撞到/偶遇...bumpinto/against...谚语，格言可n.saying(a/s)★正如谚语所说，...asthesayinggoes,...罗马人可n.Roman★(a/Romans)★入乡随俗。WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.软体虫，蠕虫可n.worm(a/s)收获可n.gain(a/s)★不劳无获。/一份耕耘，一份收获。Nopain(s),nogain(s).真正地adv.indeed患难见真情。Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.主人；主持可n.host(a/s)内容；目录可n.content(a/s)总结，归纳可n.conclusion(a/s)形近词区分：★得出结论drawaconclusion★不要急于下结论。Don’tjumptoanyconclusion.总结，归纳可n.(a/s)conclusion(v.conclude)(非正式)交谈，谈话可n.(a/s)conversation交流，交际不可n.munication(v.municate)竞赛，比赛可n.(a/s)；竞争不可n.petition(v.pete)讨论可n.(a/s)discussion(v.discuss)谈论；演讲v./可n.(a/s)talk聊天v./可n.(a/s)chat条件，状况可n.(a/s)condition教材英文释义总结★proper(rightorcorrect)greet(sayhellotosomeoneorwelethem)conversation(asmalltalk)avoid(trynottodosth.)bump(hitsomeoneorsomethingbyaccident)重要短语、句子icstrips—Weletotheunit部分与某人分享某物sharesth.withsb.活到老，学到老benevertoooldtolearn使图书馆保持整洁keepthelibraryclean在图书馆里保持安静keepquietinthelibrary★使某人/某物处于某种状态leave/keepsb./sth.＋adj./doing使某人独处leavesb.alone/byoneself/onone’sown恐怕不行。I’mafraidnot.恐怕如此。I’mafraidso.还有别的吗？Anythingelse？Reading部分当英国人第一次见到你的时候，他们通常与你握手。Britishpeopleusuallyshakeyourhandwhentheymeetyouforthefirsttime.英国人仅仅和亲戚或亲密的朋友以亲吻的方式打招呼。Britishpeopleonlygreetrelativesorclosefriendswithakiss.英国人不喜欢在别人面前喊叫或放声大笑。Britishpeopledon’tliketoshoutorlaughloudlyinpublic.Grammar部分（无）Integratedskills部分这张毕加索的著名绘画thisfamouspaintingbyPicasso给它拍张照片takeaphotoofitStudyskills部分坚持练习说英语keeppracticingspeakingEnglish实现某人的梦想（3种）realize/achieveone’sdream=makeone’sdreametrueTask部分许多关于餐桌礼仪的规则alotofrulesontablemanners当做某事的时候when/whiledoingsth.张着嘴/闭着嘴withone’smouthopen/closed越过某人的盘子去够某物reachoversomeone’splateforsomething我们应该知道这些规则以确保桌上的客人和主人都是舒服的。Weshouldknowtheserulestomakesurethatbothguestsandhostsarefortableatthetable.语言点英语谚语（12句）★★★★★WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.入乡随俗。Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.早起的鸟儿有虫吃。Itneverrainsbutitpours.（贬义）祸不单行。Manyhandsmakelightwork.人多力量大。/众人拾柴火焰高。Everydoghasitsday.凡人皆有得意日。Putallyoureggsinonebasket.孤注一掷。Thegrassisalwaysgreenerontheotherside.别人的总比自己的好。/邻家芳草绿。Facts/Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.事实胜于雄辩。/行动胜过语言。Nopain(s),nogain(s).不劳无获。/一份耕耘，一份收获。Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.患难见真情。Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧。Burnthecandleatbothsides.过度劳累。[典型例题]()1.—TheexchangestudentfromtheUKhaslearnttousechopstickstoeatChinesefood.—Oh,really?Justasthesayinggoes,________.A.loveme,lovemydog B.wherethereisawill,thereisawayC.wheninRome,doastheRomansdo D.actionsspeaklouderthanwords()2．—Areyoualwaysthefirsttoetostudyinthelibrary?—UsuallyIam.________.A．Everydoghasitsday B．TheearlybirdcatchesthewormC．Manyhandsmakelightwork D．Afriendinneedisafriendindeed()3．Ohboy!Youcan’tbelievethetroubleIhadtoday.Myalarmclockdidn’tgooff,soImissedBiologyclass.Then,Ilostmyhomeworkformath.Atlunchtime,IfoundI’dleftmywalletathome.___________.A．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords B．Nopain,nogainC．Everydoghasitsday D．Itneverrainsbutitpours()4．—Ican’tbelievetheepidemic（疫情）inChinahasbeenunderbettercontrolinsuchashorttime.—AlltheChinesepeopleworktogethertofighttheepidemic.Justasthesayinggoes,“_______”.A．Don’tputallyoureggsinonebasketB．PracticemakesperfectC．ManyhandsmakelightworkD．Theearlybirdcatchestheworm()5．—IneverthoughtEddiedidsogoodajobinthepetition.—Howluckyheis!Justasthesayinggoes“________”.A．Everydoghasitsday B．PracticemakesperfectC．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords D．Theearlybirdcatchestheworm()6．—Ilostmywalletlastweek,what’sworse,allmypocketmoneywasinit.—Thatis________.WeshouldlearntheimportanceofavoidingriskswithaplanB．A．Everydoghasitsday B．Neveroffertoteachfishtoswim.C．Itneverrainsbutitpours. D．Don’tputallyoureggsinonebasket()7a．—Mycousin’sschoolissogreat!ShehasmuchlesshomeworkthanIdo.—________.Maybeyourschoolisbetterthanhersinsomeotherways.A．Seeingisbelieving B．AfriendinneedisafriendindeedC．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords D．Thegrassisalwaysgreenerontheotherside()7b．—Myparentsalwaysthink“________.”—Notexactlythecase,theyjustencourageyoutobebetterinthisway.A．EverydoghasitsdayB．ManyhandsmakelightworkC．ToomanycooksspoilthebrothD．Thegrassisalwaysgreenerontheotherside()8．—MrWu,I’msorrytomakesomanymistakes.IpromiseIwillspendmoretimeonEnglish.—Tom,rememberthat________.Youshouldreallydowhatyousayyouwilldo.A．everydoghasitsday B．manyhandsmakelightworkC．itneverrainsbutitpours D．actionsspeaklouderthanwords()9.—OurathletesgotninegoldsinBeijingWinterOlympics!—_________Theytrainedhardallthetime.A.Nopain,nogain.B.Manyhandsmakelightwork.C.Itneverrainsbutitpours.D.Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.()10．____________.Crystalismybestfriend.EverytimeI’minorder,shewilleandhelpme.Nopain,nogain. B．AfriendinneedisafriendindeedC．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords D．Thegrassisalwaysgreenerontheotherside()11.Justasthesayinggoes,“________.”IfyoukeeppractisingspeakingEnglish,you’llbebetteratit.A.Practicemakesperfect B.BurnthecandleatbothendsC.Itneverrainsbutitpours D.Manyhandsmakelightwork()12．—IhavespentseveralnightsgoingoverwhatIhavelearnt.—It’sbadforyoutostayuplate.Asthesayinggoes,“________”A．Youarenevertoooldtolearn.B．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.C．Youcan’tburnthecandleatbothends.D．Youcan’tputallyoureggsinonebasket.publicsigns公共标志（听力题考点）禁止停车禁止吸烟禁止乱丢杂物禁止拍照★Noparking.=Don’tpark.★Nosmoking.=Don’tsmoke.★Nolittering.=Don’tdroplitter.★Nophotos.=Don’ttakephotos.提问[拓展]与time有关的短语①总是allthetime=always②有时fromtimetotime=attimes=sometimes③同时atthesametime④每次，一次atatime⑤在那时atthattime⑥始终atalltimes⑦准时ontime⑧及时intimesometime★某时whensometime一段时间howlongsometimes有时howoftensometimes几次/倍/遍howmanytimes[典型例题]()1.Myunclewille_______nextmonthandhewillstayherefor_______.A．sometime;sometimeB．sometime;sometimeC．sometimes;sometimeD．sometime;sometimes()2.MaybeourEnglishteacherwillaskustofinishhomework__________today.ButIguesshewill__________forgetitbecauseheisalwaysbusy.A．sometime;sometimesB．sometime;sometimesC．sometime;sometimeD．sometimes;sometimes()3.Torememberthewords,hespends__________copyingthem__________.A．sometimes;sometimeB．sometime;sometimeC．sometimes;sometimesD．sometime;sometimes()4.Ihavespent________onthisjob.IthinkIcanfinishit________thisafternoon.A．sometime;sometimeB．sometimes;sometimeC．sometime;sometime D．sometimes;sometime()5.Daniel,_______doyougotothefilm?Sometimes,ifIamfree.A.howlongB.howmanytimesC.howoftenD.howfar()6．—________doesyourgrandfatherwalkintheparkeveryday?—Threetimesaday.A.howlongB.howmanytimesC.howoftenD.howfar①★(not)todosth.祈使句，表命令：确保不做某事makesure“确保”②of＋Ving、代词(it/that)、名词③★(that)从句[典型例题]1.Makesure_______(finish)theworkinhalfanhour.2.—Whydidthetwogroupsstayuplatelastnight?—Tomakesure________(notlose)inthefinal.3.Besure_______(notforget)it.★AaswellasBA还有B谓v.的数取决于A，即就前原则[典型例题]1.Tom,aswellashisparents________(be)goingtothefarmonfoot.()2.—________heaswellashisbrotherfinishedreadingthefourgreatclassicalChinesenovels?—________.Butassoonastheyfinishedtheirhomework,theywillreadthemc