上海市高三英语下学期5月秋考押题试题06

上海市2021届高三英语下学期5月秋考押题试题06（满分140分，考试时间100分钟）II.GrammarandVocabulary(20分)SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.TheUnitedStatesofAmerica(monly(1)(refer)toastheUnitedStates,theU.S.,theUSA,theStatesorAmerica)isafederalconstitutionalrepublicprisingfiftystatesandafederaldistrict.ThecountryissituatedmostlyincentralNorthAmerica,(2)itsfortyeightcontiguousstatesandWashington,D.C.,thecapitaldistrict,lie(3)thePacificandAtlanticOceans,borderedbyCanadatothenorthandMexicotothesouth.ThestateofAlaskaisinthenorthwestofthecontinent,withCanadatoitseastandRussiatothewestacrosstheBeringStrait.At3.79millionsquaremiles(9.83millionkm²)andwithmorethan300millionpeople,theUnitedStatesisthethirdorfourth(4)(large)countrybytotalarea,andthirdlargestbylandareaandbypopulation.TheUnitedStatesisoneoftheworld'smostethnicallydiverseandmulticulturalnations,theproductoflargescaleimmigrationfrommanycountries.TheU.S.economyisthelargestnationaleconomyintheworld,withanestimated2008grossdomesticproduct(GDP)ofUS$14.3trillion.ThenationwasfoundedbythirteencoloniesofGreatBritainlocatedalongtheAtlanticseaboard.OnJuly4,1776,theyissuedtheDeclarationofIndependence,(5)proclaimedtheirindependencefromGreatBritainandtheirformationofacooperativeunion.Therebelliousstates(6)(defeat)GreatBritainintheAmericanRevolutionaryWar,thefirstsuccessfulcolonialwarofindependence.AfederalconventionadoptedthecurrentUnitedStatesConstitutiononSeptember17,1787;itsratificationthe(7)(follow)yearmadethestatespartofasinglerepublicwithastrongcentralgovernment.TheBillofRights,prisingtenconstitutionalamendmentsguaranteeingmanyfundamentalcivilrightsandfreedoms,wasratifiedin1791.Inthe19thcentury,theUnitedStatesacquiredlandfromFrance,Spain,theUnitedKingdom,Mexico,andRussia,andannexedtheRepublicofTexasandtheRepublicofHawaii.DisputesbetweentheagrarianSouthandindustrialNorthoverstates’rightsandtheexpansionoftheinstitutionofslaveryprovokedtheAmericanCivilWarofthe1860s.TheNorth'svictorypreventedapermanentsplitofthecountryandled(8)theendoflegalslaveryintheUnitedStates.Bythe1870s,(9)nationaleconomywastheworld'slargest.TheSpanish–AmericanWarandWorldWarIconfirmedthecountry'sstatusasamilitarypower.In1945,theUnitedStatesemergedfromWorldWarIIasthefirstcountry(10)(have)weapons,apermanentmemberoftheUnitedNationsSecurityCouncil,andafoundingmemberofNATO.TheendoftheColdWarlefttheUnitedStatesasthesolesuperpower.Thecountryaccountsforapproximately50%ofglobalmilitaryspendingandisaleadingeconomic,political,andculturalforceintheworld.SectionBDirections:pletethepassagewiththewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.catchupB.substituteC.advanceD.mittedE.exhaustedF.multitaskG.transferredcatchupB.substituteC.advanceD.mittedE.exhaustedF.multitaskG.transferredH.maintainingI.mentingK.challengeJ.embraceMyfriendHaleycalledmetheotherday.Shehadn'ttextedmein(11)_______to“findatime“tochat.NordidwehaveaZoomdateonthecalendar.Shejustupandcalledmeunannounced.Itwasthrilling,thisunscheduled,spontaneousconversationwithoutapurposeortheweightofaformal(12)________.Itfeltlikewheelingovertosomeoneintheofficetohearajoke.Iwasremindedofthatlargerorbitoffriendshipsoutsidetheinnercoreofthosewestillseeinperson,usuallybecausewelivewiththem.Thinkaboutallthoserelationshipsoncesustainedbyserendipityandproximity,nowstarvedbyayearofsocialdistancing.Inwhatmaybetheworld'slargestsociologicalexperiment,manyofushavehadtorelyalmostpletelyontechnologytotendtheseconnections.WenowhaveawholenewcadreofAppointmentFriendships.Andevenwith(13)________scheduling,it'snotreallyenough.ArecentstudyfromresearchersattheUniversityofNevada,LasVegas,confirmswhatwenowknowinour(14)________hearts:videocalls,texts,socialmedia,evenphonecallsareagreatsupplementtofacetofaceinteractions,buttheyaren'ta(n)(15)________.Contrarytowhatyoumightexpect,themoresophisticatedthetechnology,thelessitsatisfiesourneedforconnection.Researchersreportedthatthehumblephonecallwasassociatedwithdecreasesinstress,loneliness,andrelationshipdifficulties.Meanwhile,videochatswereassociatedwithincreasedstress,loneliness,anddifficultiesin(16)_________.Igetit,we’relessselfconsciousonthephone,andyoucan(17)_________andtalkmaybefoldlaundryoreatorboth.Withvideo,thatuncannyvalleyofalmostbeingtheretendstomakeyoulongfortherealthing.TheUNLVresearchersalsoreportedthatsocialmediaposting,(18)_________andsharingwasthe“modalitymoststronglyassociatedwithstress.“NooneislesssurprisedaboutallthisthanSherryTurkle,aclinicalpsychologistatM.I.T.She'sbeenstudyinghowtechnologyaffectsourcapacityforempathyandconnectionsincethefirstAppleputershowedupwithasmileyface,reportingherfindingsintwoseminalbooks“ReclaimingConversation”and“AloneTogether.”WhenIspoketoherafewweeksago,she’djustpublishedhermemoir,“TheEmpathyDiaries,”whichisaboutbeingoneofveryfewwomenatM.I.T.andonewhowaswillingto(19)________theenduringgospeloftheengineeringuniverse:thattechnologywouldsolvetheproblemsitcaused.Turklefinishedworkingonthisbookduringpandemicshutdowns,whichwereakintoarealworldtestofherlife'swork.Shewrites:Inthecrucibleofenforcedisolation,weexploredthelimitsofwhereourscreenscantakeusAstechnologybecameourlifeline,werealizedhowmuchwemissedthefull(20)______ofthehuman.III. ReadingprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.TodayweliveinaworldwhereGPSsystems,digitalmaps,andothernavigationappsareavailableonoursmartphones.(21)ofusjustwalkstraightintothewoodswithoutaphone.Butphones(22)onbatteries,andbatteriescandiefasterthanwerealize.Ifyougetlostwithoutaphoneorapass,andyou(23)can’tfindnorth,afewtrickstohelpyounavigate(24)tocivilization,oneofwhichistofollowtheland...Whenyoufindyourselfwell(25)atrail,butnotinapletely(26)area,youhavetoanswertwoquestions:Which(27)______isdownhill,inthisparticulararea?Andwhereisthenearestwatersource?Humansoverwhelminglyliveinvalleys,andonsuppliesoffreshwater.(28),ifyouheaddownhill,andfollowanyH2Oyoufind,youshould(29)seesignsofpeople.Ifyou’veexploredtheareabefore,keepaneyeoutforfamiliarsights—youmaybe(30)howquicklyidentifyingadistinctiverockortreecanrestoreyourbearings.Another(31):Climbhighandlookforsignsofhumanhabitation.(32),evenindenseforest,youshouldbeableto(33)gapsinthetreelineduetoroads,traintracks,andotherpathspeoplecarvethroughthewoods.Headtowardthesebreakstofindawayout.Atnight,scanthehorizonforartificiallightsources,suchasfiresandstreetlights,thenwalktowardtheglowoflightpollution.Finally,assumingyou’relostinanareahumanstendtofrequent,lookforthe(34)weleaveonthelandscape.Trailblazes,tiretracks,andotherfeaturescan(35)youtocivilization.A.SomeB.MostC.FewD.AllA.putB.takeC.runD.eA.formallyB.relativelyC.graduallyD.literallyB.nextC.aroundD.awayA.ontoB.offC.acrossD.aloneA.unattractiveB.uncrowdedC.unchangedD.unfamiliarA.siteB.pointC.awayD.placeA.SoB.YetC.InsteadD.BesidesA.immediatelyB.intentionallyC.unexpectedlyD.eventuallyA.surprisedB.annoyedfrightenedD.confusedA.problemB.optionC.viewD.resultA.AboveallB.IncontrastC.OnaverageD.ForexampleA.bridgeB.avoid C.spotD.separateA.memoriesB.marksC.notesD.belongingsA.restrictB.adoptC.leadD.exposeSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread(A)WhymakeafilmaboutNedKelly?MoreingeniouscrimethanthosemittedbytherecklessAustralianbanditarereportedveryday.WhatisthereinNedKellytojustifydraggingthemesmericMickJaggersofarintotheAustralianbushandawayfromhisnaturalhaunts?Theansweristhatthefilmmakersknowwealwaysfallforabandit,andJaggerissettodoforboldNedKellywhatBrandooncedidforthearrogantEmilianoZapata.Thebanditinhabitsaspecialrealmoflegendwherehisdeedsareembroideredbyothers;wherehisdeathratherthanhislifeisconsideredbeyondbelief;wherethemenwhobringhimto“justice”areafflictedwithdoubtsabouttheirrole.Thebanditshadaroletoplayasdefiniteasthatoftheauthoritieswhocondemnedthem.Theseweremeninconflictwithauthority,and,intheabsenceofstronglawortheideaofloyalopposition,theytooktothehills.Eventhere,however,manyofthemobeyedcertainunwrittenrules.Thererobbers,whoclaimedtobesomethingmorethanmerethieves,hadinmon,firstly,asenseofloyaltyandidentitywiththepeasantstheycamefrom.Theydidn’tstealthepeasant’sharvest;theydidstealthelord’s.Andcertaincharacteristicsseemtoapplyto“socialbandits”whethertheywereinSicilyorPeru.Theyweregenerallyyoungmenundertheageofmarriage,predictablythebestagefordissidence.Someweresimplythesurplusmalepopulationwhohadtolookforanothersourceofine;otherswererunwayserfsorexsoldiers;aminority,thoughthemostinteresting,wereoutstandingmenwhowereunwillingtoacceptthemeekandpassiveroleofpeasant.Theyusuallyoperatedinbandsbetweentenandtwentystrongandreliedforsurvivalondifficultterrainandbadtransport.Andbanditsproposedbestwhereauthoritywasmerelylocal—overthenexthillandtheywerefree.Unlikethegeneralrunofpeasantrytheyhadatasteforflamboyantdressandgesture;buttheyusuallysharedthepeasants’religiousbeliefsandsuperstitions.ThefirstsignofamancaughtupintheRobinHoodsyndromewaswhenhestartedout,forcedintooutlawryasavictimofinjustice;andwhenhethensetoutto“rightwrongs”,firsthisownandthenotherpeople’s.Theclassicbanditthen“takefromtherichandgivestothepoor”inconformitywithhisownsenseofsocialjustice;heneverkillsexceptinselfdefenseorjustifiableplace;hispeopleadmireandhelptoprotecthim;hediesthroughthetreasonofoneofthem;hebehavesasofinvisibleandinvulnerable;heisa“loyalist”,nevertheenemyofthekingbutonlyofthelocaloppressors.Noneofthebanditslivedupfullytothisimageofthe“noblerobber”andformanytheclaimoflargermotiveswasoftenadelusion.Yetamazingly,manyoftheseviolentmendidbehaveatleasthalfthetimeinaccordancewiththisidealistpattern.PanchoVillainMexicoandSalvatoreGiulianoinItalybegantheircareersharshlyvictimized.Manyoftheircharitableactslaterbecamelegends.Thebanditintherealworldisrootedinpeasantsocietyandwhenitssimpleagriculturalsystemisleftbehindsoishe.Butthetalesandlegends,thebooksandfilmscontinuetoappearforanaudiencethatisneitherpeasantnorbandit.Insomewaysthecharactersanddeedsofthegreatbanditscouldsoreadilybethestuffofgrandopera—DonJoseon“Carmen”isbasedontheAndalusianbanditElEmpranillo.Buttheyareperhapsmoreathomeinfolksongs,inpopulartalesandtheritualdramasoffilms.WhenwesitinthedarknessofthecinematowatchthebolddeedsofNedKellywearecaughtupinadmirationfortheirstrongindividuality,theirsimplegestureofprotest,theirpassionforjusticeandtheirconfidencethattheycannotbebeaten.Thissustainsusnearlyasmuchasitdidthealmosthopelesspeoplefromwhomtheysprang.36.WhichofthefollowingwordsisNOTintendedtosuggestapprovalofbandits?A.Bold(Para.1).B.Claimed(Para.4).C.Legend(Para.2).D.Loyalty(Para.4).37.OfthefollowingreasonswhichistheLEASTlikelyoneforbeingbandits?A.Theylikedtheatricalclothesandbehavior.B.Theywantedtohelpthepoorcountryfolk.C.Theywereunwillingtoacceptinjustice.D.Theyhadveryfewcareersopentothem.38.“…begantheircareersharshlyvictimized”(Par.9)meansthatthey_____.A.hadreceivedexcessiveilltreatmentB.wereseverelypunishedfortheircrimesC.tooktoviolencethroughasenseofinjusticeD.weremisunderstoodbytheirparentsandfriends39.Whathasmadebanditssuitableasfilmheroesisthatthey_____.A.aresuretheyareinvincibleB.possessatheatricalqualityC.retainthevirtuesofapeasantsocietyD.protestagainstinjusticeandinequality

(B)LiteraryFestivalsacrosstheWoldLondonBookFairTime:heldannuallyinAprilforthreedaysPlace:London,U.K.TheLondonBookFairisapartoftheLondonBook&ScreenWeek.Visitorsincludeanyonewhoisinvolvedwiththecreation,distribution,saleortreatmentofcontent.Authors,talentscouts（星探）,editors,designers,anddigitalgurus（领袖人物）allwalkthefloormeeting,talking,observing,discovering.It’sagreatopportunitytomeetallkindsofpeople.BookExpoAmericaTime:heldannuallyonMayorJuneforfourdaysPlace:variouscitiesintheU.S.Unlikemostbookfairs,BookExpoAmericadoesn’thaveabasecity.Itmovestodifferentplaceseveryyear——mostlybigcitiessuchasNewYork,Washington,LosAnglesandChicago.ItisthelargestgatheringintheUnitedStatesoflibrarians,booksellersandindustryprofessionals,aswellasagreatplacetodiscoverthelatesttrendsintechnologywhilenetworkingwithothersinthebusiness,Gotobooksigningsessions（签书会）withyourfavoriteauthors,andparticipateinpaneldiscussionswithtopwriterswhileyouenjoybreakfast.Withhundredsofparticipatingauthors,there’slotstodo,seeandread.FrankfurtBookFairTime:heldannuallyinOctoberforaweekPlace:Frankfurt,GermanyTheFrankfurtBookFairistheworld’sbiggestandoldestbookeventwithmorethan500yearsofhistory,yetitneverstopsdevelopingwithtime.Thematictoursareprovided,duringwhichtradevisitorsandthegeneralpubliccanlearnmoreabouttheFrankfurtBookFair.Ledbyexperts,thesetopicaltourstakeinterestedgroupstostandsandotherlocationsaroundthefairthatarerelevanttospecificthemes,suchaseducations,science,kids.WithourBookFairapp,visitorshavethepossibilitytotakeatimeindependent,thematictour.TokyointernationalBookFairTime:heldannuallyinSeptemberforthreedaysPlace:Tokyo,JapanBeingAsia’sleadingbookfair,theTokyoInternationalBookFairhasseveralsubcategories,includingtheNaturalSciencesBookFair,theHumanities&SocialSciencesBookFair,andtheChildren’sBook’sFair.Oneofthehighlightsoftheeventistheebooksexpo,whichshinesaspotlightonthefactthatpeople’sreadinghabitsareswitchingfromprintedbookstodigitalbooks.Besidesbookproducts,thenewestelearningsoftwareanddigitaltechnologiesarealsopresented.HowisBookExpoAmericadifferentfromtheotherthreebookfairs?Itisheldindifferentcitieseveryyear.Itattractsmanyfamouswriters.Itdisplaysthelatesttrendsintechnology.Itisthelongestannualbookfair.Whichbookfairproviderstoursofspecificthemes?TheLondonBookFair.BookExpoAmerica.TheFrankfurtBookFair.TheTokyoInternationalBookFair.WhatdoweknowabouttheTokyoInternationalBookFair?ItisthemostpopularbookfairinAsia.Itisagreatplaceforebooklovers.Itmainlyfocusesonnaturalsciencebooks.Itmainlydisplaysprintedbooksforschools.(C)Foryears,theU.S.hasexperiencedashortageofregisterednurses.TheBureauofLaborStatisticsprojectsthatwhilethenumberofnurseswillincreaseby19percentby2022,demandwillgrowfasterthansupply,andthattherewillbeoveronemillionunfillednursingjobsbythen.Sowhat'sthesolution?Robots.Japanisaheadofthecurvewhenitestothistrend.ToyohashiUniversityofTechnologyhasdevelopedTerapio,aroboticmedicalcartthatcanmakehospitalrounds,delivermedicationsandotheritems,andretrieverecords.Itfollowsaspecificindividual,suchasadoctorornurse,whocanuseittorecordandaccesspatientdata.Thistypeofrobotwilllikelybeoneofthefirsttobeimplementedinhospitalsbecauseithasfairlyminimalpatientcontact.Robotscapableofsocialengagementhelpwithlonelinessaswellascognitivefunctioning,buttherobotitselfdoesn'thavetoengagedirectly—itcanserveasanintermediaryforhumanmunication.TelepresencerobotssuchasMantaroBot,Vgo,andGiraffcanbecontrolledthroughaputer,smartphone,ortablet,allowingfamilymembersordoctorstoremotelymonitorpatientsorSkypethem,oftenviaascreenwheretherobot's'face'wouldbe.Ifyoucan'tgettothenursinghometovisitgrandma,youcanuseatelepresencerobottohangoutwithher.A2016studyfoundthatusershada"consistentlypositiveattitude"abouttheGiraffrobot'sabilitytoenhancemunicationanddecreasefeelingsofloneliness.Arobot'sappearanceaffectsitsabilitytosuccessfullyinteractwithhumans,whichiswhytheRIKENTRICollaborationCenterforHumanInteractiveRobotResearchdecidedtodeveloparoboticnursethatlookslikeahugeteddybear.RIBA(RobotforInteractiveBodyAssistance),alsoknownas‘Robear',canhelppatientsintoandoutofwheelchairsandbedswithitsstrongarms.It'simportanttonotethatroboticnursesdon'tdecidecoursesoftreatmentormakediagnoses(thoughrobotdoctorsandsurgeonsmaynotbefaroff).Instead,theyperformroutineandlaborioustasks,freeingnursesuptoattendtopatientswithimmediateneeds.Thisisoneindustrywhereitseemstheintegrationofrobotswillleadtocollaboration,notreplacement.43.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutJapan?A)Itdeliversthebestmedicationsfortheelderly.B)Ittakestheleadinprovidingroboticcare.C)Itprovidesretrainingforregisterednurses.D)Itsetsthetrendinfutureroboticstechnology.44.WhatdowelearnabouttherobotTerapio?A)IthasbeenputtouseinmanyJapanesehospitals.B)Itprovidesspecificindividualizedcaretopatients.C)Itdoesnothavemuchdirectcontactwithpatients.D)IthasnotrevolutionizedmedicalserviceinJapan.45.Whataretelepresencerobotsdesignedtodo?A)Directlyinteractwithpatientstopreventthemfromfeelinglonely.B)Catertotheneedsofpatientsforrecoveringtheircognitivecapacity.C)Closelymonitorthepatients'movementsandconditionsaroundtheclock.D)Facilitatemunicationbetweenpatientsanddoctorsorfamilymembers.46.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A)Doctorsandsurgeonswillsoonbelaidoff.B)Theroboticsindustrywillsoontakeoff.C)Robotswillnotmakenursesredundant.D)Collaborationwillnotreplacepetition.SectionCDirections:pletethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Unfortunately,therearen'tnearlyenoughtrainedgeneticscounselorstohandletheingupsurgeindemandforthistypeofinformation.B.Adultscannotdomuchtoaltertheirbiologicallot,butwhatifparentscouldexaminetheirunbornchild'sgenome(基因组)?C.Cancerhasbeethefirstkillertheseyears.That'swhypeopletendtotakeovertreatmentwiththeknowledgeoffamilyhistory.D.AnotherfearisthatacustomerwithoutdiscussingwithgeneticscounselorcanreceiveinformationviatheInternetaboutamultifoldgreaterriskofbreastcancer.E.Anotherproblemariseswhetheritismoraltochoosetostoppregnancybecauseofthegenomeproblem.F.Attitudestowardchildrearingmightchangealongwiththenewtechnology.Inanafewyearsyouwillbeabletoorderatranscriptofyourentiregeneticcodeforlessthan$1,000.(47)________Twodifferentuniversitylaboratorieshavedevelopedteststhatwillrevealtheentiretyofababy'sgeneticcodeusingjustabloodsamplefromthemotherplusadropofsaliva(唾液)fromthefather.Prenatal(出生前的)wholegenomesequencingwillprovidevolumesofinformationbeyondthecurrentlyavailabletestsexclusivelyforgeneticdisorderssuchasDown'ssyndromeorTaySachesdisease.Thethreebillionunitsofcodefurnishedinthenewtestswillalsodwarf(使…相形见的)therelativetrickle(零散)ofinformationprovidedbyconsumergenetestingservicessuchas23andMie,whichcurrentlylookonlyatperhapsaboutonemillionlocationsinthegenome.(48)________Withoutcarefulplanning,thenewprenatalgeneticsmightrob.achildofthechancetomakedecisionsbestleftuntiladulthoodwhetherornottolearn,forinstance,ifamutation(突变)predictstheinevitabilityofHuntington'sdisease20yearshence.(49)________Similarlaissezfaire(放任)actiontoprenatalwholegenometestingcouldportend(预示)tragedy.Ultimatelycertainagencywillneedtodevelopaprehensivepolicyonprenatalwholegenometesting.Bioethicsscholarswroteananalysislastsummerthatcallsonthemedicalmunitytodevelopaguidetothemostrelevantgenomicdataforfutureparents.(50)________Withoutaccesstoamuchhigherlevelofrefinedexpertise,thesecretsofouroffspring'sgeneticcodewillcontinuetoremainanunnervingcipherorworse.IVSummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandmainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.'Thisiscrisisteaching':studentswithdisabilitiesareneglectedascoronavirusshutsschoolsHomeschoolingyourchildrenduringtheCovid19pandemic(流行病)ishard.Forparentswhosechildrenhaveadisability,it'sa'herculean(困难的)task'Ashermomtellsit,SesameStreet（儿童节目）isAubrey'sfirstandonlylove.Heraffectionfortheprogram'scastofpuppets,forElmoinparticular,issoaggressiveandpurethatherparentshavetorestrictheraccesstoitbecauseshegetssopeculiarafterwatchingit.Aubrey,whoserealnameherparentsaskedbewithheldtoprotectherprivacy,isa16yearoldstudentinLosAngeles.Asateenagerlivingwithautism（自闭症）,routineisthebedrockofherday.Butinthedaysofaspiralingcoronaviruscrisis,predictingwhatesn